Editing 1683 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; The [[Brandenburger Gold Coast|Brandenburger-African Company]], of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the [[Ahanta people|Ahanta]] tribe (in modern-day [[Ghana]]), to establish the fort and settlement of Groß Friedrichsburg, in honor of [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]]. The location is later renamed [[Princes Town, Ghana|Princes Town]], also called Pokesu.
* [[January 6]] &ndash; The tragic opera ''[[Phaëton (Lully)|Phaëton]]'', written by [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] and [[Philippe Quinault]], is premiered at the [[Palace of Versailles]].
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Gove's Rebellion]] breaks out in the [[Province of New Hampshire]] in North America as a revolt against the Royal Governor, [[Edward Cranfield]].  Most of the participants, and their leader Edward Gove, are arrested. Gove is convicted of treason but pardoned three years later.
* [[February 7]] &ndash; The opera ''[[Giustino (Legrenzi)|Giustino]]'' by [[Giovanni Legrenzi]] and about the life of the [[Justin I|Byzantine Emperor Justin]], premieres in [[Venice]]. 
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten|Ageng Tirtayasa]], Sultan of [[Banten Sultanate|Banten]] on the island of [[Java]] (part of modern-day Indonesia), is captured by soldiers hired by the [[Dutch East India Company]].
* [[March 17]] &ndash; In a battle at [[Kalyan]] (near [[Mumbai|Bombay]]) between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire in India, Maratha General [[Hambirrao Mohite]] defeats the local Mughal official, Ranamast Khan.
* [[March 22]] &ndash; Great fire in [[Newmarket, Suffolk]], England, consuming half the houses and forcing [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]] (who is in residence) to flee the town.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Fires, Great|title=The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance|editor-first=Cornelius|editor-last=Walford|publisher=C. & E. Layton|year=1876|page=44}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; Authorized representatives of King [[John III Sobieski]] of Poland and Emperor Leopold I of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] sign a military alliance treaty in [[Warsaw]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Charles V, Duke of Lorraine]] is appointed commander of the [[Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor|Imperial Army]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
* [[May 3]] &ndash; Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] of the Ottoman Empire enters [[Belgrade]].
* [[May 24]] &ndash; The [[Ashmolean Museum]] opens in Oxford (England), as the world's second [[university museum]], after the establishment of the [[Kunstmuseum Basel]] in 1661 by the [[University of Basel]].
* [[June 12]] &ndash; The [[Rye House Plot]] to assassinate [[Charles II of England]] is discovered.<ref name="The People's Chronology">{{cite book|chapter=1683|title=The People's Chronology|editor=Everett, Jason M.|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2006}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 8]] &ndash; Admiral [[Shi Lang]] of [[Qing dynasty]] China leads 300 ships with 20,000 troops out of Tongshan, [[Fujian]], and sails towards the [[Kingdom of Tungning]], in modern-day [[Taiwan]] and [[Penghu]], in order to quell the kingdom in the name of the Qing. 
* [[July 14]] &ndash; A 173,000-man [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] force arrives at [[Vienna]], and starts to besiege the city. 
* [[July 16]]&ndash;[[July 17|17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Penghu]]: Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang defeats the naval forces of [[Zheng Keshuang]] decisively.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; The gruesome execution of [[William Russell, Lord Russell|Lord Russell]], for his role in the 1683 [[Rye House Plot]] to assassinate King [[Charles II of England]], is carried out by the royal executioner [[Jack Ketch]], who wields his axe in a manner requiring multiple blows to make Russell suffer as much as possible during the beheading.  <ref>Juré Fiorillo, ''Great Bastards of History: True and Riveting Accounts of the Most Famous Illegitimate Children Who Went on to Achieve Greatness'' (Fair Winds Press, 2010) p. 82</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Turhan Sultan|Turhan]], in the powerful role of the [[Valide sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] since 1648 as the mother of Sultan [[Mehmed IV]], dies at the age of 56, bringing an end to the era in Ottoman history known as the "[[Sultanate of Women]]".  Upon the overthrow of Mehmed IV four years later, the role of the mother of the Ottoman Sultan is less powerful.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari]] becomes the new [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]].
