Editing 1700 (section)

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] –  [[Protestantism|Protestant]] nations in [[Western Europe]], except [[Kingdom of England|England]], start using the [[Gregorian calendar]].  [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in [[1582]] by [[Pope Gregory XIII]].
* [[January 1]] (Julian) (January 11, Gregorian) – The [[Tsardom of Russia]] begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ ([[Anno Domini]]), instead of since the Creation ([[Anno Mundi]]).
* [[January 26]] – At approximately 9&nbsp;p.m., the [[1700 Cascadia earthquake|Cascadia earthquake]] occurs in the [[Pacific Northwest]], with an estimated [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] of 8.7–9.2. This [[megathrust earthquake]] ruptures about {{convert|1000|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=off}} of the [[Cascadia Subduction Zone]] and causes a [[tsunami]] that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.
* [[February 3]] – The 'Lesser Great Fire' destroys a substantial part of central [[Edinburgh]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ian|last=Colville|title=The Lesser Great Fire of 1700 in Edinburgh|url=http://iainthepict.blogspot.com/2011/02/lesser-great-fire-of-1700-in-edinburgh.html|work=On this day in Scotland|date=2011-02-08|access-date=2011-11-21}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] – The [[Great Northern War]] begins with a joint invasion of [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] territory in [[Holy Roman Empire|Germany]] and [[Latvia]], by [[Denmark–Norway|Denmark]] and [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]]/[[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]]. Sweden has control of the [[Baltic Sea]] and holds territory that includes Finland, [[Estonia]], Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge its power, an alliance is formed between Tsar [[Peter I of Russia]], King [[Frederick IV of Denmark]] and [[Augustus II the Strong]], King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Sweden's ruler is the militaristic [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]], known as the "Swedish Meteor".
* [[February 27]] – The island of [[New Britain]] is discovered by [[William Dampier]], in the western Pacific.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[March 1]] (Gregorian) – Protestant [[Holy Roman Empire|Germany]] and [[Denmark–Norway]] adopt the [[Gregorian calendar]].
* [[March 1]] (Swedish), [[March 11]] (Gregorian), [[February 29]] (Julian) – The [[Swedish calendar]] is adopted.
* [[March]] (early) – [[William Congreve]]'s comedy ''[[The Way of the World]]'' is first performed in London.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology289">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/289 289]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/289}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama|volume=4|first=Stanley|last=Hochman|page=542}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-link=Samuel Johnson|first=Samuel|last=Johnson|quote=Probably produced in the first week of March, 1700, as the book of the play was published March 28th, 1700.|title=Lives of the Poets|volume=2|page=213, n.2|year=1799}}</ref>
* [[March 3]] – [[Shivaji II]] accedes to the throne of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] as the 4th Chhatrapati after his father [[Rajaram I]]'s death. 
* [[March 24]] – The [[Treaty of London (1700)|Treaty of London]] is signed between [[Kingdom of France|France]], [[Kingdom of England|England]] and the [[Dutch Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/ps1713.htm|title=The House Laws of the German Habsburgs|access-date=2011-11-21}}</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 15]] – The coronation of King [[Frederick IV of Denmark]] takes place at [[Frederiksborg Castle]] in [[Copenhagen]].
* [[April 18]] – Hungarian freedom activist [[Francis II Rákóczi|Ferenc Rákóczi]] is arrested by Austrian authorities and charged with sedition.  Imprisoned near [[Vienna]] and facing a death sentence, he escapes and later leads the overthrow of the Habsburg control of Hungary.
* [[April 21]] – In [[India]], the siege of the fortress of [[Sajjangad]] (located in the [[Maharashtra]] state) is begun by an army led by Fateullahakhan.  The fortress falls on June 6.
* [[April]] – Fire destroys many buildings in [[Gondar]], the capital of [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]], including two in the palace complex.
* [[May 5]] – Within a few days of poet [[John Dryden]]'s death in London ([[May 1]] O.S.), his last written work (''[[The Secular Masque]]'') is performed as part of [[John Vanbrugh|Vanbrugh]]'s version of ''[[The Pilgrim (play)|The Pilgrim]]''.
