Editing 1801 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===

[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|January 1: The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] is formed.]]
*[[January 1]]
** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the [[Act of Union 1800]], bringing about the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], and the abolition of the [[Parliament of Ireland]].
** [[Giuseppe Piazzi]] discovers the asteroid and [[dwarf planet]] [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]].
*[[January 3]] – [[Toussaint Louverture]] triumphantly enters [[Santo Domingo]], the capital of the former Spanish [[Captaincy General of Santo Domingo|colony of Santo Domingo]], which has become a colony of [[First French Empire|Napoleonic France]].
*[[January 31]] – [[John Marshall]] is appointed [[Chief Justice of the United States]].
*[[February 4]] – [[William Pitt the Younger]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
*[[February 9]] – The [[Treaty of Lunéville]] ends the [[War of the Second Coalition]] between France and Austria.  Under the terms of the treaty, all German territories left of the Rhine are officially annexed by France while Austria also has to recognize the Batavian, Helvetian, Cisalpine and Ligurian Republics.
*[[February 17]] – An [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral]] tie between [[Thomas Jefferson]] and [[Aaron Burr]] is resolved, when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the [[United States House of Representatives]].
*[[February 27]] – Washington, D.C. is placed under the jurisdiction of the [[United States Congress]].
*[[March 10]] – The [[Census Act 1800|first census]] is held in Great Britain. The population of [[England and Wales]] is determined to be 8.9&nbsp;million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chronology.ndo.co.uk/1800-1849.htm|title=Chronology of State Medicine|access-date=August 10, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809081353/http://www.chronology.ndo.co.uk/1800-1849.htm |archive-date=August 9, 2007}}</ref> with London revealed to have 860,035 residents. 1.5&nbsp;million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales, accounting for 17% of the total English population.
*[[March 14]] – [[Henry Addington]] becomes [[First Lord of the Treasury]] and [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], effectively [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
*[[March 21]] – [[Battle of Alexandria (1801)|Battle of Alexandria]] in Egypt: British troops defeat the French, but the British commander, Sir [[Ralph Abercromby]], dies later of a wound received in the action.
*[[March 23]] – Tsar [[Paul I of Russia]] is murdered; he is succeeded by his son [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]].

=== April–June ===
*[[April 2]] – [[War of the Second Coalition]]: First [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|Battle of Copenhagen]] – The  British [[Royal Navy]], under [[Hyde Parker (admiral)|Admiral Sir Hyde Parker]], forces the [[Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy]] to accept an [[armistice]]. Vice-Admiral [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]] leads the main attack, deliberately disregarding his commander's signal to withdraw.<ref name="People's Chronology">{{cite book|chapter=1801|title=The People's Chronology|editor=Everett, Jason M.|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2006}}</ref> He is created a [[Viscount]] on May 19; Denmark-Norway is forced to withdraw from the [[Second League of Armed Neutrality]].
*[[April 21]] – [[Ranjit Singh]] is invested as Maharaja of Punjab.
*[[May 6]] – [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: [[Action of 6 May 1801]] off [[Barcelona]] – British Royal Navy brig [[HMS Speedy (1782)|HMS ''Speedy'']], although outmanned and outgunned, captures the 32-gun [[Spanish frigate El Gamo|Spanish frigate ''El Gamo'']].
*[[May 10]] – The pascha of [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Tripoli]] declares [[First Barbary War|war]] on the United States, by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down.
*[[June 7]] – [[War of the Oranges]] ends: Portugal and Spain sign the [[Treaty of Badajoz (1801)|Treaty of Badajoz]]; Portugal loses the city of [[Olivenza]].
*[[June 15]] – A bull breaks through barriers at a [[Bullfighting|bullfight]] in Madrid, killing two people (including the mayor of [[Torrejón de Ardoz]])<ref>"[http://www.nationalgalleries.org/index.php/collection/online_az/4:322/results/0/34098/ Dreadful events in the front rows of the ring at Madrid and the death of the mayor of Torrejón, Plate 21 of La Tauromaquia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608070953/http://www.nationalgalleries.org/index.php/collection/online_az/4:322/results/0/34098/ |date=June 8, 2011 }}". [[National Galleries of Scotland]]. Retrieved on February 25, 2010.</ref> and injuring a number of other spectators.
*[[June 27]] – [[Siege of Cairo]] ends: [[Cairo]] falls to British troops.

