Editing 1789 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>[[File:Le Serment du Jeu de paume.jpg|thumb|right|[[French Revolution]]: [[June 20]]: [[Tennis Court Oath]], drawing by [[Jacques-Louis David|David]].]]
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January]] &ndash; [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] publishes the pamphlet ''[[What Is the Third Estate?]]'' (''{{lang|fr|Qu'est-ce que le tiers-état?}}''), influential on the [[French Revolution]]. 
* [[January 7]] &ndash; The [[1788-89 United States presidential election]] and [[1789 United States House of Representatives elections|House of Representatives elections]] are held.
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Fort Harmar]]: The terms of the [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)]] and the [[Treaty of Fort McIntosh]], between the United States Government and certain native American tribes, are reaffirmed, with some minor changes.
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The first [[American novel]], ''[[The Power of Sympathy]] or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. The anonymous author is [[William Hill Brown]].
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Georgetown University]] is founded in [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown, Maryland]] (part of modern-day Washington, D.C.), as the first [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] college in the United States.
* [[January 29]] &ndash; In [[Vietnam]], Emperor [[Quang Trung]] crushes the Chinese Qing forces in [[Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa|Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa]]. It is considered one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese military history.<ref>Spencer Tucker (1999). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WZry2NaH2_sC&pg=PA20 Vietnam]''. University Press of Kentucky. p. 21.</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[George Washington]] is unanimously elected the first president of the United States, by the [[United States Electoral College]].
* [[February 21]] &ndash; King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] enforces the [[Union and Security Act]], delivering the ''coup de grace'' to [[Sweden]]'s 70-year-old parliamentarian system, in favor of [[absolute monarchy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.svd.se/a/RR2Wyd/radet-som-foll-offer-for-det-gustavianska-envaldet|title=Rådet som föll offer för gustavianska enväldet|publisher=Svenska Dagbladet|author=Dick Harrison|language=Swedish|date=11 January 2020|accessdate=9 November 2024}}</ref>
* [[March]]
**The first version of a graphic description of a slave ship (the ''[[Brookes (ship)|Brookes]]'') is issued on behalf of the English [[Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade]].<ref>{{cite web|title=219 years ago - ''Description of a Slave Ship''|url=http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2008/05/ship_brooks.html|year=2008|work=Rare Book Collections @ Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Library|access-date=2013-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204005129/http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2008/05/ship_brooks.html |archive-date=February 4, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The ''Brookes'' - visualising the transatlantic slave trade|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/museums/brookes.html|work=1807 Commemorated|year=2007|publisher=University of York Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past|access-date=2013-03-19}}</ref>
**In Southern Africa, the [[Xhosa Wars|Second Xhosa War]] between the [[Xhosa people]] and European settlers begins.<ref>George McCall Theal (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=roAZ_axRUkkC&pg=PAPA484 History and Ethnography of Africa South of the Zambesi, from the Settlement of the Portuguese at Sofala in September 1505 to the Conquest of the Cape Colony by the British in September 1795, vol. 3]''. Cambridge University Press.</ref>
* [[March 4]] &ndash; At [[Federal Hall]] in New York City, the [[1st United States Congress]] meets, and declares the new [[United States Constitution]] to be in effect. The [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] United States Congress replaces the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[Congress of the Confederation]], as the [[legislature]] of the [[federal government of the United States]].
* [[March 10]] &ndash; In [[Tokugawa Shogunate|Japan]], the [[Menashi–Kunashir rebellion]] begins between the [[Ainu people]] and Japanese.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=y-0EAQAAIAAJ&q=1789&pg=PA1789 Ampo], vol 18. University of California, 1986.</ref> 
* [[March 11]] &ndash; The [[Venetian arsenal, Corfu|Venetian arsenal]] on the island of [[Corfu]], containing {{convert|72000|lb}} of gunpowder and 600 bombshells, explodes during a fire, killing 180 bystanders and knocking down a seawall.<ref>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being a Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p61</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 1]] &ndash; At Federal Hall, the [[United States House of Representatives]] attains its first [[quorum]], and elects congressman [[Frederick Muhlenberg]] as the first [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]].
* [[April 6]] &ndash; At Federal Hall, the [[United States Senate]] attains its first [[quorum]], and elects [[John Langdon (politician)|John Langdon]] of [[Pennsylvania]] as its first [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]]. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. Presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as President-elect, and John Adams is certified as Vice-President elect.
