Editing 1705 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January&ndash;March===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]]'s first opera, ''[[Almira]]'', is premiered in Hamburg.
* [[January 31]] &ndash; The ''Hester'', a British 28-gun sailing ship with a crew of 70, is lost in Persia.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Twelfth siege of Gibraltar]]: Marshal [[René de Froulay de Tessé]] of the French Army supplements the Spanish forces of the [[Francisco Castillo Fajardo, Marquis of Villadarias|Marquis of Villadarias]] and seizes control of a strategic fortress, the Round Tower, but the forces retreat after a counterattack kills 200 of their number in the retaking of the Tower.
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]]'s opera ''[[Handel%27s_lost_Hamburg_operas#Nero|Nero]]'' premieres in [[Hamburg]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lang|first=Paul Henry|title=George Frideric Handel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aK8AQAAQBAJ|publisher=Dover Publications|location=New York|year=1996|page=35|isbn= 0-486-29227-4}}</ref>
* [[February 26]] &ndash; Twelfth siege of Gibraltar: A French Navy fleet of 18 warships, commanded by [[Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis|Admiral Desjean, the Baron de Pointis]] arrives in the [[Bay of Gibraltar]] to aid the French and Spanish attempt to retake Gibraltar from England. 
* [[March 8]] &ndash; The [[Province of Carolina]] incorporates the town of [[Bath, North Carolina|Bath]], making it the first incorporated town in modern-day [[North Carolina]]. The town becomes the political center and de facto capital of the northern portion of the [[Province of Carolina]] until [[Edenton, North Carolina|Edenton]] is incorporated in [[1722]]. 
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] gives [[royal assent]] to the [[Parliament of England]]'s [[Alien Act 1705]], setting a deadline of December 25, 1705, for Scotland's parliament to authorize negotiations for a [[Treaty of Union]] with England to create the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] and threatening that unless Scotland agrees to negotiate terms for union and accepts the Hanoverian succession by December 25, there would be a ban on the import of all Scottish staple products into England and Scots would also lose the privileges of Englishmen under English law – thus endangering rights to any property they held in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/westminster-passes-the-alien-act-1705 |title=Parliament Passes the Alien Act 1705 |publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref><ref>G. W. T. Ormond, ''Fletcher of Saltoun'' (Oliphant, Anderson, & Ferrier, 1897) p. 107.</ref> 
* [[March 31]] (March 20 O.S.) &ndash; The [[Twelfth siege of Gibraltar]] ends as a fleet of warships from the navies of England, Portugal and the Netherlands, commanded by English Admiral [[John Leake]], arrives at the Bay of Gibraltar with 35 warships and English and Portuguese troops. In the battle that follows, five of the French Navy's ships are sunk and Admiral Desjean is seriously wounded, forcing the French and Spanish to retreat.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne, Queen of England]] dissolves the [[1st Parliament of Queen Anne|English House of Commons]] that had been elected in 1702, and orders new elections.
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[His Majesty's Theatre, London|The Queen's Theatre]] is opened in London by [[John Vanbrugh]] and [[William Congreve]], serving as an [[opera house]], premiering with ''Gli amori di ergasto'' ("The Loves of Ergasto"), an Italian language opera by German composer [[Jakob Greber|Jakob "Giacomo" Greber]]. A theatre remains in operation on this site for more than 300 years, becoming Her Majesty's Theatre.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cambridge History of British Theatre|volume=2: 1660 to 1895|editor=Donohue, Joseph|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-65068-7|chapter=Chronology|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4aY4xd0q6kC&pg=PR19}}</ref>
* [[April 16]] &ndash; Queen Anne of England honours [[Isaac Newton]] with the title of [[Knight Bachelor]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]] succeeds his father [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] as [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1705 |title=Historical Events for Year 1705 &#124; OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref>
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[1705 English general election]]: Voting begins for 110 constituencies of the 513-member [[House of Commons of England]] (including [[Wales]]) 
* [[June 6]] &ndash; Voting ends in the [[1705 English general election|English general election]], with the Tories retaining their majority in the House of Commons but losing 38 seats, while the Whigs gain 49 seats. The balance in the 513 seats is 260 for the Tories, 233 for the Whigs, 20 for other candidates.
* [[June 20]] &ndash; The [[Pact of Genoa]] is signed by representatives of [[England]] and the Spanish [[Principality of Catalonia]] as a military alliance providing for English troops to be stationed in [[Catalonia]] as part of the [[War of Spanish Succession]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[José de Grimaldo]], the Marquis of Grimaldo, becomes the head of government of Spain after being appointed by [[Philip V of Spain|King Philip V]] as the Secretary of the Universal Bureau.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The newly-elected [[2nd Parliament of Queen Anne]] in England, last to serve before the union with Scotland that produces Great Britain, is opened by the Queen.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Al-Husayn I ibn Ali]] becomes the first [[Bey of Tunis]], founding the [[Husainid dynasty]] that rules Tunisia until the abolition of the monarchy in [[1957]].
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: The [[Battle of Elixheim]] is fought near the city of [[Tienen]] (in modern-day Belgium). A troop of soldiers under the command of England's [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]] kills 3,000 French troops under the command of the [[François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy|Duc de Valleroy]] and forces the retreat of the others, breaking the "Lines of Brabant". Because his soldiers have marched all night and then fought the battle over a full day, Marlborough is unable to send them in pursuit of Villeroy's troops.
