Editing 1647 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; Chinese bandit leader [[Zhang Xianzhong]], who has ruled the [[Sichuan]] province since 1644, is killed at [[Xichong County|Xichong]] by a Qing archer, after having been betrayed by one of his officers, Liu Jinzhong. <ref>"The Culmination of a Chinese Peasant Rebellion: Chang Hsien-chung in Szechwan, 1644–46", by James B. Parsons, ''The Journal of Asian Studies'' (May 1957) p. 399</ref>
* [[January 7]] &ndash; The [[Westminster Assembly]] begins debating the biblical proof texts, to support the new [[Westminster Confession of Faith|Confession of Faith]].<ref>The Work of the Westminster Assembly John Murray, (The Presbyterian Guardian 1942)</ref>
* [[January 16]] &ndash; Citizens of [[Dublin]] declare their support for [[Giovanni Battista Rinuccini|Rinuccini]], and refuse to support the army of the [[Marquis of Ormond]].<ref>History of the Great Civil War vol. iii, S.R. Gardiner (London 1889)</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Posten Norge]] is founded as '''Postvesenet'''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.postennorge.com/Group/History|title= Milestones in Norway Post's history|publisher= postennorge.com|access-date= October 1, 2016|archive-date= October 24, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161024022538/http://www.postennorge.com/Group/History|url-status= dead}}</ref>
* [[January 20]] &ndash; A small Qing force led by Li Chengdong captures [[Guangzhou]] and kills the [[Zhu Yuyue]], the [[List of emperors of the Ming dynasty|Shaowu Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty]] in China. <ref> Frederic Wakeman, ''The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China'' (University of California Press, 1985) p. 738</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[Zhu Youlang|Yongli]] [[Chinese era name|era]] is proclaimed as [[Zhu Youlang]] is declared the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming.
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Thomas Bushell (mining engineer)|Thomas Bushell]] surrenders the [[Bristol Channel]] island of [[Lundy]], the last remaining Royalist territory of England, to the Parliamentarians. <ref>Wyndham Sydney Boundy, ''Bushell and Harman of Lundy'' (Gazette Printing Service, 1961)</ref>
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Thirty Years' War]]: [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]], [[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]], [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Sweden]] sign the [[Truce of Ulm]].
* [[March]] &ndash; Following the Treaty of Ulm that removed Bavaria from the Thirty Years War, the Bavarian troops' commander, Holy Roman Imperial General [[Johann von Werth]], defies [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]], and von Werth attempts to move the Bavarian troops out of Bavaria and into Austria to come under Imperial jurisdiction.  The troops refuse, and von Werth flees to Austria. <ref>Sir Edward Cust, ''Lives of the Warriors of the Thirty Years' War: Warriors of the 17th Century'' (John Murray Publishing, 1865) pp. 457-458</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; In England, a letter from the [[Agitators]] of the [[New Model Army]], protesting delay of pay, is read in the [[House of Commons of England|House of Commons]].
* [[May 13]] &ndash; The [[1647 Santiago earthquake]] rattles Chile.
* [[May 24]] &ndash; The [[Marquis of Argyll]] and David Leslie join forces to defeat [[Alasdair MacColla]], at Rhunahoarine Point in [[Kintyre]]. MacColla flees to Ireland; his followers are massacred.<ref>Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Scotland 1644–1651, David Stevenson (Newton Abbott 1977)</ref>
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Michael Jones (soldier)|Michael Jones]], named Governor of Dublin by England's Parliamentarians, lands with 2,000 troops and begins the expulsion of Catholics and the arrest of Protestant royalists. 
* [[June 8]] &ndash; The Puritan rulers of England's [[Long Parliament]] pass the "Ordinance for abolishing all Holidays, and appointing other Days for Sports and Recreations for Scholars, Apprentices, and Servants, in their Room", confirming abolition of the feasts of [[Christmas]], [[Easter]] and [[Whitsun]], though making the second Tuesday in each month a secular [[holiday]].  The Act declares "Forasmuch as the Feasts of the Nativity of Christ, Easter, and Whitsuntide, and other Festivals, commonly called Holidays, have heretofore been superstitiously used and observed; be it ordained, That the said Feasts and Festivals be no loner observed within England and Wales."  <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=n65CAAAAYAAJ&dq=1647+june+ordinance+holidays&pg=PA408 ''The Parliamentary Or Constitutional History of England''], Volume XV: From July 1, 1646 to June 22, 1647 (William Sandry, 1755) p. 408 </ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Christmas abolished! - Why did Cromwell abolish Christmas?|url=http://www.olivercromwell.org/faqs4.htm|work=Oliver Cromwell|publisher=The Cromwell Association|date=2001–2005|access-date=2011-10-23}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Puerto de Cavite]] begins in the Spanish Philippines when an armada of 12 large warships from the Dutch Republic sails into Manila Bay, with cannon fire hitting many of the roofs of the city.  The Spanish defending fleet drives off the Dutch after a two day battle.