=== July–September ===
*[[July 6]] – [[First Battle of Algeciras]]: The French fleet defeats the British fleet.
*[[July 7]] – [[Toussaint Louverture]] promulgates a reforming constitution for [[Santo Domingo]], declaring himself emperor for life of the entire island of [[Hispaniola]], and nominally abolishing [[slavery]].
*[[July 12]] – [[Second Battle of Algeciras]]: The British fleet defeats the French and Spanish fleets.
*[[July 18]] – [[Napoleon]] signs a [[Concordat of 1801|Concordat]] with [[Pope Pius VII]].
*[[August 1]] – [[First Barbary War]]: [[Action of 1 August 1801]] – [[United States Navy]] [[schooner]] {{USS|Enterprise|1799}} captures the 14-gun [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]tan corsair [[polacca]] ''Tripoli'' off the north African coast, in a single-ship action.
*[[September 9]] – [[Alexander I of Russia]] confirms the privileges of the [[Baltic provinces]].
*[[September 24]] – [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]] exhibits his new invention, a [[loom]] where the pattern being woven is controlled by [[punched card]]s, at the National Exposition in Paris.<ref>Michael P. Fitzsimmons, ''From Artisan to Worker: Guilds, the French State, and the Organization of Labor, 1776-1821'' (Cambridge University Press, 2010) p132</ref>
*[[September 30]] – The Treaty of London is signed for preliminary peace between the [[French First Republic]] and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]].

=== October–December ===
*[[October 17]] – A coup d'état is staged in the [[Batavian Republic]].
*[[November 16]] – The first edition of the ''[[New-York Evening Post]]'' is printed.
*[[December 15]] – [[Hadži Mustafa Pasha]], Ottoman commander and politician, is assassinated in [[Belgrade]], [[Sanjak of Smederevo]], by [[Kučuk-Alija]].
*[[December 19]] – South Carolina College, a precursor to The [[University of South Carolina]], is established in [[Columbia, South Carolina]].
*[[December 24]] – [[Cornish people|Cornish]] engineers [[Richard Trevithick]] and [[Andrew Vivian]] demonstrate "Puffing Devil", their steam-powered road locomotive, in [[Camborne]]. The trial is successful but Trevithick realises the limitations of steam power in a road-running vehicle and turns his attention to rail, introducing the world's first steam railway locomotive in 1804.<ref>{{cite book |title=British Steam |publisher=Igloo Books |date=2016 |pages=10–13}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
[[File:Elgin marbles frieze.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Elgin Marbles]] are removed from the [[Parthenon]].]]
* The first of a continuous series of censuses is held in France.
* [[Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin]], British ambassador to the [[Ottoman Empire]], begins removal of the [[Elgin Marbles]] from the [[Parthenon]] in Athens.
* [[Philippe Pinel]] publishes ''Traité médico-philosophique sur l'aliénation mentale; ou la manie'', presenting his enlightened humane psychological approach to the management of [[psychiatric hospital]]s. Translated into English by [[David Daniel Davis|D. D. Davis]] as ''Treatise on Insanity'' in 1806, it is influential on both sides of the Atlantic during the nineteenth century.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michel|last=Foucault|author-link=Michel Foucault|title=[[Madness and Civilization|Folie et déraison: histoire de la folie à l'âge classique]]|year=1961}}</ref>
* [[Ultraviolet radiation]] is discovered by [[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]].
* The magnum opus ''[[Disquisitiones Arithmeticae]]'' of [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] is published.
* The [[Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA)]] is founded within Freemasonry.