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Selim III]] (1789–1807) succeeds [[Abdul Hamid I]] (1773–1789) as [[Ottoman Sultan]].
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[John Adams]] takes office as the first vice president of the United States, and begins presiding over the United States Senate.
[[File:Mutiny HMS Bounty.jpg|thumb|right| [[April 28]]: [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']].]]
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]: [[Fletcher Christian]] leads the [[mutiny]] on the British [[Royal Navy]] ship {{HMS|Bounty}} against Captain [[William Bligh]], in the Pacific Ocean.
[[File:Washington's Inauguration.jpg|thumb|right| [[April 30]]: [[George Washington]], inaugurated as the First President of the United States.]]
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[George Washington]] is [[First inauguration of George Washington|inaugurated]] at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first president of the United States.
* [[May 5]] &ndash; In France, the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] convenes for the first time in 175 years, taken as the start of the [[French Revolution]] (1789–[[1799]]).
* [[June]] &ndash; The ''[[Inconfidência Mineira]]'' is the first attempt at Brazilian independence from Portugal.
* [[June 17]] &ndash; In France, representatives of the Third Estate at the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] declare themselves the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]].
* [[June 20]] &ndash; The [[Tennis Court Oath]] is taken in [[Versailles, Yvelines|Versailles]].
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Louis XVI of France]] makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session, and orders the three estates to meet together.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July]]
** An estimated 150,000 of Paris's 600,000 people are without work.
** [[Storofsen flood]] in Norway.
* [[July 1]] &ndash; The comic ballet ''[[La fille mal gardée]]'', choreographed by [[Jean Dauberval]], is first presented under the title ''Le ballet de la paille'', at the [[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux]], at [[Bordeaux]], France.
* [[July 4]] &ndash;  The U.S. Congress passes its first bill, setting out tariffs.<ref name="Harper1789">''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p168-169</ref>
* [[July 9]]
** At [[Versailles, Yvelines|Versailles]], the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]], and begins preparations for what will become the [[French Constitution of 1791]].
** The [[Theatre War]] officially ends in Scandinavia.
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] reaches the [[Mackenzie River]] Delta.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Louis XVI of France]] dismisses popular Chief Minister [[Jacques Necker]].
* [[July 12]] &ndash; An angry Parisian crowd, inflamed by a speech from journalist [[Camille Desmoulins]], demonstrates against the King's decision to dismiss Minister Necker.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; The people begin to seize arms for the defense of Paris.
* [[July 14]] 
** [[French Revolution]]: [[Storming of the Bastille]] &ndash; Citizens of Paris storm the fortress of the [[Bastille]], and free the only seven prisoners held. In rural areas, peasants attack the manors of the nobility.
** Survivors of the [[Mutiny on the Bounty|mutiny on the ''Bounty'']], including Captain [[William Bligh]] and 18 others, reach [[Timor]] after a nearly {{convert|4000|mi|km|adj=on}} journey in an open boat.
* [[July 27]] &ndash; The first agency of the [[Federal government of the United States]] under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs <ref name="Harper1789"/> (on [[September 15]] renamed the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]), is established.
* [[August 4]] &ndash; In France, members of the Constituent Assembly take an oath to end [[feudalism]] and abandon their privileges.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The [[United States Department of War]] is established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/highlights.html?action=view&intID=192 |publisher=clerk.house.gov |title=The establishment of the Department of War |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307094403/http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/highlights.html?action=view&intID=192 |archive-date=March 7, 2011 }}</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; The [[Liège Revolution]] breaks out in the [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]].
* [[August 21]] &ndash; A proposal for a [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] is adopted by the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Freedom of Religion, the First Amendment, and the Supreme Court: How the Court Flunked History|last=Adamson|first=Barry|year=2008|page=93|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=9781455604586|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tgw-rCrNYacC&pg=PA93}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 1789-1793|page=85|date=August 21, 1789|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(hj001139)):}}</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; The first [[Battle of Svensksund (1789)|naval battle of the Svensksund]] begins in the [[Gulf of Finland]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mattila |first1=Tapani |title=Meri maamme turvana |trans-title=Sea safeguarding our country |year=1983 |publisher=K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö |location=Jyväskylä |language=Finnish |isbn=951-99487-0-8 }}</ref>
* [[August 26]] &ndash; The ''[[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]'' is proclaimed in France by the Constituent Assembly.
