Editing 1828 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===

* [[January 4]] – [[Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac]] succeeds the [[Jean-Baptiste de Villèle|Comte de Villèle]], as [[Prime Minister of France]].
* [[January 8]] – The [[Democratic Party of the United States]] is organized.
* [[January 22]] – [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]] succeeds [[F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich|Lord Goderich]] as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
* [[February 10]] – "[[Black War]]": In the [[Cape Grim massacre]] – About 30 [[Aboriginal Tasmanians]] gathering food at a beach are probably ambushed, shot with muskets and killed by four indentured "servants" (or convicts) employed as shepherds for the [[Van Diemen's Land Company]] as part of a series of reprisal attacks, with the bodies of some of the men thrown from a 60 metre (200 ft) cliff.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clements|first=Nicholas|title=The Black War|publisher=University of Queensland Press|year=2014|location=Brisbane|isbn=978-0-70225-006-4}}</ref>
* [[February 19]] – The [[Boston Society for Medical Improvement]] is established in the United States.
* [[February 21]] – The first American-Indian newspaper in the United States, the ''[[Cherokee Phoenix]]'', is published.
* [[February 22]] – [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]]: By this Russian-Persian peace treaty signed on February 10 at [[Torkamanchay]], Persia (Iran), the latter country is forced irrevocably to cede the territories of the [[Erivan Khanate]] (most of modern-day central [[Armenia]] and the northern [[Iğdır Province]] of Turkey), the [[Nakhichevan Khanate]] (most of the modern-day [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]] of [[Azerbaijan]]), the remainder of the [[Talysh Khanate]] (southeastern Azerbaijan), and the [[Ordubad District|Ordubad]] and Mughan regions (also part of modern-day Azerbaijan) to Imperial Russia. By this and the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] (1813) it has now lost all its territories north of the [[Aras (river)|Aras]] River, comprising modern-day [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Dagestan]], Azerbaijan and Armenia to Russia. [[Armenians]] from [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Persian Azerbaijan]] are to be resettled in the [[Caucasus]].
* [[March 3]] – [[Pedro I of Brazil|Dom Pedro I]], [[Emperor of Brazil]] and former [[King of Portugal]], signs a document "to complete my abdication of the Portuguese crown" (made in 1826), to renounce all claims in favor of his daughter [[Maria II of Portugal|Queen Maria II]], and to declare "indubitable proof" that he wishes Portugal to be "perpetually separated from the Brazilian nation....in such a manner as may render even the idea of reunion impracticable."<ref>{{cite book|author="A Well-Wisher" ([[William Walton (writer)|William Walton]])|title=Portugal; or, Who is the lawful Successor to the Throne?|location=London|publisher=John Richardson|year=1828|page=126}}</ref>
* [[March 18]] – [[Simón Bolívar]], [[President of Colombia]] (and former President of [[Venezuela]], [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]), departs from the capital at [[Bogotá]] in order to help his ally, General [[José Antonio Páez]], suppress an uprising near the Venezuelan border, but is sidetracked by another rebellion in [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]].<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Lynch|title=Simón Bolívar: A Life|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2007|page=233}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 11]] – The city of [[Bahía Blanca]] in modern-day [[Argentina]] is founded.
* [[April 18]] – Ornithologist [[Carl Julian (von) Graba]] lands in the little-studied [[Faroe Islands]] for a three-month visit to research the bird life.
* [[April 20]] – French explorer [[René Caillié]] becomes the first non-Muslim to enter [[Timbuktu]] and later return alive.
* [[April 26]] –
**Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire, beginning the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Russo-Turkish War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Özavcı |first1= Hilmi Ozan |year= 2021|chapter= A New Era? The Vienna Order and the Ottoman World |title= Dangerous Gifts: Imperialism, Security, and Civil Wars in the Levant, 1798-1864|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Lbo0EAAAQBAJ |publisher= Oxford University Press |pages= 128–129 |doi= 10.1093/oso/9780198852964.001.0001 |isbn= 9780198852964 |access-date= 31 July 2024}}</ref> 
**The Treaty of Commerce and Navigation is signed between [[Brazil]] and [[Denmark]], establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZsAAAAAYAAJ&q=%22denmark+and+brazil%22&pg=PA717|title=British and Foreign State Papers|year=1829}}</ref>
* [[April 27]] – The [[London Zoo]] opens for members of the [[Zoological Society of London]] as the first scientific zoo in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayinsci.com/4/4_27.htm|title=April 27|work=Today in Science History|accessdate=2011-12-20}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] – The [[Sacramental Test Act 1828|Sacramental Test Act]] in the United Kingdom removes most prohibitions on [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]]s and [[Catholics]] holding public office.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Richard A.|last=Gaunt|title=Peel's Other Repeal: The Test and Corporation Acts, 1828|journal=Parliamentary History|year=2014|volume=33|pages=243–262|doi=10.1111/1750-0206.12096 |url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31450/ }}</ref>
* [[May 21]] – [[Antonio José de Sucre]] tries to invade [[Paraguay]], reaching the northern city of [[Fuerte Olimpo]], but the planned invasion is immediately cancelled. 
* [[May 26]] – The supposed [[feral child]] [[Kaspar Hauser]] is discovered in [[Nuremberg]], Germany.
* [[June 3]] – [[Gran Colombia–Peru War]]: Gran Colombia's President [[Simón Bolívar]] declares war on Peru.
