Editing 1836 (section)

== Events ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] — Hill Street Academy is named [[Colombo Academy]] and acquired by the Government, establishing the first public school in Sri Lanka.
* [[January 1]] – Queen [[Maria II of Portugal]] marries [[Ferdinand II of Portugal|Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]].
* [[January 5]] – Former U.S. Representative [[Davy Crockett]] of Tennessee arrives in [[Texas]] to join the Texan fight for independence from Mexico.
* [[January 12]]
** {{HMS|Beagle}}, with [[Charles Darwin]] on board, reaches [[Sydney]].
** [[Will County, Illinois]], is formed.
* [[February 8]] – [[London and Greenwich Railway]] opens its first section, the first railway in London, England.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas|first=R. H. G.|title=London's First Railway – The London & Greenwich|year=1972|publisher=Batsford|location=London|isbn=0-7134-0468-X}}</ref>
* [[February 23]] – [[Texas Revolution]]: The [[Battle of the Alamo]] begins, with an American settler army surrounded by the Mexican Army, under [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Santa Anna]].
* [[February 25]] – [[Samuel Colt]] receives a United States [[patent]] for the [[Colt Firearms|Colt]] [[revolver]], the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
* [[March 1]] – [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Convention of 1836]]: Delegates from many [[Texas]] communities gather in [[Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas]], to deliberate independence from Mexico.
* [[March 2]] – [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Convention of 1836]]: The [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] is signed by 60 delegates, and the [[Republic of Texas]] is declared.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Texas Declaration of Independence}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] – [[Texas Revolution]]: The [[Battle of the Alamo]] ends. At least 182 Texan settler soldiers die in a struggle against more than 2,000 Mexican soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Todish |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Todish |first2=Terry |last3=Spring |first3=Ted |title=Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution| publisher=Eakin Press|year=1998 |location=Austin, TX|isbn=978-1-57168-152-2}}</ref>
* [[March 11]] – [[Sultan Mahmud II]] abolishes the posts of ''[[Reis ül-Küttab]]'' and ''Kahya Bey'', and establishes the Ottoman ministries of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior in their place.
* [[March 17]] – [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Convention of 1836]]: Delegates adopt the [[Constitution of the Republic of Texas]], modeled after the [[United States Constitution]]. It allows slavery, requires [[free black]]s to petition Congress to live in the country, but prohibits import of slaves from anywhere but the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Texas (1836)|url=http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/text/ccGP.html|publisher=University of Texas School of Law|access-date=9 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108073513/http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/constitutions/text/ccGP.html|archive-date=January 8, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[March 27]]
** [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Goliad massacre]]: 342 Texan prisoners are shot and killed, along with Texan General [[James Walker Fannin]], by Mexican troops in [[Goliad, Texas|Goliad]], near the [[Presidio La Bahía]].
** The United States Survey of the Coast is returned to the [[U.S. Treasury Department]], and renamed the [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey|U.S. Coast Survey]].
* [[March 29]] – [[Richard Wagner]]'s opera ''[[Das Liebesverbot]]'' is performed for the first time, in [[Magdeburg]].
* [[March 31]] (dated April) – The first monthly part of [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]'' ("''The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club...'', edited by Boz")  is published in London.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 20]] – The [[Wisconsin Territory]] is created; the first capital is [[Belmont, Wisconsin|Belmont]].
* [[April 21]] – [[Texas Revolution]] – [[Battle of San Jacinto]]: Mexican forces under General [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] are defeated at [[San Jacinto County, Texas|San Jacinto]], [[Texas]].
* [[April 22]] – [[Texas Revolution]]: Forces under [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] General [[Sam Houston]] capture Mexican General [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]].<ref name=Sproat>{{cite web |last1=Sproat |first1=Leslie |title=Capture site of Santa Anna |url=https://easttexashistory.org/items/show/142 |website=East Texas History |publisher=Leslie Sproat |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 4]] – The [[Ancient Order of Hibernians]], an [[Irish Catholic]] [[fraternal organization]], is founded in [[New York City]].
* [[May 7]] – The settlement of [[Mayagüez, Puerto Rico]] is elevated to the royal status of [[villa (chartered town)|villa]], by the government of Spain.
* [[May 14]] – [[Texas Revolution]]: The [[Treaties of Velasco]] are signed, between Mexican General [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] and the [[Republic of Texas]]. In exchange for his freedom and the guarantee of free passage back to Mexico, General Santa Anna gives his recognition to the independence of Texas. The Mexican government refuses to ratify the treaties.<ref name=Sproat/>
[[File:Sam Houston at San Jacinto.jpg|thumb|[[April 21]]: [[Battle of San Jacinto]]]]
* [[May 15]] – During an [[List of solar eclipses in the 19th century#Eclipses|eclipse of the Sun]], English astronomer [[Francis Baily]] observes the phenomenon named after him as [[Baily's beads]].
* [[May 19]] – [[Fort Parker massacre]]: Among those captured by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] is 9-year-old [[Cynthia Ann Parker]]. She later gives birth to a son named [[Quanah Parker|Quanah]], who becomes the last [[tribal chief|chief]] of the [[Comanche]].
* [[June 15]] – [[Arkansas]] is admitted into as the 25th state of the United States of America.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 13]] – The first numbered {{US patent|1}} (after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents) is granted to [[John Ruggles]], for improvements to railroad [[steam locomotive]] tires.
