Editing 1837 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – The destructive [[Galilee earthquake of 1837|Galilee earthquake]] causes thousands of deaths in [[Ottoman Syria]].
* [[January 26]] – [[Michigan]] becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.
* [[February 4]] – [[Seminole]]s attack [[Fort Foster]] in [[Florida]].
* [[February 25]] – In [[Philadelphia]], the [[Institute for Colored Youth]] (ICY) is founded, as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States.
* [[February]] – [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[Oliver Twist]]'' begins publication in serial form in London.
* [[March 1]] – The [[Congregation of Holy Cross]] is formed in [[Le Mans]], France, by the signing of the Fundamental Act of Union, which legally joins the Auxiliary Priests of Blessed [[Basil Moreau]], CSC, and the Brothers of St. Joseph (founded by [[Jacques-François Dujarié]]) into one religious association.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 12]] – The conglomerate of [[Procter & Gamble]] has its origins, when British-born businessmen William Procter and James Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf |title=Procter & Gamble history. |access-date=September 22, 2015 |archive-date=January 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117141113/http://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[April 24]] – The [[1837 Surat fire|great fire in Surat]], a city of India, begins. Over a three-day period, the fire kills more than 500 people and destroys more than 9,000 houses.
* [[May 10]] – The [[Panic of 1837]] begins in [[New York City]].
* [[May]] – [[William Fothergill Cooke|W. F. Cooke]] and [[Charles Wheatstone]] patent an  [[Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph|electrical telegraph]] system.
* [[June 5]] – The city of [[Houston]] is incorporated by the [[Republic of Texas]].
* [[June 11]] – The [[Broad Street Riot]] occurs in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.
* [[June 20]] – [[Queen Victoria]], 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncle [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 |title=Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840 |access-date=2007-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 |archive-date=September 22, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Under [[Salic law]], the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] passes to William's brother, [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]], ending the [[personal union]] of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since [[1714]].

=== July–September ===
* [[July 13]] – [[Queen Victoria]] moves from [[Kensington Palace]] into [[Buckingham Palace]], the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than [[St James's Palace]], as her London home.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[July]] – [[Charles W. King]] sets sail on the American merchant ship ''Morrison''. In the [[Morrison incident]], he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire.
* [[August 16]] – The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] colonial forces sack the fortress of Bonjol, Indonesia, ending the [[Padri War]].
* [[September 19]] – [[First Carlist War]]: [[Battle of Aranzueque]] – The liberal forces loyal to Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabel II]] of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlist campaign known as the ''Expedición Real''.
* [[September 26]] – The destructive "[[Racer's hurricane|''Racer's'' hurricane]]" sweeps across the [[Caribbean]], northeastern [[Centralist Republic of Mexico|Mexico]], the [[Republic of Texas]] and the [[Gulf Coast of the United States]] and lasts until [[October 9]], after killing at least 105 people.<ref>{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996|date=January 20, 2016|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=January 20, 2017|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?text|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005929/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastdeadlyapp2.shtml?text|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 28]] – [[Samuel Morse]] files a caveat for a patent for the [[Telegraphy|telegraph]].<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/timeline01.html Morse Timeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513083152/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/timeline01.html |date=May 13, 2014 }} on memory.loc.gov (accessed on May 27, 2014)</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 13]] – The French army under [[Sylvain Charles Valée]] [[Siege of Constantine|captures the city of ]] [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] in [[French Algeria]] after a siege of three days.