* [[May]] – In [[Rhode Island]] (American colony), [[Walter Clarke (governor)|Walter Clarke]], three-term former [[List of colonial governors of Rhode Island|Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]], is elected deputy governor for the second time, serving under his brother-in-law [[Samuel Cranston]].
* [[June 8]] (May 28 O.S.) – The legislature for the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] (the modern-day Commonwealth of [[Massachusetts]] in the United States) passes into law "An Act against Jesuits & Popish Priests" making a finding that Roman Catholic clerics have attempted to incite American Indians into a rebellion against the Crown, and declaring "That all and every Jesuit, Seminary Priest, Missionary, or other Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Person made or ordained by any Authority, Power or Jurisdiction derived, challenged or pretended from the Pope or See of Rome, now residing within this Province or any part thereof, shall depart from and out of the same, at or before the tenth day of September next, in this present year, One Thousand and Seven Hundred."<ref>[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N00762.0001.001/1:1.1?rgn=div2;view=fulltext "Acts and Laws, Passed by the Great and General Court or Assembly of His Majesties Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England"], Evans Early American Imprint Collection.</ref> The [[Province of New York]] enacts similar legislation later in the year.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 11]] – The [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]] is founded, with [[Gottfried Leibniz]] as president.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/Berlin.html|title=Berlin Academy of Science|last1=O'Connor|first1=John J.|first2=Edmund F.|last2=Robertson |work=MacTutor History of Mathematics|access-date=21 November 2011<!--Added by DASHBot-->|date=August 2004}}</ref>
* [[July 24]] – [[Charles XII of Sweden]] counter-attacks his enemies by invading [[Zealand]] (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir [[George Rooke]], rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace.<ref>Anthony Guggenberger, ''A General History of the Christian Era: The Social Revolution'' (B. Herder, 1906) p. 16.</ref>
* [[July 30]] – Eleven-year-old [[Prince William, Duke of Gloucester]], dies of "a malignant fever" at [[Windsor Castle]], leaving the Protestant [[succession to the British throne]] in doubt.
* [[August 18]] ([[August 7]] [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) – The [[Peace of Travendal]] is concluded between the [[Swedish Empire]], [[Denmark–Norway]] and [[Holstein-Gottorp]] in [[Traventhal]]. On the same day, [[Augustus II the Strong|Augustus II]], [[King of Poland]], and [[Peter the Great]], [[Tsar of Russia]], enter the war against Sweden.
* [[September 6]] – [[Edmond Halley]] returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on [[HMS Paramour (1694)|HMS ''Paramour'']], from which he has observed the [[Antarctic Convergence]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Gurney|title=Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699-1839|publisher=Norton|location=New York|year=1997|isbn=0-393-03949-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/belowconvergence0000gurn}}</ref> and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in ''General Chart of the Variation of the Compass''.
* [[September 12]] – [[Antioh Cantemir]] is deposed as the [[List of rulers of Moldavia|voivode of Moldavia]] and replaced by his predecessor [[Constantine Ducas]].
* [[September 13]]-[[September 14|14]] – The [[List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 18th century|Rising-sun hurricane of 1700]] strikes the coast of [[South Carolina]], killing 98.
* [[September 27]] – [[Pope Innocent XII]] dies at the age of 85 after a tenure of more than nine years.  [[Fabrizio Spada]], the [[Cardinal Secretary of State]], assumes administration of the Roman Catholic Church in order to oversee the election of a new Pope.
* [[September]] – A Russian army invades [[Swedish Estonia]], and besieges the town of [[Narva]].<ref>Lindsey Hughes, ''Peter the Great: A Biography'' (Yale University Press, 1998) p. 63.</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 3]] – The [[Battle of Jouami' al-Ulama]] takes place in [[Algeria]] with a surprise attack and ambush on the army of Murad III [[List of beys of Tunis|Bey of Tunis]] by two Algerian defenders, Hadj Mustapha, [[List of governors and rulers of the Regency of Algiers|Dey of Algiers]] and Ahmed ben Ferhat, [[Beylik of Constantine]].
