Editing 1642 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>[[File:Rembrandt van Rijn-De Nachtwacht-1642.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rembrandt]] finishes ''[[The Night Watch]]''.]]
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 4]] &ndash; King [[Charles I of England]], accompanied by soldiers, arrives at a session of the [[Long Parliament]] and attempts to arrest his chief opponents, the [[Five Members]], [[John Hampden]], [[Arthur Haselrig]], [[Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles|Denzil Holles]], [[John Pym]] and [[William Strode]], for what he regards as treason but they escape and are protected by the Lord Mayor of London.<ref>{{Cite book | title=The Story of Parliament in the Palace of Westminster |last= Field |first=John |publisher=James & James |year=2011 |location=London  |edition=2nd |isbn=9780907383871 |pages=107–108}}</ref> This is the last time any monarch enters the House of Commons.
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[Clergy Act 1640|Bishops Exclusion Act]] is passed in England to prevent any member of the clergy from holding political office.
* [[February 15]] &ndash; Royalist [[Endymion Porter]] is voted to be a "dangerous counsellor" by the English parliament. 
* [[February 17]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Axim]] is signed between the Dutch West India Company and the chiefs of the [[Nzema people]] in the modern-day African nation of [[Ghana]].
* [[February 18]] &ndash; A group of Protestant English settlers in Ireland surrender to Irish authorities at [[Castlebar]] in [[County Mayo]] in hopes of having their lives spared, but are killed one week later at [[Shrule]] on orders of Edmond Bourke.
* [[February 20]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of The Hague (1641)]], between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Portugal, is ratified by the Republic's States-General. 
* [[February 22]] &ndash; The Italian opera ''[[Il palazzo incantato]]'' (''The Enchanted Palace''), by [[Luigi Rossi]] with libretto by Giulion Rospigliosi (the future [[Pope Clement IX]]), is given its first performance at the [[Teatro delle Quattro Fontane]] ([[Palazzo Barberini]]) in Rome.
* [[February 23]]–[[March 11]] &ndash; [[Henrietta Maria of France|Henrietta Maria]], queen consort of England, and her eldest daughter [[Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Mary]], newly created Princess Royal, leave [[Falmouth, Cornwall]], to go into exile at the Dutch court in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=To Sell England's Jewels: Queen Henrietta Maria's visits to the Continent, 1642 and 1644|first=David|last=Humphrey|url=https://erea.revues.org/3715|journal=E-rea|date=2014 |volume=11|issue=4|doi=10.4000/erea.3715 |access-date=2015-11-06|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[March 1]] &ndash; Georgeana, Massachusetts (later known as [[York, Maine]]) becomes the first incorporated city in the British colonies of North America.<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book | last = Coolidge | first = Austin J.|author2=John B. Mansfield | title = A History and Description of New England| publisher = A.J. Coolidge | year = 1859| location = Boston, Massachusetts| pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n407 369]–372| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ| quote = coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859. }}</ref>
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]: The citizens of [[Galway]] seize an English naval ship and close the town gates in support of the rebellion.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April]] &ndash; [[Hannibal Sehested (governor)|Hannibal Sehested]] is appointed [[Governor-General of Norway]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Hannibal Sehested |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Øystein |last=Rian |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Hannibal_Sehested/utdypning |language=no |access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Execution of George Spencer]]: the first hanging of a settler in the [[New Haven Colony]] takes place, on a wrongful conviction of bestiality.
* [[May 1]] &ndash; Honours and titles granted by Charles I of England from this date onward will in 1646 be retrospectively [[List of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–60#October 1646|annulled by Parliament]].
* [[May 10]] &ndash; In a Catholic synod at [[Kilkenny]], bishops draft the [[Confederate Oath of Association]], calling on Catholics to swear allegiance to King Charles I and to obey orders and decrees made by a "Supreme Council of the Confederate Catholics", hence the Irish rebels of 1641 become known as [[Confederate Ireland]].<ref name=Meehan>{{cite book|last=Meehan|first=Charles Patrick|author-link=Charles Patrick Meehan|year=1882|title=The Confederation of Kilkenny|edition=New|publisher=James Duffy|publication-place=Dublin|url=https://archive.org/details/confederationki01meehgoog/}}</ref>
* [[May 17]] &ndash; Ville-Marie (later [[Montreal]]) is founded as a permanent settlement.