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans]], is crowned as the King of Hungary and Croatia at [[Bratislava|Pressburg]], now the Slovakian capital of [[Bratislava]]
* [[June 19]] &ndash; The [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond|Duke of Ormond]], the royalist governor of Dublin, concludes a treaty with the English Commonwealth's [[Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey|Earl of Anglesey]], handing over control of Dublin to the Commonwealth in return for the English promise to protect the interests of royalists, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, who had not joined in the Irish Rebellion.
* [[June 25]] &ndash; The "Remonstrance of The Army" is presented to the English parliament by former Royal Army supporters of King Charles I, pledging their loyalty to the new English Commonwealth.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Masaniello]] launches rebellion in [[Naples]] against Spanish rule.
* [[July 27]] &ndash; A mob invades both Houses of the English Parliament at Westminster, and forces the Speakers of the House of Commons and the House of Lords to flee, along with other MPs and Peers. <ref name=DeKrey>Gary S. De Krey, ''Following the Levellers: Political and Religious Radicals in the English Civil War and Revolution, 1645–1649'' (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018) p. 114 </ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; The [[New Model Army]] marches into [[London]], "fulfilling the worst nightmares of Presbyterian MPs," and restores the members of Parliament who were deposed on July 27. <ref name=DeKrey/>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dungan's Hill]]: [[Ireland|Irish]] forces are defeated by [[England|English]] [[Parliament]]ary forces.
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Peter Stuyvesant]] is appointed Director of [[New Netherlands]], the Dutch colony in what is later the U.S. state of New York, by the [[Dutch West India Company]] to replace [[Willem Kieft]], who departs [[New Amsterdam]] on the ship ''[[Princess Amelia (1634 ship)|Princess Amelia]]''. <ref> "Stuyvesant, Petrus", by Bruce Vandervort, ''The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History'', ed. by Spencer Tucker (ABC-CLIO, 2011) p. 767 had arrived on May 11.</ref>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Triebl]]: [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] forces defeat the Swedes in a surprise attack in [[Bohemia]].
* [[September 27]] &ndash; The Dutch merchant ship ''Princess Amelia'' runs aground off of the coast of [[Mumbles Point, Wales]] and sinks, killing 86 of the 107 people aboard, including former New Netherlands Governor Willem Kieft.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 28]] &ndash; The [[Putney Debates]], a series of discussions between officers of the New Model Army following Parliament's military defeat of the absolutist monarchy of King Charles, begin at the [[St. Mary's Church, Putney]] about what form of government would replace the monarchy in the new republican Commonwealth of England. 
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[Battle of Knocknanuss]]: An Irish confederate force is destroyed by the army of Parliament; [[Alasdair MacColla]] is killed.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Henry II, Duke of Guise|Henry of Guise]] lands in [[Naples]], to become the leader of the [[Neapolitan Republic (1647)|Neapolitan Republic]].
* [[December 28]] &ndash; King Charles of England promises a church reform. This agreement leads to the [[Second English Civil War]].

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Aberystwyth Castle]] in [[Wales]], a former Royalist stronghold, is razed to the ground after "a battery of cannon erected on the top of Pendinas hill by Cromwell" and the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] troops. <ref>''The New Aberystwyth Guide'', by T. J. Llewelyn Prichard (Lewis Jones, Bookseller, 1824) p. 28</ref>
* The word [[Geysir]] is first used in [[Iceland]], by [[Brynjólfur Sveinsson|Bishop Sveinsson]].<ref name="VolcanoliveGeysir">{{cite web|url=http://www.volcanolive.com/geysir.html|title=Geysir Volcano, Iceland|author=John Seach|publisher=volcanolive.com|access-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>
* Dutch artist [[Salomon van Ruysdael]] completes the oil painting, ''The Crossing at [[Nijmegen]]''.<ref>(70 × 89&nbsp;cm). {{cite web|url=https://www.artrenewal.org/pages/artwork.php?artworkid=30191&size=large|title=Salomon van Ruysdael: The Crossing at Nijmegen|publisher=artrenewal.org|access-date=2016-03-04}}</ref></onlyinclude>