Editing 1730 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 30]] (January 19 O.S.) &ndash; At dawn, Emperor [[Peter II of Russia]] dies of [[smallpox]], aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage.
* [[February 26]] (February 15 O.S.) &ndash; [[Anna of Russia]] (Anna Ioannovna) becomes reigning [[Empress of Russia]] following the death of her cousin Emperor [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]]. 
* [[February 28]] &ndash; [[Vitus Bering]] returns to the Russian capital of [[Saint Petersburg]] after completing the [[First Kamchatka expedition]]. 
* [[March 5]] &ndash; The [[1730 papal conclave]] to elect a new Pope for the Roman Catholic church begins with 30 Cardinals, 12 days after the death of [[Pope Benedict XIII]]. By the time his successor is elected on July 12, there are 56 Cardinals.
* [[March 9]] &ndash; General [[Nader Shah|Nader Khan]] of [[Persia]] opens the first campaign of the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)]], guiding the Persian Army from [[Shiraz]] and starting the [[Western Persia campaign of 1730|Western Persia Campaign]] against the Ottoman Empire.
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[John Glas]] is deposed from the [[Church of Scotland]]; the [[Glasite]] sect forms around him.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pocket Date Book|url=https://archive.org/details/pocketdatebooko00categoog|publisher=Chapman and Hall|first=William L. R.|last=Cates|author-link=William Leist Readwin Cates|year=1863}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; The establishment by [[Thomas Cresap]] of [[Wright's Ferry]] under the authority of the [[Province of Pennsylvania]]<ref name=Egle>William H. Egle, ''History of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Civil, Political and Military from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Including Historical Descriptions of Each County in the State, Their Towns, and Industrial Resources'' (E.M. Gardner Co., 1883) p322</ref> becomes the basis for [[Cresap's War]], a nine-year-long conflict also known as the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute; the conflict mainly centers in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania]] and [[York County, Pennsylvania]] on either bank of the [[Susquehanna River]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Congregation Shearith Israel]], the first [[synagogue]] in [[New York City]], is dedicated.
* [[May 9]] (April 28 O.S.) &ndash; The coronation of [[Anna of Russia]] as [[Empress of Russia]] takes place in [[Saint Petersburg]]. 
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend]], retires from his role in the government of Great Britain, leaving [[Robert Walpole]] as sole and undisputed leader of the Cabinet (i.e., prime minister). In the new [[Walpole ministry]], [[Sir William Strickland, 4th Baronet]], becomes Secretary at War, and [[Henry Pelham]] is Paymaster of the Forces; [[Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington]] briefly becomes Lord Privy Seal.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; Enslaved woman [[Sally Basset]] is put on trial for murder in [[Bermuda]]; she will eventually be convicted and [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]].
* [[June 19]] &ndash; At the urging of [[Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet|Sir William Gooch]], the [[Virginia House of Burgesses]] passes the [[Tobacco Inspection Act of 1730|Virginia Tobacco Inspection Act]] to regulate the quality of [[Tobacco in the American Colonies|tobacco in Virginia]], 46 to 5.<ref>Daniel Avery, [https://kar.kent.ac.uk/72161/1/141ConfirmationCopy.pdf ''United Interests: William Gooch, the Frontier, and the Politics of Virginia, 1720-1750'']{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (University of Kent, 2019) p31</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/misc/tob_ware.txt |format=TXT |title=Virginia Public Tobacco Warehouses, 1730/31 |website=Files.usgwararchives.net |access-date=2016-01-05 |archive-date=June 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604082810/http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/misc/tob_ware.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; French explorer Alphonse de Pontevez, commanding the frigate ''Le Lys'', claims an [[Indian Ocean]] [[atoll]] for France and names it after himself as the [[Alphonse Atoll]]. The next day, he claims and names the [[St. François Atoll]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[1730 Valparaíso earthquake]]: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.1 strikes [[Valparaíso]], in modern-day [[Chile]] but at this time in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]].
