Editing 1798 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–June ===
* January &ndash; [[Eli Whitney]] contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with [[interchangeable parts]].
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Constantine Hangerli]] enters [[Bucharest]], as [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Prince of Wallachia]].
* [[January 22]] &ndash; A [[coup d'état]] is staged in the Netherlands ([[Batavian Republic]]). Unitarian Democrat [[Pieter Vreede]]  ends the power of the parliament (with a conservative-moderate majority).
* [[February 10]] &ndash; The Pope is taken captive, and the Papacy is removed from power, by French General [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]].
* [[February 15]] &ndash; U.S. Representative [[Roger Griswold]] (Fed-CT) beats Congressman [[Matthew Lyon]] (Dem-Rep-VT) with a cane after the House declines to censure Lyon earlier spitting in Griswold's face; the House declines to discipline either man.<ref name="Harper1798">''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p171</ref>
* March &ndash; the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]] begins when the Irish [[Militia]] arrest the leadership of the [[Society of United Irishmen]],<ref name="The People's Chronology">{{cite book|chapter=1798|title=The People's Chronology|editor=Everett, Jason M.|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2006}}</ref> a group unique amongst [[Irish republicans|Irish republican]] and [[Irish nationalism|nationalist]] movements in that it unifies Catholics and Protestants (Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist and others) around republican ideals. This month, [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh|Lord Castlereagh]] is appointed Acting [[Chief Secretary for Ireland]] and on [[March 30]] [[martial law]] is proclaimed here. The first battles in the rebellion are fought on [[May 24]] and it continues through September, but the rebels receive much less than the expected support from France, which sends only 1,100 men.
* [[March 5]] &ndash; French troops enter [[Bern]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1798 |title=Historical Events for Year 1798 &#124; OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com|date=October 23, 1798 |access-date=July 11, 2016}}</ref>
* [[March 7]] &ndash; French forces invade the [[Papal States]] and establish the [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]].
* [[April 7]] &ndash; The [[Mississippi Territory]] is organized by the United States, from territory ceded by [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[South Carolina]]; later it is twice expanded, to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain (which acquired territory in trade with Great Britain).<ref name="Harper1798"/>
* [[April 12]] &ndash; The [[Helvetic Republic]], a [[French client republic]], is proclaimed following the collapse of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] after the French invasion; [[Aarau]] becomes the republic's temporary capital.
* [[April 26]] &ndash; France annexes [[Geneva]].
* [[April 30]] &ndash; The [[United States Department of the Navy]] is established as a cabinet-level department. [[Benjamin Stoddert]], a civilian businessman, is appointed as the first Navy Secretary by President Adams.<ref name="Harper1798"/>
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: A French force attempting to dislodge a small British garrison on the [[Îles Saint-Marcouf]] is  [[Battle of the Îles Saint-Marcouf|repulsed with heavy losses]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Woodman | first = Richard | author-link = Richard Woodman | year = 2001 | title = The Sea Warriors | publisher = Constable Publishers | pages =103–04 |isbn = 1-84119-183-3}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Napoleon]] sets off for [[Toulon]], sailing aboard Vice-Admiral [[François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers|Brueys]]'s flagship [[French ship L'Orient (1791)|''L'Orient'']]; his [[Squadron (naval)|squadron]] is part of a larger fleet of over 300 vessels, carrying almost 37,000 troops.<ref>Holmes, Richard (2015). ''The Napoleonic Wars'', Egypt and Syria campaign, p. 28. {{ISBN|978-1-78097-614-3}}</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Pitt–Tierney duel]] takes place on [[Putney Heath]]. [[Prime Minister of Great Britain|British Prime Minister]] [[William Pitt the Younger]] fights a duel against opposition politician [[George Tierney]]
* [[June 12]] 
** The French take [[Malta]].
** A moderate ''coup d'état'' in the Netherlands ([[Batavian Republic]]) deposes [[Pieter Vreede]].
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia]] is founded in California.
