Editing 1640 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Salses]] ends almost six months after it had started on June 9, 1639, with the French defenders surrendering to the Spanish attackers.
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Action of 12–17 January 1640|A naval battle over control of what is now Brazil]], between ships of the [[Dutch Republic]] and those of the Kingdom of [[Portugal]], ends after five days of fighting with the Dutch driving the Portuguese away from the port of [[Recife]].
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim I]] (1640–[[1648]]) succeeds [[Murad IV]] ([[1623]]–1640) as [[Ottoman Emperor|Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[March 8]]&ndash;[[March 13|13]] &ndash; [[Siege of Galle (1640)|Siege of Galle]]: Dutch troops take the strategic fortress at [[Galle]], [[Sri Lanka]] from the Portuguese.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1963|page=44}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 13]] &ndash; The [[Short Parliament]] assembles, as King [[Charles I of England]] attempts to fund the second of the [[Bishops' Wars]].
* [[May 5]] &ndash; The Short Parliament is dissolved.
* [[May 11]]/[[May 12|12]] Following the Short Parliament's dissolution, an angry and armed mob [[Attack on Lambeth Palace, 1640|attacked Lambeth Palace]] in the hope of killing the unpopular Archbishop, [[William Laud]]. 
* [[May 22]] &ndash; The [[Reapers' War|Catalan Revolt]] (''Guerra dels Segadors'') breaks out in [[Catalonia]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; Catalan rebels assassinate [[Dalmau de Queralt, Count of Santa Coloma]], beginning the three-day [[Corpus de Sang]] riots. 
* [[June 13]] &ndash; The eruption of the [[Hokkaido Koma-ga-take|Mount Komagatake]] volcano takes place in Japan. Although the eruption causes few direct injuries, the heavy ashfall poisons local crops and causes the [[Kan'ei Great Famine]] that causes more than 50,000 deaths from starvation.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]]  &ndash; [[John Punch (slave)|John Punch]], a servant of [[Ancient planter|Virginia planter]] [[Hugh Gwyn]], is sentenced to a life of servitude after attempting to escape, making him the "first official slave in the English colonies" <ref>{{Cite journal|title = Law and the Cultural Production of Race and Racialized Systems of Oppression|last = Coates|url = http://web.pdx.edu/~ingham/syllabi/Perspectives/LawHistRacism.pdf|year = 2003|journal = [[American Behavioral Scientist]]|issue = 3|volume = 47|pages = 329–351|doi = 10.1177/0002764203256190|s2cid = 146357699}}</ref>
* [[July 15]]  &ndash; The first university of Finland, the [[Royal Academy of Turku]], is inaugurated in [[Turku]].<ref>Simo Tuomola, Simo: ''Abo – Suomen metropoli: 1600-luku Turussa'', p. 46. (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[http://www.halvi.helsinki.fi/museo/yliopiston_historia/kuninkaallinen_turun_akatemia.htm Kuninkaallinen Turun akatemia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110173152/http://www.halvi.helsinki.fi/museo/yliopiston_historia/kuninkaallinen_turun_akatemia.htm |date=November 10, 2020 }} – Arppeanum (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; Forty-one Spanish delegates to Japan at [[Nagasaki]] are beheaded.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Bishops' Wars#Second Bishops' War (1640)|Second Bishops' War]]: A Scottish [[Covenanter]] army invades [[Northumberland]] in England.<ref name="British Civil War1640">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1640.htm|title=British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638-60|access-date=August 28, 2013|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419132637/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1640.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 28]] &ndash; Second Bishops' War &ndash; [[Battle of Newburn]]: The Scottish Covenanter army led by [[Alexander Leslie]] defeats the English army near [[Newburn]] in England.<ref name="British Civil War1640" />
* [[September 7]] &ndash; Portuguese missionary [[Sebastien Manrique]] reaches [[Dhaka]] and stays for 27 days, leaving on October 4.<ref>''Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643: A Translation of the Itinerario de Las Missiones Orientales'',  Volume I: Arakan (Taylor & Francis, 2017)</ref>
* [[September 20]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Turin (1640)|Siege of Turin]] ends in Italy after almost four months with a victory by French and Piedmontese after having started on May 22, and the city is recaptured from Spain.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 26]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Ripon]] is signed, restoring peace between the Scottish Covenanters and [[Charles I of England]].<ref name="British Civil War1640" />
* [[November 3]] &ndash; The English [[Long Parliament]] is summoned;<ref name="British Civil War1640" /> it will not be dissolved for 20 years.
* [[December 1]]
** The end of the [[Iberian Union]] of Spain and Portugal begins, as a revolution organized by the nobility and bourgeoisie causes [[John IV of Portugal]] to be acclaimed as king, thus ending 60 years of [[personal union]] of the crowns of Portugal and Spain, and the rule of the [[House of Habsburg]] (also called the Philippine Dynasty). The Spanish Habsburgs do not recognize Portugal's new dynasty, the [[House of Braganza]], until the end of the [[Portuguese Restoration War]] in [[1668]].
** [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]] begins to rule.

=== Date unknown ===
* The first book  to be printed in [[North America]] (the ''[[Bay Psalm Book]]'') is published.
* The first known European [[coffeehouse]] opens in [[Venice]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Coffee, Coffeehouses, and the Nocturnal Rituals of Early Modern Jewry |author=Elliott Horowitz |journal=AJS Review |volume=14 |issue=1 |date=1989 |page=38 |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for Jewish Studies |jstor=1486283}}</ref>
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