* [[October 30]] – The [[Tsarskoye Selo Railway]], the first in the [[Russian Empire]], opens between [[Saint Petersburg]] [[Vitebsky railway station|Tsarskoselsky station]] and [[Tsarskoye Selo|Zarskoje Selo]] (modern-day [[Pushkin, Saint Petersburg|Pushkin]]), engineered by [[Franz Anton von Gerstner]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Haywood, Richard Mowbray|title=The beginnings of railway development in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I, 1835–1842|url=https://archive.org/details/beginningsofrail0000hayw|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, N.C.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gamst|first=Frederick|year=1990|title=Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner, Student of America's Pioneering Railroads|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426|journal=Railroad History|issue=163|pages=13–27|jstor=43521426|access-date=2020-11-15|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101215245/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] – In what will become the world's leading [[Consumer goods|consumer goods brand]], [[Procter & Gamble]] is founded in [[Ohio]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf|title=A Company History1837 - Today|access-date=July 21, 2020|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724101913/https://www.pg.com/translations/history_pdf/english_history.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[November 6]] [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]] begins the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] in the [[Quebec]] city of [[Montreal]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Brève histoire des patriotes|last=Laporte|first=Gilles|year=2015 |isbn=978-2-89448-817-1|location=Québec (Québec)|oclc=909317079}}</ref>
* [[November 7]] – American abolitionist and newspaper editor [[Elijah Lovejoy]] is killed by a pro-[[slavery]] mob, at his warehouse in [[Alton, Illinois]].
* [[November 8]] – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later [[Mount Holyoke College]], is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
* [[November 17]] – [[1837 Valdivia earthquake|An earthquake in Valdivia]], south-central Chile, causes tsunamis that led to significant destruction along Japan's coast.<ref name=Cisternasetal2018>{{cite journal |last1=Cisternas |first1=M. |last2=Carvajal |first2=M. |last3=Wesson |first3=R. |last4=Ely |first4=L. L. |last5=Gorigoitia |first5=N. |date=2018 |title=Exploring the Historical Earthquakes Preceding the Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake in a Time-Dependent Seismogenic Zone |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=2664–2675 |doi=10.1785/0120170103 |url=https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac |access-date=August 28, 2020 |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103191747/https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=cotsfac |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[December 4]] – [[Samuel Lount]] begins the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] by marching with rebel followers to [[Toronto]], one month after a similar rebellion against British rule had begun in [[Lower Canada]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kilbourn |first=William |author-link=William Kilbourn |title=The Firebrand: William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion in Upper Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McMvWY0aJLsC|access-date=September 3, 2020|year=2008 |publisher=Dundurn |location=Toronto |page=199-200 |isbn=978-1-77-070324-7}}</ref>
* [[December 17]] – [[Fire in the Winter Palace|Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace]], in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia killing 30 guards.
* [[December 23]] – The [[Slave Compensation Act 1837|Slave Compensation Act]] is signed into law by the government of the United Kingdom. This paid a substantial amount of money, constituting 40% of the [[HM Treasury|Treasury]]’s tax receipts at the time, to former enslavers but nothing to those formerly enslaved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Context {{!}} Legacies of British Slavery |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=www.ucl.ac.uk |archive-date=October 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019133414/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/project/context |url-status=live }}</ref> 
* [[December 29]] – The [[Caroline affair|''Caroline'' Affair]], on the [[Niagara River]], becomes the basis for the [[Caroline test|''Caroline'' test]] for anticipatory self-defence in international relations.

===Date unknown===
[[File:Daguerreotype Daguerre Atelier 1837.jpg|thumb|right|''L’Atelier de l'artiste.'' An 1837 [[daguerreotype]] by [[Louis Daguerre]].]]
* [[Louis Daguerre]] develops the [[daguerreotype]].
* The 5th century B.C. [[Berlin Foundry Cup]] is acquired for the [[Antikensammlung Berlin]] in Germany.
* The [[Olney Friends School]] is founded in the [[Appalachian Mountains]] of the United States.
* The first [[electric locomotive]] built is a miniature [[battery locomotive]] constructed by chemist [[Robert Davidson (inventor)|Robert Davidson]] of [[Aberdeen]] in [[Scotland]], and  powered by [[galvanic cell]]s (batteries).
* [[Atlanta]] is fixed as the [[Train station|terminal]] of the [[Western and Atlantic Railroad]]; it is originally named Marthasville.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} City of Atlanta, GA|url=https://www.atlantaga.gov/visitors/history|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006062010/https://www.atlantaga.gov/visitors/history|url-status=live}}</ref>