* [[June 18]] &ndash; The first of the four [[Alien and Sedition Acts]], the [[Naturalization Act of 1798]], is signed into law by U.S. President Adams, requiring immigrants to wait 14 years rather than five years to become naturalized citizens of the United States. On June 25, another law is signed authorizing the imprisonment and deportation of any non-citizens deemed to be dangerous.<ref name="Harper1798"/>

=== July&ndash;December ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[French campaign in Egypt and Syria|Egyptian Campaign]]: Napoleon disembarks his French army in Marabout Bay.
* [[July 7]]
** [[Quasi-War]]: The [[United States Congress]] rescinds treaties with France, sparking the war.<ref name="Harper1798"/>
** In the action of [[USS Delaware vs La Croyable|USS ''Delaware'' vs ''La Croyable'']], the newly-formed [[United States Navy]] makes its first capture.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; The [[United States Marine Corps]] is re-established under its present name.<ref name="Harper1798"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ospreypublishing.com/us/us-marine-corps-17751859-9781472851536/|title=The US Marine Corps 1775–1859|quote=Reestablished in 1798, the US Marine Corps fought in the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812, both at sea and on land.}}</ref>
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Battle of Shubra Khit]]: French troops defeat the Mamelukes, during Napoleon's march from Alexandria to take Cairo.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The fourth of the [[Alien and Sedition Acts]], the [[Sedition Act of 1798]] is signed into law, making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]].<ref name="Harper1798"/>
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[An Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen|The Relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen Act]] is signed into law, creating the [[Marine Hospital Service]], the forerunner to the current [[United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps]].
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Pyramids]]: Napoleon defeats [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] forces near the Pyramids.
* [[July 24]] &ndash; Napoleon occupies [[Cairo]].
* [[July 31]] &ndash; A second round of elections are held in the Netherlands ([[Batavian Republic]]); no [[general elections]] this time.
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Nile]] (near [[Abu Qir]]): [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Lord Nelson]] defeats the French navy under [[François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers|Admiral Brueys]]. 11 of the 13 French battleships are captured or destroyed, including the flagship ''[[French ship Orient (1791)|Orient]]'' whose [[Magazine (artillery)|magazine]] explodes; Nelson himself is wounded in the head.
* [[August 22]] &ndash; French troops land at [[Kilcummin, County Mayo|Kilcummin]] in [[County Mayo]] to assist the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798|Irish Rebellion]].
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Charles Brockden Brown]] publishes the first significant American novel, the [[Gothic fiction]] ''[[Wieland (novel)|Wieland: or, The Transformation; an American Tale]]''.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Conscription]] is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan Law.
* [[September 10]]
** The [[Piedmontese Republic]] is declared in the territory of Piedmont.
** [[Battle of St. George's Caye]]: Off the coast of [[British Honduras]] (modern-day [[Belize]]), a group of European settlers and Africans defeat a Spanish force sent from Mexico to drive them out.
* [[September 18]] &ndash; ''[[Lyrical Ballads]]'' is published anonymously by [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] and [[William Wordsworth]], inaugurating the English [[Romantic movement]] in literature.
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Killala]]: in the last land battle of the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]], British troops defeat the remaining rebel Irish and French forces at [[Killala]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stock|first=Joseph|author-link=Joseph Stock (bishop)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__EBAAAAMAAJ|title=A Narrative of what passed at Killalla, in the County of Mayo, and the parts adjacent, during the French invasion in the summer of 1798|location=Dublin; London|year=1800}}</ref>
* [[October 2]] &ndash; The [[Cherokee nation]] signs a [[Treaty of Tellico|treaty]] with the United States allowing free passage through Cherokee lands in Tennessee through the [[Cumberland Gap]] through the Appalachian Mountains from Virginia into Kentucky.<ref name="Harper1798"/>
* [[October 7]] &ndash; U.S. Representative [[Matthew Lyon]] of Vermont becomes the first member of Congress to be put on trial for violating the new [[Sedition Act of 1798]].<ref name="Harper1798"/>
* [[October 12]]
** [[Battle of Tory Island]]: A [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] [[Royal Navy]] [[Squadron (naval)|squadron]], under [[Sir John Borlase Warren, 1st Baronet|Sir John Borlase Warren]], prevents [[French First Republic|French Republic]]an ships, commanded by [[Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart]], from landing reinforcements for the [[Society of United Irishmen]] on the [[County Donegal]] coast; Irish leader [[Wolfe Tone]] is captured and later dies of his wounds. This ends the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]].