* [[October 16]] – [[Patriarch Adrian of Moscow|Adrian, Patriarch of All Russia]], dies after more than 10 years as head of the Russian Orthodox Church. He is replaced by the hand-picked choice of Tsar [[Church reform of Peter the Great|Peter the Great]] with the appointment of Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky as Patriarch [[Stefan Yavorsky|Stefan]].
* [[November 1]] – [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], the last Spanish king of the [[House of Habsburg]], dies at the [[Royal Alcazar of Madrid]] aged 38, leaving no children; his last will makes [[Philip V of Spain|Philip of Anjou]] his heir.
* [[November 15]] – [[Louis XIV]] of France accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson [[Philip of Anjou]] of the [[House of Bourbon]], who becomes Philip V of Spain (reigning for 44 years – with a short break – to [[1746]]), thus triggering the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] ([[1701]]–[[1714]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Maximilian Samson Friedrich|last=Schoell|title=Cours d'histoire des états européens depuis le bouleversement de l'Empire romain d'Occident jusqu'en 1789|volume=7|publisher=de l'imprimerie royale et chez Duncker et Humblot|year=1832|page=306|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVMTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA306|via=Google Books|access-date=2023-03-19}}</ref>
* [[November 18]] – [[Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)|Lithuanian Civil War]]: [[Battle of Valkininkai (1700)|Battle of Valkininkai]] &ndash; The anti-[[Sapieha]] coalition is victorious.
* [[November 23]] – Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, having been ordained as a Roman Catholic priest only two months earlier, is elected by the [[Papal conclave, 1700|Papal conclave]] to succeed [[Pope Innocent XII]], and becomes the 243rd [[pope]], taking the name of [[Pope Clement XI|Clement XI]].
[[File:Narva (Gustaf Cederström) - Nationalmuseum - 18638.tif|thumb|right|[[November 30]]: [[Battle of Narva (1700)|Battle of Narva]]]]
* [[November 30]] ([[November 19]] [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]; November 20 [[Swedish calendar]]) – [[Battle of Narva (1700)|Battle of Narva]] in Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to [[Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)|Estonia]], [[Charles XII of Sweden]] routs the huge Russian army.
* [[December 8]] – The formal coronation of [[Pope Clement XI]] takes place in Rome.
* [[December 28]] – [[Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester]], [[Lord President of the Council]] in charge of the Privy Council, is appointed to the additional job of [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], the highest Crown official in charge of administration of Ireland.
* [[December 30]] (December 19, O.S.) – The [[4th Parliament of King William III]] in England is dissolved and new elections are ordered by the King.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]] is founded in [[New Spain]] near [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], as a [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] [[Roman Catholic]] mission. Its location had first been scouted by the Spanish in 1692.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.sanxaviermission.org/history|publisher=San Xavier del Bac Mission|location=Tucson|accessdate=2023-03-19}}</ref>
* An inventory made for the [[House of Medici]] of [[Florence]] is the first documentary evidence for a [[piano]], invented by their instrument keeper [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]].
* An English translation of the novel ''[[Don Quixote]]'', "translated from the original by many hands and published by [[Peter Anthony Motteux|Peter Motteux]]", begins publication in London. While popular among readers, it will eventually come to be known as one of the worst translations of the novel, totally betraying the spirit of [[Miguel de Cervantes]]'s masterpiece.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://cervantes.tamu.edu/english/ctxt/DonQ-JohnOrmsby/DonQ-JohnOrmsby.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823072058/http://cervantes.tamu.edu/english/ctxt/DonQ-JohnOrmsby/DonQ-JohnOrmsby.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-08-23|title=Don Quixote|author-link=John Ormsby (translator)|first=John|last=Ormesby|chapter=Translator's Preface: About this translation}}</ref>
* The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy is £3.9&nbsp;million.
* Approximate date – [[Lion]]s become extinct in [[Libya]].