* [[July 20]] &ndash; The planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] [[Planetary transits and occultations|transits]] [[Jupiter]], as seen by astronomers from Earth. The event happens again on October 4, [[1708]], but will not be seen again from Earth until October 27, [[2088]]
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Great Northern War]]: At the [[Battle of Gemauerthof]], fought in modern-day [[Latvia]], Swedish forces under the command of General [[Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt]] overwhelm a much larger force of Russian troops commanded by Count [[Boris Sheremetev]], killing 2,000 Russians and wounding as many as 3,000.
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Warsaw (1705)|Battle of Warsaw]] is fought near Warsaw, Poland, in the [[Great Northern War]].
* [[August 16]]&ndash;[[August 18|18]] &ndash; In an Atlantic [[tropical cyclone]] across Cuba and Florida, four ships are lost and there are many casualties.
* [[August 31]]&ndash;[[September 5]] &ndash; [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: The [[Siege of Zoutleeuw]] is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of [[Zoutleeuw]] (in modern-day Belgium).
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[First Javanese War of Succession]]: On the island of [[Java]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]] (modern-day [[Indonesia]]), [[Pakubuwono I]] becomes the new [[Mataram Sultanate|Sultan of Martaram]], capturing [[Kartosuro]] and deposing [[Amangkurat III of Mataram|Sultan Amangkurat III]].
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Francis II Rákóczi]] is proclaimed as the ruler of Hungary by independence activists in [[Szécsény]] who are opposed to the rule of the Habsburg successor to Leopold I, the Holy Roman emperor Joseph I.
* [[September 24]] (O.S.) &ndash; [[Stanisław Leszczyński]] is crowned as [[King of Poland]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* c. [[October 3]] &ndash; 31 people are killed in a colliery explosion at the Stony Flatt pit in [[Gateshead]] on Tyneside in England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gateshead Colliery Explosion|url=https://nmrs.org.uk/mines-map/accidents-disasters/northumberland/gateshead-colliery-explosion-gateshead-1705/|publisher=Northern Mine Research Society|accessdate=2025-04-03}}</ref>
* [[October 4]] (N.S.) &ndash; [[Stanisław Leszczyński]] is crowned Stanisław I of Poland.
* [[November]] &ndash; In [[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]], capital of the [[Colony of Virginia]] in America, construction of [[Capitol (Williamsburg, Virginia)|the Capitol Building]] is completed.
* [[November 5]] &ndash; The ''[[Dublin Gazette]]'' in Ireland publishes its first edition.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of Zsibó]]: The [[Austrians|Austrian]]-[[Danes|Danish]] forces defeat the [[Kuruc]]s ([[Hungarians]]).
* [[November 16]] &ndash; An annular [[solar eclipse]] is visible in the southern [[Atlantic Ocean]].
* [[November 23]] &ndash; The premiere of the play ''[[Ulysses (play)|Ulysses]]'' by [[Nicholas Rowe (writer)|Nicholas Rowe]] takes place in London, starring [[Thomas Betterton]].
* [[November 24]] &ndash; An earthquake is recorded in [[Syria]], northeast of [[Damascus]].
* [[November 28]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Warsaw (1705)|Treaty of Warsaw]] is concluded between the [[Swedish Empire]] and [[Warsaw Confederation (1704)|the faction of]] the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] loyal to [[Stanisław Leszczyński]] during the [[Great Northern War]].
* [[December 13]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705)|Battle of Saint Gotthard]], the Hungarian army is victorious.
* [[December 21]] &ndash; The [[Sophia Naturalization Act 1705|Sophia Naturalization Act]] is passed by the [[Parliament of England]], which [[Naturalization|naturalizes]] [[Sophia of Hanover]] (next in [[succession to the British throne]]) and the Protestant "issue of her body" as [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] subjects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/revolution/collections1/parliamentary-collections/princess-sophia-act|title=Princess Sophia's Naturalization Act, 1705|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=2025-04-03|archive-date=2020-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133152/https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/revolution/collections1/parliamentary-collections/princess-sophia-act|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[December 25]] &ndash; In [[Munich]], capital of [[Bavaria]], 1,100 militiamen from the [[Oberland (Bayern)|Oberland]] are killed during the [[Sendlinger Mordweihnacht]] after a failed attempt to break through several gates and capture a depot to seize better weaponry; many men are slaughtered by German federal infantry and Hungarian Hussars, despite their capitulation to [[Austria]]n officers.
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Fateh Singh (Sikhism)|Fateh Singh]] and [[Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)|Zorawar Singh]], sons of [[Guru Gobind Singh]], are murdered by Wazir Khan for refusing to convert to Islam, and become hallowed martyrs in Sikhism.
* [[December 29]] &ndash; The premiere of the play ''Idoménée'' by [[Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon]] takes place in Paris.

=== Date unknown ===
* Construction begins on [[Blenheim Palace]] in [[Oxfordshire]] designed by [[John Vanbrugh]] for the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]] and partly funded by the Crown.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref> It is completed in [[1724 in Great Britain|1724]].
* [[Taichung City]], [[Taiwan]] is founded as the village of Dadun.
* [[Edmond Halley]] publicly predicts the periodicity of [[Halley's Comet]] and computes its expected path of return in [[1758]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Edmond|last=Halley|title=Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae}}</ref>
* With the interest paid from ''[[daimyō]]'' loans, the Konoike buy a tract of ponds and swampland, turn the land into rice paddies, and settle 480 households numbering perhaps 2,880 peasants on the land.
* The [[Shogunate]] confiscates the property of a merchant in [[Osaka]] "for conduct unbecoming a member of the commercial class". The government seizes 50 pairs of gold screens, 360 carpets, several mansions, 48 granaries and warehouses scattered around the country, and hundreds of thousands of gold pieces.</onlyinclude>