** [[Peasants' War (1798)|Peasants War]] against the French occupiers of the [[Southern Netherlands]] begins in [[Overmere]].
* [[October 22]] &ndash; Capitulation of the French garrison at [[Hyderabad]] to [[East India Company]] troops under [[James Achilles Kirkpatrick|James Kirkpatrick]], [[British Resident]].
* [[October 23]] &ndash; The Ottoman–Albanian forces of [[Ali Pasha of Janina]] defeat the [[First French Republic|French]] and capture the town of [[Preveza]] in the [[Battle of Nicopolis (1798)|Battle of Nicopolis]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Curlin | first = James S. | chapter = «Remember the Moment when Previsa fell»: The 1798 Battle of Nicopolis and Preveza | pages = 265–296 | title = Preveza B. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium for the History and Culture of Preveza (16–20 September 2009) | volume = I | location = Preveza | year = 2010 | publisher = University of Ioannina, Municipality of Preveza, Actia Nicopolis Foundation | isbn = 978-960-99475-1-0}}</ref>
* [[October 25]] &ndash; The Ottoman–Albanian forces of [[Ali Pasha of Janina]] capture [[Butrint]] from the [[First French Republic|French]] after a [[Siege of Butrint (1798)|week-long siege]].<ref>{{Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους|volume=11 |last=Moschonas |first=Nikolaos |pages=382–402 |chapter=Τα Ιόνια Νησιά κατά την περίοδο 1797-1821 |trans-chapter=The Ionian Islands in the period 1797-1821}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Corfu (1798–99)|Russo-Ottoman siege]] of [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]], held by the [[First French Republic|French]], begins.
* [[November 8]] &ndash; British [[Whaling|whaler]] [[John Fearn (whaler)|John Fearn]] becomes the first European to land on [[Nauru]].
* [[November 28]] &ndash; Trade between the United States and modern-day Uruguay begins when [[John Leamy (merchant)|John Leamy]]'s frigate ''John'' arrives in [[Montevideo]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chandler|first=Charles L.|date=June 1953|title=Catholic Merchants of Early Philadelphia|journal=Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia|volume=64|issue=2|pages=94–103|jstor=44210305}}</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Peasants' War (1798)|Peasants War]] in the Southern Netherlands: The revolt is crushed in [[Hasselt]]; during the uprising it is estimated that 5,000 to 10,000 people have been killed.
* [[December 6]] &ndash; General [[Barthélemy Catherine Joubert|Joubert]] of the [[Piedmontese Republic]] occupies the Sardinian capital of Turin.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Edward Jenner]] publishes ''An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ'', describing the [[smallpox vaccine]], in London.
* [[Thomas Malthus]] publishes ''[[An Essay on the Principle of Population]]'' (anonymously) in London.
* [[Nathan Mayer Rothschild]] moves from [[Frankfurt]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] to England, settling up in business as a textile trader and financier in [[Manchester]].
* [[Alois Senefelder]] invents [[lithography]].
* The first census in Brazil counts 2 million blacks in a total population of 3.25&nbsp;million.
* The [[Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry]], a [[British Army]] [[Yeomanry]] [[Cavalry]] Regiment, formed by The [[Marquess of Ailsa|Earl of Cassillis]] at [[Culzean Castle]], Ayrshire in 1794, is adopted onto the British [[Army List]].
* The [[platypus]] is first discovered by Europeans.</onlyinclude>