Editing 1658 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Edward Sexby]], who had plotted against [[Oliver Cromwell]], dies in the [[Tower of London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=killing |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100036693?rskey=WOPNMi&result=5 |website=Oxford Reference |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=en }}</ref>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; The "[[March Across the Belts]]" (''Tåget över Bält''), Sweden's use of winter weather to send troops across the waters of the [[Danish straits]] at a time when winter has turned them to ice, begins. Within 17 days, Sweden's King Karl X Gustav leads troops across the ice belts to capture six of Denmark's islands as Swedish territory.
* [[February 5]] &ndash; Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, one of the sons of India's Mughal, Emperor [[Shah Jahan]], proclaims himself Emperor after Jahan names Muhi's older brother, [[Dara Shikoh]], as regent, and departs from [[Aurangabad]] with troops.
* [[February 6]] &ndash; Swedish troops of [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] [[March Across the Belts|cross The Great Belt]] in Denmark, over frozen sea.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brems|first1=Hans|title=Sweden: From Great Power to Welfare State|journal=Journal of Economic Issues|date=June 1970|volume=4|issue=2, 3|pages=1–16|jstor=4224039|publisher=Association for Evolutionary Economics|doi=10.1080/00213624.1970.11502941|quote=A swift and brilliantly conceived march from Holstein across the frozen Danish waters on Copenhagen, by Karl X Gustav in 1658, finally wrests Bohuslin, Sk'ane, and Blekinge from [[Denmark-Norway]]. Denmark no longer controls both sides of Oresund, and Swedish power is at its peak.}}</ref>
* [[March 8]] (February 26 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; The peace between [[Sweden]] and Denmark-Norway is concluded in [[Roskilde]] by the [[Treaty of Roskilde]], under which Denmark is forced to cede significant territory. This leads to Sweden reaching its territorial height during its time as a [[Swedish Empire|great power]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 15]] &ndash; In India, the [[Battle of Dharmat]] is fought in the modern-day state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] between rival claimants to the throne of the [[Mughal Empire]].  Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, the son of the Emperor [[Shah Jahan]], leads 30,000 men in a triumph over 22,000 troops led by [[Jaswant Singh of Marwar]] and [[Ratan Singh Rathore]]. Despite heavy losses, with more than 11,000 casualties, Prince Muhi, who has adopted the name [[Aurangzeb]], continues toward [[Samugarh]] and [[Agra]] and captures the throne at the end of July.
* [[April 16]] &ndash; In [[Skåneland]], a region recently ceded by Denmark to the Swedish Empire, representatives of the nobility of the provinces of [[Blekinge]], [[Halland]] and [[Scania]] gather at the Scanian city of [[Malmö]] to swear their allegiance to King [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]].   
* [[May 1]] &ndash; ''[[Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial]]'' and ''[[The Garden of Cyrus]]'' are published by [[Thomas Browne]] in England.
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Aurangzeb]] wins the [[Battle of Samugarh]] as Indian Mughal regent [[Dara Shikoh]] makes a last effort to defend the Mughal capital [[Agra]].
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Pope Alexander VII]] appoints [[François de Laval]] [[vicar apostolic]] of [[New France]].
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)]] and [[Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)]]: In the [[Battle of the Dunes (1658)|Battle of the Dunes]], a Spanish force attempting to lift a siege of [[Dunkirk]] is defeated by the French and English. England is then given Dunkirk, for its assistance in the victory.
* [[June 25]]&ndash;[[June 27|27]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Rio Nuevo]], part of the Anglo-Spanish War, a Spanish invasion force fails to recapture [[Jamaica]] from the English.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Toruń (1658)|Siege of Toruń]] begins in [[Poland]] as troops of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and of Austria seek to recapture the city of [[Toruń]] from a garrison of the Swedish Army. Within six months, the Swedish occupiers surrender.