* [[July 21]] – The [[Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad]] opens between [[Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu|St. John]] and [[La Prairie, Quebec]], the first steam-worked passenger railroad in [[British North America]].
* [[July 27]] – The settlement of [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]], is founded.
* [[July 30]] – The first English-language newspaper is published in Hawaii.
* [[August 17]] – The [[Marriage Act 1836|Marriage Act]] in the United Kingdom establishes [[civil marriage]] and registration systems that permit marriages in [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]] chapels, and a [[Registrar General]] of Births, Marriages, and Deaths.<ref>[[s:1836 (33) Registration of Births &c. A bill for registering Births Deaths and Marriages in England]].</ref><ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=260–261|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[August 30]] – The settlement of [[Houston]], [[Republic of Texas|Texas]] is founded.
* [[September 1]] – Rebuilding begins at the [[Hurva Synagogue]] in [[Jerusalem]].
* [[September 5]] – [[Sam Houston]] is elected as the first [[president of the Republic of Texas]].
* [[September 11]] – The [[Riograndense Republic]] is proclaimed in South America.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 2]] – [[Charles Darwin]] returns to England aboard {{HMS|Beagle}}, with biological data he will later use to develop his [[theory of evolution]], having left South America on [[August 17]].[[File:Voyage of the Beagle.jpg|thumb|right|[[October 2]]: [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] returns aboard [[HMS Beagle|HMS ''Beagle'']].]]
* [[October 13]] – [[Theodor Fliedner]], a [[Lutheran]] minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the [[Deaconess#Modern history|Deaconess]] Home and Hospital at [[Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth|Kaiserswerth]], Germany, as an institute to train women in [[nursing]].
* [[October 22]] – [[Sam Houston]] is inaugurated as first elected [[President of the Republic of Texas]].
* [[October 24]] – The earliest United States [[patent]] for a [[phosphorus]] [[Match#Friction matches|friction match]] is granted to Alonzo Dwight Phillips, of [[Springfield, Massachusetts]].
* [[October 25]] – Construction begins on the [[Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad]] in [[North Carolina]]. Due to a lack of support in [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], the route is revised to run from [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]] to the [[Petersburg Railroad]] in [[Weldon, North Carolina|Weldon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroad-WWRR.htm|publisher=CommunicationSolutions/ISI|title=Railroad — Wilmington & Raleigh (later Weldon)|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|access-date=2012-04-05}}</ref> 
* [[November 28]] – The [[University of London]] is established by [[Royal Charter]], with [[University College London]] and [[King's College London]] named as the first affiliated colleges.
* [[December 4]] – The [[Whig Party (United States)]] holds its first national convention, in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]].
* [[December 7]] – [[1836 United States presidential election]]: [[Martin Van Buren]] defeats [[William Henry Harrison]], and three other Whig candidates, marking the most recent time a Democrat is elected to succeed a two-term Democratic U.S. president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/two-consecutive-democratic-presidents-3368109|first=Tom|last=Murse|date=December 16, 2020|title=Last Time Consecutive Democratic Presidents Were Elected |work=ThoughtCo.|quote=You'd have to go back even further in history to find the most recent instance of a Democrat being elected to succeed a two-term president from the same party. The last time that happened was in 1836 when voters elected Martin Van Buren to follow Andrew Jackson. }}</ref>
* [[December 15]] – The [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|United States Patent Office]] burns in Washington, D.C.
* [[December 26]] – The [[History of South Australia|Crown colony of South Australia]] is officially proclaimed (subsequently celebrated in the state of [[South Australia]] as [[Proclamation Day (South Australia)|Proclamation Day]]).
* [[December 27]] – [[Lewes avalanche]]: An [[avalanche]] at [[Lewes]] in [[Sussex]], England, kills eight of fifteen people buried, when a row of cottages is engulfed in snow.
* [[December 28]]
** Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico.
** The Colony of [[South Australia]] is founded by Captain [[John Hindmarsh]].
* [[December 30]] – In [[Saint Petersburg]], the Lehman Theater catches fire, killing 800 people.

=== Date unknown ===
* The first printed literature in [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]] is produced by [[Justin Perkins]], an American [[Presbyterian]] [[missionary]] in [[Persia]].
* The [[New Board]] brokerage group is founded in New York City.
* [[Eugène Schneider]] and his brother [[Adolphe Schneider]] purchase a bankrupt ironworks near the town of [[Le Creusot]], in the [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy region]] of France, and found the steelworks and engineering company [[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider Frères & Cie]].
* [[George Catlin]] ends his 6-year tour of 50 tribes in the [[Dakota Territory]].
* [[John Murray III]] publishes ''A Hand-book for Travellers on the Continent; being a guide through Holland, Belgium, Prussia and northern Germany, and along the Rhine from Holland to Switzerland'', the first of ''[[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers]]'', in London.
* [[Chatsworth Head]] is found near [[Tamassos]], [[Cyprus]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/greekbronzestatu00matt|url-access=registration|title=Greek Bronze Statuary: from the beginnings through the fifth century B.C.|first=Carol C.|last=Mattusch|page=[https://archive.org/details/greekbronzestatu00matt/page/3 3]|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1988|isbn=0801421489|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref>
* In [[Munich]], the art museum [[Alte Pinakothek]] opened.