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur]], son of the Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] in India, is dispatched along with other Mughal nobles on an [[Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684)|invasion of Konkan]], the area on the southwestern Indian coast under the control of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; The [[Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick|Earl of Limerick]], Irishman Thomas Dongan, takes office as the new British Colonial Governor of the [[Province of New York]] and makes major reforms to restore public order and rescue the province from bankruptcy.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; Qing Chinese admiral [[Shi Lang]] receives the formal surrender of [[Zheng Keshuang]], ushering in the collapse of the [[Kingdom of Tungning]], which is then incorporated into the [[Qing Empire]]. 
* [[September 12]]  
**[[Battle of Vienna]]: The Ottoman siege of the city is broken with the arrival of a force of 70,000 [[Poland|Poles]], [[Austria]]ns and [[Germany|Germans]] under Polish–Lithuanian king [[Jan III Sobieski]], whose [[cavalry]] turns their flank.  The victory marks a turning point in the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s fortunes and the end of the Turkish attempt to expand its control into Western Europe. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1683 |title=Historical Events for Year 1683 &#124; OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |date=1683 |access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref>
**[[Peter II of Portugal|Pedro II]] becomes the [[King of Portugal]] after having served as regent since 1668 for his older brother [[Afonso VI of Portugal|Afonso VI]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Shi Lang]] reaches [[Taiwan]] and occupies modern-day [[Kaohsiung]].
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Germantown, Philadelphia]] is founded as the first permanent German settlement in North America (in [[1983]] U.S. President Ronald Reagan declares a 300th Year Celebration, and in [[1987]], it becomes an annual holiday, [[German-American Day]]).
* [[October 9]] (possible date) &ndash; [[Louis XIV of France]] makes a [[morganatic marriage]] with [[Madame de Maintenon]] in a secret ceremony following the death on July 30 of his queen consort, [[Maria Theresa of Spain]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Veronica Buckley|last=Buckley|first=Veronica|title=Madame de Maintenon: The Secret Wife of Louis XIV|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7475-8098-0|page=276}}</ref>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The English crown colony of the [[Province of New York]] is subdivided into 12 [[County (United States)|counties]]: [[Albany County, New York|Albany]], [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]], [[Orange County, New York|Orange]], [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]], and [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]] (upstate); [[Kings County, New York|Kings]], [[New York County]], [[Queens County, New York|Queens]], [[Richmond County, New York|Richmond]] (within New York City); [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] (eastern Long Island), and two areas not in New York state, [[Dukes County, Province of New York|Dukes County]] (now in Massachusetts) and [[Cornwall County, Province of New York|Cornwall County]] (now 11 counties in Maine). <ref>[http://genealogy.clifflamere.com/Aid/History/NY-OriginalCounties.htm "The 12 Original Counties of New York State"], by Cliff Lamere</ref>
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Algernon Sidney]], opponent of King [[Charles II of England]] and author of the rebel tract ''[[Discourses Concerning Government]]'' is beheaded after having been arrested on June 25 and found guilty on November 7.
* [[December 25]]
**[[Kara Mustafa Pasha]], [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] since [[1676]], is executed on orders of Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] after being blamed for the Ottoman loss of the [[Battle of Vienna]] on September 12.  The execution is carried out in [[Belgrade]] as Kara Mustafa is strangled with a silk cord.  The Sultan appoints [[Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha]] as the new Grand Vizier.
**[[George Ducas]], the Prince of Moldavia installed by the Ottomans in 1678, is arrested by Polish authorities while on his way back to [[Bucharest]] from the defeat by Poland in the Battle of Vienna.  Ducas is replaced by [[Ștefan Petriceicu]]. 
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Richard Keigwin (Governor of Bombay)|Richard Keigwin]] leads a rebellion against the [[East India Company]] to take over as Governor of Bombay and most of the British territory in India, driving out Governor [[Sir John Child, 1st Baronet|Sir John Child]] and arresting the Deputy Governor, [[Charles Ward (Deputy Governor of Bombay)|Charles Ward]].  Keigwin surrenders the office less than a year later.
* [[December]] &ndash; The [[River Thames]] in England freezes, allowing a [[River Thames frost fairs|frost fair]] to be held.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Wild boar]]s are hunted to extinction in Britain.<ref name="The People's Chronology"/></onlyinclude>