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Prince Leopold]] of the [[House of Habsburg]], son of the late [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]], is elected as the new [[Holy Roman Emperor]].
* [[July 31]] &ndash; After [[Shah Jahan]] completes the [[Taj Mahal]], his son [[Aurangzeb]] deposes him as ruler of the [[Mughal Empire]].
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Šarhūda]]'s [[Qing dynasty|Manchu]] fleet annihilates [[Onufriy Stepanov]]'s Russian flotilla, on the [[Amur River]]. 
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The coronation of Leopold I takes place in [[Frankfurt]].
* [[August 5]] &ndash; Just six months after winning territory from [[Denmark-Norway]] in war and subsequent treaty, Sweden's King Charles X Gustav declares [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|a second war against Denmark]].  By August 11, the King's troops have surrounded Denmark's capital, [[Copenhagen]], while the Swedish Navy blocks the harbor to prevent the city from being resupplied, and begins bombardment.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; The [[League of the Rhine]] (''Rheinische Allianz'') is formed by 50 German princes whose cities are on the [[Rhine]] river.
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Oliver Cromwell]] dies and his son [[Richard Cromwell|Richard]] assumes his father's position as [[Lord Protector]] of England, Scotland and Ireland.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Portuguese Restoration War]]: In the [[Battle of Vilanova]], a Spanish army, having crossed the [[Minho (river)|Minho]], defeats the Portuguese.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; The Netherlands enters the Dano-Swedish War to come to the rescue of Denmark, sending a 45-ship fleet from [[Vlie]].  
* [[October 29]] &ndash; The 45-ship fleet of the Netherlands arrives at Denmark and begins its counterattack on Sweden's army and navy with three squadrons.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; The [[Mexican Inquisition]] carries out the execution, by public burning, of 14 men convicted of homosexuality, while another 109 arrested are either released or given less harsh sentences.
* [[November 8]] (October 29 old style) &ndash; The [[Battle of the Sound]] takes place between the navies of the Dutch Republic (with 41 warships) and of Sweden (with 45) at the [[Øresund]], a [[strait]] between Denmark and Sweden's newly-acquired territory, the former Danish island of [[Scania]]. The Dutch Republic is successful at breaking the Swedish Navy's blockade of Copenhagen, and Sweden is forced to retreat, bringing an end to the attempted conquest of Denmark.
* [[November 23]] &ndash; The elaborate funeral of [[Lord Protector]] of England [[Oliver Cromwell]] (who had died on September 3 and was buried at Westminster Abbey two weeks later) is carried out in [[London]]. A little more than two years later (in January 1661), his body will be disinterred and his head severed and placed on a spike. 
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Abaza Hasan Pasha]], an Ottoman provincial governor who is attempting to depose the Grand Vizier, wins a battle at the Turkish city of [[Ilgin]], defeating loyalist forces led by Murtaza Pasha. The victory is the last for the rebels. Two months later (February 16, 1659) Abaza Hasan is assassinated after being invited to peace negotiations by the loyalists.
* [[December 20]] &ndash; Representatives of the Russian Empire and the Swedish Empire sign the [[Treaty of Valiesar]] at the Valiesar Estate near [[Narva]], part of modern-day [[Estonia]]. In return for ceasing hostilities between the two empires in the [[Second Northern War]], Russia is allowed to keep captured territories in [[Livonia]] (part of modern-day [[Latvia]]) for a term of three years.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; Polish and Danish forces defeat a Swedish Army in the [[Siege of Kolding (1658)|Battle of Kolding]] in [[Denmark]].
* [[December 30]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Toruń (1658)|Siege of Toruń]] ends almost six months after it started, with Poland recapturing the city from Sweden.

=== Date unknown ===
* Portuguese traders are expelled from [[Ceylon]] by Dutch invaders.
* The Dutch in the [[Dutch Cape Colony|Cape Colony]] start to import slaves from India and South-East Asia (later from [[Madagascar]]).
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