Editing 1817 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; Sailing through the [[Hawaiian Islands|Sandwich Islands]], [[Otto von Kotzebue]] discovers [[Mejit Island|New Year Island]].
* [[January 19]] &ndash; An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General [[José de San Martín]], [[Crossing of the Andes|starts crossing the Andes]] from [[Argentina]], to liberate [[Chile]] and then [[Peru]].
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Ram Mohan Roy]] and [[David Hare (philanthropist)|David Hare]] found [[Hindu College, Calcutta]], offering instructions in [[English language|English]] on Western subjects, including other European languages.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Battle of Chacabuco]]: [[Argentina|Argentine]] and [[Chile]]an soldiers of the [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata]] defeat the Spanish royalist troops in what is now [[Chile]], marking the turning point in the war against European rule of South America.<ref>{{Cite book|title= Liberators: Latin America's Struggle for Independence|first= Robert |last = Harvey |year = 2000 |publisher = The Overlook Press| location = New York |pages=346–349|isbn=1-58567-284-X }}</ref>
 
* [[March 3]]
** On his last day in office, U.S. President [[James Madison]] vetoes [[John C. Calhoun]]'s [[Bonus Bill of 1817|Bonus Bill]] as unconstitutional after it has passed both houses of the U.S. Congress.<ref>Stephen Minicucci, [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=275165&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0898588X04000094 Internal Improvements and the Union, 1790–1860], Studies in American Political Development (2004), 18: p.160-185, (2004), Cambridge University Press
DOI: 10.1017/S0898588X04000094</ref>
** The U.S. Congress passes a law to split the [[Mississippi Territory]], after Mississippi drafts a constitution, creating the [[Alabama Territory]], effective in August.<ref name="LOC">{{cite web |title= Resolution for the admission of the State of Mississippi into the Union |work= A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875. Statutes at Large, 15th Congress |publisher= Library of Congress |page= 472 of 798 |date=n.d. |orig-year= after 1813 |agency= 15th U.S. Congress |url= http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=003/llsl003.db&recNum=513 |access-date= 1 May 2017 }}</ref>
* [[March 21]] &ndash; The flag of the [[Pernambucan Revolt]] is publicly blessed by the dean of Recife Cathedral, Brazil.<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/br-pe.html Pernambucan Revolution, 1817], From crwflags.com. Retrieved June 30, 2006.</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; "[[Princess Caraboo]]" appears in [[Almondsbury]] in [[Gloucestershire]] in England, and convinces the local residents that she had come to their town from a far-off island kingdom of "Javasu" in the [[Indian Ocean]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB|id=41062|title=Baker [née Willcocks], Mary [alias Princess Caraboo]}}</ref> A Portuguese sailor named Manuel Enes soon arrives and says that he speaks her mysterious language, and translates her story of an escape from pirates. After publicity, Princess Caraboo is discovered to be a servant girl from the village of [[Witheridge]] in [[Devon]].
* [[April 15]]
**The [[American School for the Deaf]] opens in [[Hartford, Connecticut]].
**An earthquake strikes [[Palermo]] in the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].<ref>"Prof. Ferrara on the Earthquakes in Sicily in 1823", ''The Edinburgh Journal of Science'' p366</ref>
* [[April 29]] &ndash; The [[Rush–Bagot Treaty]] is signed between the United States and the British Empire, limiting the number of warships on the [[Great Lakes]] between the U.S. and Canada in the aftermath of settling the [[War of 1812]].<ref>Christopher Mark Radojewski, "The Rush–Bagot Agreement: Canada–US Relations in Transition." ''American Review of Canadian Studies'' 47.3 (2017): 280–299.</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; The [[General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America|General Convention]] of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] founds the [[General Theological Seminary]], while meeting in New York City.<ref>
James Grant Wilson, ''The Memorial History of the City of New-York: From Its First Settlement to the Year 1892'', Volume IV (New York History Company, 1893) p596</ref>
* [[June 12]]
**German inventor [[Karl Drais]] drives his [[dandy horse]] ("Draisine" or ''Laufmaschine''), the earliest form of [[bicycle]], in [[Mannheim]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cyclinguk.org/cycle/draisienne-1817-2017-200-years-cycling-innovation-design | title=200 years since the father of the bicycle Baron Karl von Drais invented the 'running machine' {{pipe}} Cycling UK | last=Hanlon | first=Sheila | access-date=3 February 2020 | archive-date=5 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705110900/https://www.cyclinguk.org/cycle/draisienne-1817-2017-200-years-cycling-innovation-design | url-status=live }}</ref>
** Tradesman Jeffery Sedwards establishes the [[Skibbereen]] Abstinence Society in [[Ireland]], considered the first organisation devoted to [[teetotalism]] in Europe.<ref>Winskill P. T., ''The Temperance Movement: And Its Workers'' (Blackie & Son, Ltd. 1891) p80</ref> 
* [[June 22]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]], by royal decree, makes the production and sale of tobacco a legal endeavor in [[Cuba]], thus sparking the birth of the Cuban cigar industry.<ref>''Cuba'' (International Bureau of the American Republics, 1905) p82</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; A large riot breaks out in [[Copenhagen]] Prison, and the army is sent to quell it.