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[1730 papal conclave|papal conclave]] selects Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini over Cardinal [[Pietro Marcellino Corradini]] as the successor to [[Pope Benedict XIII]]. Corsini becomes [[Pope Clement XII]] as the 246th [[pope]].
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Maria Madlener becomes the last person to be executed after the [[Galgeninsel]] witch trials in [[Bavaria]], and is beheaded by sword.
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Frederick the Great|Prince Frederick of Prussia]], the eldest son of King [[Frederick William I of Prussia|Frederick William]] and a high-ranking officer, attempts to flee to England after deserting the Prussian Army and is captured along with his fellow officer [[Hans Hermann von Katte]]. Katte is executed, and Crown Prince Frederick is imprisoned at [[Küstrin]] (modern-day [[Kostrzyn nad Odrą]] in [[Poland]]) for a year before being forgiven by his father. Prince Frederick later succeeds his father as King and will be remembered as [[Frederick the Great]].<ref name=Durant>Will Durant and Ariel Durant, ''The Story of Civilization, Volume IX: The Age of Voltaire'' (Simon & Schuster, 1965)</ref> 
* [[August 12]] &ndash; General [[Nader Shah|Nader Khan]] of [[Persia]] captures [[Tabriz]] from the Ottoman Empire, bringing an end to the [[Western Persia campaign of 1730|Western Persia Campaign]], the first major action in the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)]]. Tabriz becomes a permanent part of Iran. Nader leaves the city four days later to begin the [[Herat Campaign of 1731]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; French Protestant [[Marie Durand]] is imprisoned in the Tower of Constance at [[Aigues-Mortes]] for her defiance of the Roman Catholic government, and is kept captive for the next 38 years. During her incarceration, she continues to resist converting to Catholicism as a condition of release. She is finally set free on April 14, 1768 and lives 8 more years.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; A volcano erupts on [[Lanzarote]], the easternmost of the [[Canary Islands]] and threatens the Spanish inhabitants. On [[Gran Canaria]], the regent of the islands reports to Madrid that the flames are visible even from {{convert|130|mi}} away.<ref name=Scarth>Alwyn Scarth, ''Volcanoes: An Introduction'' (Taylor & Francis, 2004)</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Mahmud I]] (d. [[1754]]) succeeds [[Ahmed III]] (ruled since [[1703]]) as [[Ottoman Emperor]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 22]] &ndash; Construction of the [[Ladoga Canal]], linking the [[Neva River|Neva]] and [[Svir River]]s, one of the first major navigable [[canal]]s constructed in [[Russia]], is completed.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; After being convicted of treason for attempting to desert the [[Prussian Army]] with Crown Prince [[Frederick the Great|Frederick]], [[Hans Hermann von Katte]] is beheaded at the [[Küstrin]] Prison. Frederick's father, King [[Frederick William I of Prussia|Frederick William]], forces the prince to watch the execution.<ref name=Durant/>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The first documented notice in North America about [[freemasonry]] is published in ''[[The Pennsylvania Gazette]]'' in an article by its publisher, [[Benjamin Franklin]].<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Michael Baigent|author-link1=Michael Baigent|author2=Richard Leigh|author-link2=Richard Leigh (author)|title=The Temple and the Lodge|title-link=The Temple and the Lodge|publisher=[[Random House]]|year=2013|page=274}}</ref>
* [[December 27]] &ndash; The [[Dutch East India Company]] ends an almost 11-year effort of trying to maintain a colony around [[Delagoa Bay]] in southern Africa in modern-day [[Mozambique]]. The entire population of the settlement, Fort Lydzammheid (near modern-day [[Maputo]]) is evacuated by the ships ''Snuffelaar'', ''Zeepost'' and ''Feyenoord'' and the group returns to [[Cape Town]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Tim Couzens|author-link=Tim Couzens|title=Battles of South Africa|publisher=David Phillip Publishers|year=2004|page=16}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* [[Missouria|The Missouria tribe]] is almost destroyed when hundreds are killed in an attack by the [[Meskwaki|Meskwawi]] and [[Sauk people|Sauk]].</onlyinclude>