* [[June 23]] – King [[Miguel I of Portugal]] overthrows his niece, Queen [[Maria II of Portugal|Maria II]], beginning the [[Liberal Wars]].

=== July–September ===
* [[July 4]] – [[Lord William Bentinck]] arrives at [[Calcutta]] (modern-day Kolkata) to begin his administration as the new [[Governor-General of India]], on behalf of King [[George IV of the United Kingdom]].<ref>John Clark Marshman, ''History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of the East India Company's Government'' (William Blackwood and Sons, 1876)  p357; reprinted by Cambridge University Press, 2010)</ref>
* [[July 5]] – The British weekly ''[[The Spectator]]'' is founded by [[Robert Rintoul]] as a radical magazine.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Blake|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Blake, Baron Blake|date=1978-09-23|title=From Wellington to Thatcher|work=The Spectator}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] – William Corder is hanged at [[Bury St Edmunds]], England, for [[Red Barn Murder|the murder of Maria Marten at the Red Barn]] a year earlier.
* [[August 27]] – In South America, the [[Empire of Brazil]] and [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata]] (modern-day [[Argentina]]) recognize the [[History of Uruguay#Struggle for independence, 1811–1828|independence of Uruguay]], causing the end of the [[Cisplatine War]]. [[Simón Bolívar]] declares himself dictator of Gran Colombia.
* [[August 28]] – Russian forces succeed in the [[Battle of Akhaltsikhe]] against the Ottomans, capturing the fortress after an 8-day siege. 
* [[September 17]] – [[1828 Siebold typhoon]]: A [[typhoon]] kills approximately 10,000 people in [[Kyūshū]], Japan.<ref>"Japan", in ''Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones'', by David Longshore (Infobase Publishing, 2010) p272</ref>
* [[September 29]] – [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)]]: [[Siege of Varna (1828)|Varna is taken]] by the Russian army.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 26]]
** English [[naturalist]] and explorer [[William John Burchell]] collects the only known specimen of ''[[Parabouchetia]] brasiliensis'', an exceptionally rare member of the nightshade family [[Solanaceae]], in central Brazil.
** The [[Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria]] is established in Russia to maintain the charitable institutions previously under the patronage of the late Empress.<ref>{{cite web|author=[[Nicholas I of Russia]]|title=О принятии Государем Императором под своё покровительство всех заведений, состоявших в ведении покойной Государыни Императрицы Марии Федоровны|trans-title=On the acceptance by the Sovereign Emperor under his patronage of all institutions run by the late Empress Maria Feodorovna|url=http://www.nlr.ru/e-res/law_r/search.php?part=281&regim=3|edition=2nd|work=Полное собрание законов Российской империи|publisher=Printing House of Section II, His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery|year=1830|volume=III|orig-year=1828|issue=2379|pages=948–949}}</ref>
* [[November 11]] – [[Greek War of Independence]]: the [[London Protocol (1828)|London Protocol]] entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty encompassing the [[Morea]] and the [[Cyclades]].
* [[November 12]] – [[Anouvong]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of Vientiane]], is deposed and the kingdom is annexed by Siam. During the war, the city of Vientiane is obliterated by Siamese forces.
* [[December 1]] – [[Decembrist revolution (Argentina)]]: [[Juan Lavalle]], returning to [[Buenos Aires]] with troops that fought in the [[Cisplatine War]], deposes the provincial governor [[Manuel Dorrego]], reigniting the [[Argentine Civil Wars]].
* [[December 3]] – [[1828 United States presidential election]]: [[Andrew Jackson]] is elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent John Quincy Adams in a landslide.
* [[December 9]] – An attempt to assassinate Gran Colombia's President [[Simon Bolívar]] fails while he is visiting Jamaica. Bolivar accepts a last-minute invitation to be elsewhere and his servant, hired by the Spanish royal government to kill Bolivar, kills Bolivar's paymaster by mistake.<ref>{{cite book|last=Masur|first=Gerhard|title=Simón Bolívar|year=1948|publisher=[[University of New Mexico Press]]|isbn=978-0-8263-0131-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/simonbolivar0000masu_a4j3}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] – The U.S. State of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] legislature charters the Medical Academy of Georgia, which becomes the [[Medical College of Georgia]], and authorizes it to award a Bachelor of Medicine degree, making it the 13th oldest U.S. medical school and the sixth public medical school to be established.
* [[December 28]] – The province of [[Echigo]], Japan, is hit by a 6.8 magnitude earthquake, killing more than 1,500 people.
* [[December 30]] – Publication (begun on January 14) of [[Franz Schubert]]'s [[song cycle]] ''[[Winterreise]]'' is concluded posthumously.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Friedrich Wöhler]] synthesizes [[urea]], possibly discrediting a cornerstone of [[vitalism]].
* [[Ányos Jedlik]] creates the world's first [[electric motor]].
* 32,000 Angolans are sold in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil.
* In November the [[1828 New South Wales census]] was conducted.
* The Cornwall Bank, earliest constituent of [[ANZ (bank)|ANZ bank]] in Australasia, is formed in [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston, Van Diemens Land]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Born Here|url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51945316|newspaper=[[The Examiner (Tasmania)|The Examiner]]|location=Launceston, Tasmania|date=13 July 1935|access-date=12 July 2014|page=8|edition=Daily|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>