=== July&ndash;September ===
[[File:Kirkville-olderie1.JPG|thumb|[[July 4]]: Construction on the [[Erie Canal]] starts.]]
* [[July 4]]
** At [[Rome, New York]], construction on the [[Erie Canal]] begins in the U.S. to link the [[Hudson River]] to [[Lake Erie]], with the long-range goal of making the first navigable waterway between the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[Great Lakes]], and reducing the amount of time and costs for transporting goods westward past the Appalachian mountains.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bernstein |first1=Peter L. |date=2005 |title=Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/weddingofwaters00pete |url-access=registration |edition=1st|publisher=Norton |location=New York [u.a.] |isbn=978-0-393-05233-6}}</ref>
** [[1817 Santiago del Estero earthquake]]. A 7.0 magnitude earthquake hits Argentina's [[Santiago del Estero Province]].<ref>Instituto Nacional de Prevención Sísmica, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316084749/http://www.inpres.gov.ar/seismology/seismology/Historic/hist.panel.htm ''Listado de Terremotos Históricos'']</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; By act of the U.S. Congress ([[March 3]]), the [[Alabama Territory]] is created by splitting the [[Mississippi Territory]] in half, on the day the Mississippi constitution is drafted, four months before [[Mississippi]] becomes a [[U.S. state]].<ref name="LOC"/>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; The [[town]] of [[Araraquara]], [[Brazil]] is founded.
* [[August 23]] &ndash; An earthquake near the site of the ancient Greek city of [[Helike]] results in 65 deaths.
*[[August 26]] &ndash; The [[University of Michigan]] is founded in the U.S., initially near the intersection of Bates Street and Congress Street in [[Detroit]]. It will move its campus to [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] in 1837.{{Cite web |title = U-M's Foundings in Detroit and Ann Arbor: Key Dates |url = http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131101064603/http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/ |archive-date = November 1, 2013 |access-date = January 28, 2016 |publisher = University of Michigan }}
* [[September 11]] &ndash; The [[Great Rebellion of 1817-18]] begins in [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2011/03/11/sri-lanka-revoke-british-governor%E2%80%99s-infamous-gazette-notification|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102192549/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2011/03/11/sri-lanka-revoke-british-governor%E2%80%99s-infamous-gazette-notification|title=Sri Lanka is to revoke British Governor's infamous Gazette Notification|archive-date=2 January 2016|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 9]] &ndash; The [[University of Ghent]] opens in [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Official website|http://www.ugent.be/en}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[frigate]] {{HMS|Trincomalee}} is launched in [[Bombay]] for the British [[Royal Navy]]. She will still be afloat two centuries later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trincomalee Construction |url=http://www.hms-trincomalee.co.uk/history/construction |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527084839/http://www.hms-trincomalee.co.uk/history/construction |archive-date=2017-05-27 |access-date=25 July 2015 |publisher=The National Museum}}</ref>
*[[October 30]] &ndash; The independent government of Venezuela is established by [[Simón Bolívar]].
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Emperor Ninkō]] accedes to the throne of Japan.<ref>[[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon.]] (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan''.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]</ref>
*[[November 3]] &ndash; The [[Bank of Montreal]] opens in Montreal.<ref>{{cite web |title=The development of Canada |url=https://ourheritagebmo.com/exhibit/the-development-of-canada/ |website=BMO – Our Heritage |publisher=Bank of Montreal |access-date=20 May 2025 |ref=4}}</ref>
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] breaks out with the [[Battle of Khadki]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Naravane|first=M. S. |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&pg=PA79|year=2006|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3}}</ref>
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817)|Princess Charlotte of Wales]], the  daughter and only child of the [[George IV|Prince Regent George]] and granddaughter of King George III, dies hours after giving birth to a stillborn son.<ref>{{cite book|last = Chambers|first = James|year = 2007|title = Charlotte and Leopold|publisher = Old Street Publishing|location = London|isbn = 978-1-905847-23-5|pages=193–194|url-access = registration|url=https://archive.org/details/charlotteleopold00jame}}</ref> Her death, tremendously mourned by the British, throws the succession to the British throne into doubt.
* [[November 20]] &ndash; The first [[Seminole War]] begins in [[Florida]].<ref>Missall, John and Mary Lou Missall. 2004. ''The Seminole Wars: America's Longest Indian Conflict''. University Press of Florida, pp.33-37 {{ISBN|0-8130-2715-2}}.</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Frédéric Cailliaud]] discovers the old Roman [[emerald]] mines at Sikait, [[Egypt]].{{cn|date=November 2024}}
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Mississippi]] is admitted as the 20th [[U.S. state]], formerly the [[Mississippi Territory]].<ref name="TN">"An 1820 Claim to Congress: Alabama Territory : 1817", ''The Intruders'', TNGenNet Inc., 2001, quick webpage: [http://www.tngenweb.org/tnland/intruders/claim-537 TN-537]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[First cholera pandemic (1817–24)|first cholera pandemic]] originates in [[Bengal]], reaching [[Calcutta]] by September.
* A [[typhus]] epidemic occurs in [[Edinburgh]] and [[Glasgow]].