* [[May 18]] &ndash; The month-long [[Siege of Limerick (1642)|Siege of Limerick]] in Ireland begins.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; "[[Nineteen Propositions]]" are sent by the English House of Lords and House of Commons to [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], asking the King to consent to parliamentary approval for the members of his privy council, his chief officers, and new seats created for the House of Lords, as well as regulating the education and choice of marital partners of the King's children, and barring Roman Catholics from the Lords.<ref>''The Parliamentary or Constitutional History of England'', Vol. XI (William Sandry, 1753) pp. 129–135</ref> The King's Answer, rejecting the Propositions, is read in Parliament on June 21.<ref name="British Civil Wars">{{Cite web |url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1642.htm |title=British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–60 |access-date=2009-10-23 |archive-date=2012-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507031401/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1642.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Juan de Palafox y Mendoza]], Archbishop of Mexico, dismisses the [[Viceroy of New Spain]], [[Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona|Diego López Pacheco]], allegedly on orders of [[Philip IV of Spain|King Philip IV]], and takes office as the new Viceroy. Palafox is in office for only five months before being recalled to Spain.
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Irish Confederate Wars]]: The [[Battle of Glenmaquin]] takes place in [[County Donegal]], with the Protestant [[Laggan Army]] decisively defeating [[Confederate Ireland]] soldiers.
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Siege of Limerick (1642)|Siege of Limerick]]: the English Protestant garrison of [[King John's Castle (Limerick)]] is forced to surrender by the Confederate Ireland Munster army led by General [[Garret Barry (soldier)|Garret Barry]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=M'Enery|first=M. J.|year=1904|title=A Diary of the Siege of Limerick Castle, 1642|journal=[[The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland]]|series=5th|volume=34|issue=2|pages=163–87|jstor=25507363|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25507363|url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[June 29]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Barcelona]] begins at sea as a French Navy fleet of 75 ships, commanded by Admiral [[Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé]] clashes off the coast of Spain with a Spanish fleet of 52 ships under the [[Juan Alonso Idiáquez, 2nd Duke of Ciudad Real|Duke of Ciudad Real]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; Hundreds of sailors are killed when the French warship ''[[List of ships of the line of France#Ships of the Line ("vaisseaux")|Galion de Guise]]'' and the Spanish galley ''Magdalena'' become entangled during the [[Battle of Barcelona]]. A French [[fireship]] attempts to burn the ''Magdalena'' and accidentally sets fire to the ''Galion de Guise'', killing 500 of the 540 crew.<ref>[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?206597 "Guise (+1642)"], Wrecksite.Eu</ref>
* [[July 3]] &ndash; The French Navy wins the [[Battle of Barcelona]].
* [[July 4]] &ndash; The [[Committee of Safety (England)|Committee of Safety]] is created by the English Parliament as a challenge to the authority of [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]]. Five members of the House of Lords ([[Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex]], [[Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland]], [[Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland]], [[Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke]], and [[William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele]]) and ten members of the House of Commons ([[Nathaniel Fiennes]], [[John Glynne (judge)|John Glynn]], [[John Hampden]], [[Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles|Denzil Holles]], [[Henry Marten (regicide)|Henry Marten]], [[John Merrick (MP)|John Merrick]], [[William Pierrepont (politician)|William Pierrepoint]], [[John Pym]], [[Philip Stapleton]] and [[William Waller]]) are appointed to the Committee.<ref>"Committee of Safety", in ''The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660'', by Stephen C. Manganiello (Scarecrow Press, 2004) p.125</ref>
* [[July 10]] &ndash; In a prelude to the [[First English Civil War]], King [[Charles I of England]] [[Siege of Hull (1642)|besieges Hull]] in an attempt to gain control of its arsenal. The siege lasts until July 27, with Charles's Royalist Army failing to take the city from the Parliamentarians commanded by Governor John Hotham and General John Meldrum.
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The English Parliament votes to raise its own Army, under the command of the Earl of Essex.
* [[August 3]] &ndash; A Dutch Navy fleet of 14 warships, led by Hendric Harouse, begins a campaign to drive Spaniards from the island of Formosa (modern-day [[Taiwan]]) off of the coast of mainland China. After disembarking at Tamsui, the Dutch begin a siege of Fort Domingo, which falls on Saint Bartolomeo Day (August 24).<ref>James W. Davidson, ''The Island of Formosa: Historical View from 1430 to 1900'' (Macmillian, 1903) p.22</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Irish Confederate Wars]]: Lord Forbes relieves Forthill, and besieges [[Galway]].
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[First English Civil War]] begins when King Charles I raises the royal battle standard over [[Nottingham Castle]], so declaring war on his own [[Long Parliament|Parliament]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[London theatre closure 1642]]: England's Long Parliament orders the theatres of London closed, effectively ending the era of [[English Renaissance theatre]].
* [[September 7]]
** [[First English Civil War]]: The [[Siege of Portsmouth]] (begun on 10 August) ends with the Royalist garrison surrendering the port to Parliament.
