Editing 1626 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Polish–Swedish War (1625–1629)|Polish-Swedish War]]: [[Battle of Wallhof]] in [[Latvia]] &ndash; [[Gustavus Adolphus]], King of [[Sweden]], defeats a Polish army. 
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Peter Minuit]] sails from [[Texel]] Island for America's [[New Netherland]] colony, with two ships of Dutch emigrants.
* [[February 2]] &ndash; King [[Charles I of England]] is crowned, but without his wife, [[Henrietta Maria]], who declines to participate in a non-Catholic ceremony.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Eugene M. Waith|title=Patterns and Perspectives in English Renaissance Drama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r46Ze0M0TUwC&pg=PA180|year=1988|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-325-7|pages=180|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[Huguenot]] rebels and the French government sign the [[Treaty of Paris (1626)|Treaty of Paris]], ending the second [[Huguenot rebellion]].
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ningyuan]]: In [[Xingcheng]] in [[China]], after an 8-day battle, [[Ming dynasty]] commander [[Yuan Chonghuan]] defeats the much larger force of [[Manchu people|Manchu]] leader [[Nurhaci]], who dies soon after and is succeeded by [[Huang Taiji]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; Emperor [[Susenyos of Ethiopia]] and Patriarch [[Afonso Mendes]] declare the primacy of the Roman See over the [[Ethiopian Church]], and [[Roman Catholicism]] the state religion of [[Ethiopia]].
* [[March 5]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Monzón]] is signed between France and Spain to end the [[Valtellina War]] and the [[First Genoese-Savoyard War]]. 
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Ambrósio I of Kongo|Ambrósio I Nimi a Nkanga]] becomes the new monarch of [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] (in what is now [[Angola]]) after the overthrow of [[Garcia I of Kongo|Garcia I Mvemba a Nkanga]], restoring the Kwilu dynasty to power. 
* [[March 15]] &ndash; Portugal declares war on [[Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba|Queen Nzinga]] of the [[Ndongo|Kingdom of Ndongo]], located in what is now Angola.{{fact|date=March 2025}} A [[dam failure]] causes the sudden [[1626 Potosí flood|flooding of the mining city of Potosí]] in present-day Bolivia leading to the death of thousands and the massive release of toxic [[mercury (element)|mercury]] into the environment.<ref name=frances>{{Cite journal |title=Les ruptures de barrages dans le monde: un nouveau bilan de Potosi (1626, Bolivie) |journal=La Houille Blanche |last=Gioda |first=Alain |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gioda-Alain/publication/279971878_Dam_collapses_in_the_world_A_new_estimation_of_the_Potosi_disaster_1626_Bolivia/links/5c08c2fc4585157ac1ab137c/Dam-collapses-in-the-world-A-new-estimation-of-the-Potosi-disaster-1626-Bolivia.pdf?origin=publication_detail&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uRG93bmxvYWQiLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwdWJsaWNhdGlvbiJ9fQ&__cf_chl_tk=WAHZbFSO.KE0i8QkGaqGOZhfU5MDzpalYWjMO4mu0VI-1741358538-1.0.1.1-CXkEhP0cZ6WpuD29tqP9XfmEbJNI_MhQzd96DUhbBO4 |pages=165-170 |last2=Serrano |first2=Carlos |last3=Forenza |first3=Ana |trans-title=Dam collapses in the world: a new estimation of the Potosi disaster (1626, Bolivia) |language=French|year=2002|issue=4/5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Historia de la minería andina boliviana (siglos XVI–XX)|last=Serrano Bravo|first=Carlos|url=https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con4_uibd.nsf/6EF6AA797C1749E905257EFF005C493F/$FILE/Historia_de_Miner%C3%ADa_Andina_Boliviana.pdf|year=2004|location=Potosí, Bolivia|language=es|pages=39, 90}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Thirty Years' War]]: [[Battle of Dessau Bridge]] &ndash; [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] defeats [[Ernst von Mansfeld]]s army.
* [[May 4]] &ndash; Peter Minuit becomes director-general of [[New Netherland]], for the [[Dutch West India Company]].
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Peter Minuit]] buys [[Manhattan]] from a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe ([[Lenape]] or [[Shinnecock Indian Nation|Shinnecock]]) for trade goods, valued at 60 [[Dutch gulden|guilder]]s (''$1,143 U.S. dollars as of 2020'').