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[William Herschel]] discovers [[Enceladus]], one of [[Saturn]]'s moons.
* [[September 2]] &ndash; The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] is founded.<ref name="Harper1789"/>
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Alexander Hamilton]] is appointed as the first [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]].
* [[September 22]]
**[[Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)]] &ndash; [[Battle of Rymnik]]: [[Alexander Suvorov]] roundly defeats 100,000 Turks.
**The United States Department of the Post Office is established.<ref name="Harper1789"/>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; The [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] establishes the federal judiciary, and the [[United States Marshals Service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=VideoArticle&id=5371|title=The First Supreme Court|publisher=[[History.com]]|access-date=2008-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501183241/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=VideoArticle&id=5371 |archive-date=May 1, 2009 }}</ref>
* [[September 25]] &ndash; The [[United States Congress]] proposes a set of 12 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, for ratification by the states.<ref name="Harper1789"/> Ratification for 10 of these proposals is completed on December 5, 1791, creating the [[United States Bill of Rights]].
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Thomas Jefferson]], U.S. Minister to France, is appointed as the first U.S. Secretary of State.<ref name="Harper1789"/>
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular [[United States Army|army]], with a strength of several hundred men.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Women's March on Versailles]]: Some 7,000 women march {{convert|12|mi|km}} from Paris to the royal [[Palace of Versailles]] to demand action over high bread prices.
* [[October 10]] &ndash; Physician [[Joseph-Ignace Guillotin]] proposes to the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|French National Assembly]] the adoption of more humane and egalitarian forms of [[capital punishment]], including use of the [[guillotine]].
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Brabant Revolution]]: Brabant revolutionaries cross the border from the [[Dutch Republic]] into the [[Austrian Netherlands]]; the first public reading of the [[Manifesto of the People of Brabant]] declares the independence of the Austrian Netherlands.
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Turnhout (1789)|Battle of Turnhout]]: The Austrian army is beaten by [[Brabant Revolution|Brabant revolutionaries]].
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Decree on the goods of the clergy placed at the disposal of the Nation]] passed by the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]].
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius VI]] creates the first diocese in the United States at Baltimore, and appoints [[John Carroll (bishop)|John Carroll]] the first [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]] in the United States.
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[New Jersey]] ratifies the [[United States Bill of Rights]], the first [[U.S. state|state]] to do so.
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[North Carolina]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]], and becomes the 12th [[U.S. state]].<ref name="Harper1789"/>
* [[November 26]] &ndash; A national [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]] is observed in the United States, as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress.
* [[December 11]] &ndash; The [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]], the  oldest [[public university]] in the United States, is founded.
* [[December 23]] &ndash; A leaflet circulated in France accuses the [[Thomas de Mahy, marquis de Favras|Marquis de Favras]] of plotting to rescue the royal family.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]], decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments.
* The [[Qajar dynasty]] establish themselves as rulers in [[Qajar Iran|Iran]].
* The ''[[Traité Élémentaire de Chimie]]'' (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry), an influential chemistry textbook by [[Antoine Lavoisier]], is published; translated into English in [[1790]], it comes to be considered the first modern chemical textbook.
* German chemist [[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]] discovers the element [[uranium]], while studying the mineral [[pitchblende]].
* The [[Bengal Presidency]] first establishes a [[penal colony]], in the [[Andaman Islands]].
* [[Famines in Ethiopia|Famine in Ethiopia]].
* [[Thomas Jefferson]] returns from Europe, bringing the first ''[[macaroni]]'' machine to the United States.
* Influenced by [[Benjamin Rush]]'s argument against the excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community form a [[temperance movement in the United States]].
* [[Fort Washington (Cincinnati, Ohio)]] is built to protect early U.S. settlements in the [[Northwest Territory]].
* Former slave [[Olaudah Equiano]]'s autobiography ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'', one of the earliest published works by a black writer, is published in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|title=BBC History British History Timeline|access-date=2007-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909012414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml |archive-date=2007-09-09<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* ''[[Peggy of Castletown|Peggy]]'' of [[Castletown, Isle of Man]], the world's oldest surviving private [[yacht]], is built.
* The pedal-powered [[tricycle]] is invented by two Frenchmen, Blanchard and Maguier.</onlyinclude>