** [[Irish Confederate Wars]]: Lord Forbes raises his unsuccessful siege of [[Galway]].
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Thomas Granger]] is executed by hanging in the [[Plymouth Colony]] (Massachusetts) following confessions to numerous acts of bestiality.<ref>{{cite book |last=Samaha |first=Joel |title=Criminal Law |edition=Ninth |publisher=Thomson/Wadsworth|location=Belmont, CA|isbn=978-0-495-09539-2 |page=60 |chapter=Chapter 2 |date=2007-03-07}}</ref>
* [[September 23]] &ndash; First English Civil War: Royalist victory at the [[Battle of Powick Bridge]], a skirmish near Worcester which is the first engagement between elements of the principal field armies of the War.<ref name="CBH1642">{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=178–179|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[1642 Yellow River flood]]: Some 300,000 people die in the intentional breaking of the dams and dykes of the [[Yellow River]], done by the Ming dynasty defenders of [[Kaifeng]] to break the siege by the large Manchu dynasty rebel force of [[Li Zicheng]].<ref>John W. Dardess, ''Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2012) p. 132.</ref>
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[First English Civil War]]: [[Battle of Edgehill]] (Warwickshire) &ndash; [[Cavalier|Royalists]] and [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]] battle to a draw in the first [[pitched battle]] of the War.
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Confederate Ireland#The first Confederate Assembly|The first Confederate Assembly]] of Ireland is held in [[Kilkenny]] where it sets up a [[provisional government]], largely Catholic [[Cavalier|Royalist]]; start of the [[Irish Confederate Wars]].<ref name=Meehan/>
* [[October 29]] &ndash; King [[Charles I of England]] enters [[Oxford]] and establishes his court there.<ref name="CBH1642" />
* [[November 13]] &ndash; First English Civil War: [[Battle of Turnham Green]] &ndash; The Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army, and fail to take London.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; First English Civil War: Sir [[Edward Ford (soldier)|Edward Ford]], High Sheriff of Sussex, captures [[Chichester]] from the Parliamentarians without resistance. The Parliamentarians send Sir [[William Waller]] to recapture the city.<ref>John Grehan and Martin Mace, ''Battleground Sussex: A Military History of Sussex from the Iron Age to the Present Day'' (Pen & Sword, 2012) pp. 86-87</ref>
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Abel Tasman]] and his crew become the first Europeans to discover "[[Van Diemen's Land]]", later the Australian island  and state of [[Tasmania]], and the island is claimed for the Netherlands on December 3 at what becomes Prince of Wales Bay.<ref>"Tasman, Abel", by Carl Waldman, in ''Biographical Dictionary of Explorers'', ed. by Alan Wexler and Jon Cunningham (Infobase Publishing, 2019) p. 798</ref>
*[[November 27]] &ndash; [[Hong Taiji]] (known in the West as Abatai) begins a 60-day march of [[Manchu people|Manchu]] warriors southwards from the Great Wall through [[Ming dynasty|Ming Chinese]] provinces of [[Zhili]] and [[Shandong]], before returning northward on January 27.<ref>"Abatai", by L. Carrington Goodrich, in ''Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, 1644-1912'', by Arthur W. Hummel (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943) pp. 3-4</ref> (Two years later Beijing falls to rebels, the [[Chongzhen Emperor]] commits suicide, and the [[Shunzhi Emperor]] becomes the first [[Qing dynasty|Qing Emperor]] to rule over [[China proper]].)
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Abel Tasman]] and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to sight [[New Zealand]], arriving at its South Island. In a battle between the Europeans and the Island's [[Māori people|Maori]] inhabitants, four crew members are killed.
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[First English Civil War]]: After routing Edward Ford's royalist troops at the [[Battle of Muster Green]], William Waller follows Ford's retreating force to Chichester as the Parliamentarians besiege the city, which falls on December 29 after eight days. The inhabitants of Chichester agree to pay the Parliamentarians an additional month's pay to prevent the town from being plundered.<ref>James Dallaway, ''A History of the Western Division of the County of Sussex'' (T. Bensley, 1815) pp.13-14</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The village of Bro (Broo), [[Sweden]] is granted city rights for the second time and takes the name [[Kristinehamn]] (literally "Christina's port") after the Swedish monarch at this time, [[Christina, Queen of Sweden|Queen Christina]].
* [[Rembrandt]] finishes his painting ''[[The Night Watch]] (Militia Company of District II under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq)'' in [[Amsterdam]].
* [[Isaac Aboab da Fonseca]] is appointed rabbi in [[Pernambuco]], Brazil, thus becoming the first rabbi of the Americas.</onlyinclude>