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Wanggongchang Explosion]] in [[Beijing]], China: a gunpowder factory explosion destroys part of the city and kills 20,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allbestessays.com/History-Other/Solving-a-Mystery-of-400-Years-An-Explanation-to/47238.html|title=Solving a Mystery of 400 Years - An Explanation to the "explosion" in Downtown Beijing in the Year of 1626 - Research Paper|website=www.allbestessays.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211340/https://www.allbestessays.com/History-Other/Solving-a-Mystery-of-400-Years-An-Explanation-to/47238.html|archive-date=2018-09-19|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; King [[Charles I of England]] dissolves the English [[Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Parliament of 1626|website=History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/survey/parliament-1626|access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; Nine Jesuit Christian missionaries, six of them Japanese and three from Spain, are executed in Japan, followed by eight Japanese converts to Christianity on July 12.
* [[June 28]] &ndash; A [[1626 Lingqiu earthquake|7.0 magnitude earthquake]] strikes [[Lingqiu County]], in [[China]], killing 5,200 residents.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; The Ottoman Army halts its attempt to retake [[Baghdad]] from the Persians, after having lost it in 1624.
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt|George II]] becomes the new Landgrave of [[Hesse-Darmstadt]] upon the death of his father, [[Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt|Louis V]].
* [[August 1]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Ernst Casimir of Nassau-Dietz]] retakes [[Oldenzaal]], forcing Spain to withdraw from [[Overijssel]].
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Thirty Years' War]]: [[Battle of Lutter]] &ndash; [[Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly|Tilly]] defeats King [[Christian IV of Denmark]]'s army.<ref>{{cite book|author=Theodore Ayrault Dodge|title=Gustavus Adolphus: A History of the Art of War from Its Revival After the Middle Ages to the End of the Spanish Succession War...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZhDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT1|year=1890|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin|pages=1|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Nurhaci]], chief of the [[Jurchens]] and founder of the [[Qing dynasty]], dies and is succeeded by his son [[Hong Taiji]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[November 6]] ([[Old Style|O.S.]]) &ndash; The ship ''Arms of Amsterdam'' arrives in [[Europe]] from [[New Netherland]] (left [[September 23]]) with the news: "They have purchased the Island Manhattes [''[[Manhattan]]''] from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders."<ref>From P. Schagen letter dated [[November 7]].</ref>
* [[November 18]] &ndash; The new [[St Peter's Basilica]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] is consecrated, on the 1,300th anniversary of the previous church in [[326]].
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Pasha]] Muhammad ibn Farukh, tyrannical Governor of [[Jerusalem]], is forced out.
* [[December 20]] &ndash;  [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Transylvania]]n monarch [[Bethlen Gabor]] sign the [[Peace of Pressburg (1626)|Peace of Pressburg]].

=== Date unknown ===
* [[1626 influenza pandemic]] begins in Asia, then spreads into Europe, Africa, North America,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Sen|first=Rajendra Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdUSAQAAMAAJ&q=influenza+of+1627|title=A Treatise on Influenza: With Special Reference to the Pandemic of 1918|date=1923|publisher=|isbn=|location=|pages=7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2M_nAAAAMAAJ&q=1626+influenza+pandemic|title=Annals of Medical History|date=1933|publisher=P.B. Hoeber.|isbn=|location=|pages=537|language=en}}</ref> and South America.<ref name=":0" />
* The [[Würzburg witch trials|Würzburg]] and [[Bamberg witch trials]], which will lead to the mass executions of hundreds of people until [[1630]]/[[1631|31]], begin.
* [[Samuel de Champlain]] decides to build ''Cap tourmente (Kap toor-mont) Farm'' to raise livestock to provide food for settlers in [[Quebec]], rather than depending on supplies sent from France.<ref>Champlain describes the construction in one of his journals.</ref>
* Establishment of the coastal settlement of [[Salem, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rantoul |first1=Robert S. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/sil.81485.39088002108736 |title=Old-time ships of Salem |last2=Chapman |first2=William O. |date=1922 |publisher=Essex Institute|doi=10.5479/sil.81485.39088002108736 }}</ref>