Editing 1620 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
[[File:Schlacht am Weißen Berg C-K 063.jpg|thumb|[[November 8]]: The [[Battle of White Mountain]].]]
[[File:Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor, by William Halsall.jpg|thumb| [[November 21]]: The [[Mayflower]] arrives at [[Cape Cod]].]]

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Ben Jonson]]'s play ''News from the New World Discovered in the Moon'' is given its first performance, a presentation to King [[James I of England]]. In addition to dialogue about actual observations made by telescope of the Moon, the play includes a fanciful discussion of a lunar civilization a dance by the "Volatees", the lunar race. <ref>Julie Sanders, ''Ben Jonson's Theatrical Republics'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 1998)</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; In France, [[Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes]], and his wife, the Duchess [[Marie de Rohan]], sign a marriage contract on behalf of their one-year-old daughter to be engaged to the year-old son of [[Charles, Duke of Guise]]. <ref>Sharon Kettering, ''Power and Reputation at the Court of Louis XIII: The Career of Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes (1578–1621)'' (Manchester University Press, 2008) pp. 91–92</ref>
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Karan Singh II]] becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of [[Mewar]] (in the modern-day state of [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]) upon the death of his father, the Maharana [[Amar Singh I]].
* [[February 4]] &ndash; Prince [[Bethlen Gabor]] secures a peace treaty with [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]].
* [[March 22]] &ndash; King [[Karma Phuntsok Namgyal]] of [[Tibet]] dies of smallpox after a reign of less than two years, after Ngawang Namgyal of Bhutan casts a tantric spell over him. <ref>Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, ''One Hundred Thousand Moons'' (Leiden 2010) p. 333</ref>
* [[March 24]] &ndash; English sailor [[Owen Fitzpen]] is captured by Turkish pirates while on a trading voyage in the Mediterranean Sea and sold into slavery. He remains a slave in North Africa for seven years until he and 10 other slaves are able to take over a Turkish ship and sail back to Europe.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], Holy Roman Emperor and former King of Bohemia, sends a two-month ultimatum directing [[Frederick V of the Palatinate|King Frederick of Bohemia]] (who has usurped the throne in the modern-day Czech Republic) to leave [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] by June 1. Frederick refuses to depart his capital at [[Prague]]. 
* [[April 7]] &ndash; The [[1620 Robben Island earthquake|earliest recorded earthquake in South Africa]] occurs at [[Robben Island]].
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Mian Shahul Mouhammed Kalhoro]] begins his reign at [[Karachi]] as the king of [[Sindh]], in modern-day [[Pakistan]], and rules until 1657. 
* [[May 17]] &ndash; The first [[merry-go-round]] is seen at a fair in Philippapolis, [[Turkey]].
* [[June 3]] &ndash; The oldest stone church in French North America, [[Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Quebec|Notre-Dame-des-Anges]], is begun at [[Quebec City]] in modern-day Canada.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 3]]
** Under the terms of the [[Treaty of Ulm (1620)|Treaty of Ulm]], the Protestant Union declares neutrality and ceases to support [[Frederick V of Bohemia]].
** Captain [[Andrew Shilling]], on behalf of the English [[Honourable East India Company]], lays claim to [[Table Bay]] in [[Africa]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntsyoxWIB44C&q=east+india+company+1620+table+mountain|title=Cape Town &ndash; the Making of a City: an Illustrated Social History|first=Nigel|last=Worden|author2=Van Heyningen, Elizabeth|author3=Bickford-Smith, Vivian|year=1998|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=9065501614|access-date=2007-11-22}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] (July 15 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; The armed merchant ship ''[[Mayflower]]'' embarks about 65 emigrants for New England at or near her home port of [[Rotherhithe]] on the Thames east of London; about July 29 (July 19 OS) she anchors in [[Southampton Water]].<ref name=Ames>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mayflowerherlogj00ames|title=The ''May-Flower'' and Her Log|first=Azel|last=Ames|location=Boston|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1901|access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] (July 22 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; The ship ''[[Speedwell (1577 ship)|Speedwell]]'' departs [[Delfshaven]] with English separatist [[Puritans]] from [[Leiden]] bound to rendezvous with the ''[[Mayflower]]''; on August 5 (July 26 OS) she anchors in Southampton Water.<ref name=Ames/>
* [[August 15]] (probable date; August 5 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; ''[[Mayflower]]'' and ''[[Speedwell (1577 ship)|Speedwell]]'' depart together from Southampton,<ref name=Ames/> but are forced to put back into [[Dartmouth, Devon]], for repairs to a leak in the latter ship on August 22 or 23 (August 12 or 13 OS).
* [[August 7]]
** The mother of astronomer [[Johannes Kepler]] is arrested for [[witchcraft]].
** In a battle at [[Les Ponts-de-Cé]] in France, [[Louis XIII of France|King Louis XIII]] defeats troops led by his mother, [[Marie de' Medici]].<ref>{{cite book|title=National History of France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lm4TAQAAIAAJ|year=1967|publisher=AMS Press|page=22|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] (August 23 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; ''[[Mayflower]]'' and ''[[Speedwell (1577 ship)|Speedwell]]'' depart together from Dartmouth; they are well out into the Atlantic when the ''Speedwell'' is again found to be leaking.<ref name=Ames/>
* [[September 7]] (August 28 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]])
** ''Mayflower'' and ''[[Speedwell (1577 ship)|Speedwell]]'' return again to England, anchoring at [[Plymouth]]; the  latter ship is given up as a participant in the voyage and on September 12 (September 2 OS) departs for London, most of her passengers and stores having been transferred to the ''Mayflower''.<ref name=Ames/>
** The Finnish town of [[Kokkola]] ({{langx|sv|Karleby}}) is founded by King [[Gustavus Adolphus|Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]].<ref>[https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10956854 YLE: Kokkolan perustajasta puuveistos Suntin varteen] (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[https://www.kokkola.fi/kokkolan-kaupunki/tietoa-kokkolasta/historia/ Historia - Kokkola] (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[September 16]] (September 6 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; ''[[Mayflower]]'' departs from [[Plymouth]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] on her third attempt to cross the Atlantic.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref> The [[Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] on board comprise 41 "saints" (English separatists largely from Holland), 40 "strangers" (largely secular planters from London), 23 servants and hired workers, together with c. 30 crew.
* [[September 17]]&ndash;[[October 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cecora (1620)|Battle of Cecora]]: The [[Ottoman Empire]] defeats [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]–[[Moldavia]]n troops.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 6]] &ndash; Battle of Amedamit in [[Gojjam]], [[Ethiopia]]: The [[Roman Catholicism in Ethiopia|Roman Catholic]] [[Ras (title)|Ras]] Sela Kristos, half-brother of Emperor [[Susenyos I|Susenyos]], crushes a group of rebels, who are opposed to Susenyos' pro-Catholic beliefs.
* [[November 3]] &ndash; The Great Patent is granted to [[Plymouth Colony]].
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Thirty Years' War]]: [[Battle of White Mountain]] &ndash; Catholic Habsburg forces are victorious over Bohemian rebels two hours from [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Pierre Crabitès|title=Beneš, Statesman of Central Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RLtnAAAAMAAJ|year=1936|publisher=Coward-McCann, Incorporated|page=7|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 21]] (November 11 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) &ndash; The ''[[Mayflower]]'' arrives inside the tip of [[Cape Cod]] (named from the ''Concord'' voyage of [[1602]]), at what becomes known as [[Provincetown Harbor]], with the [[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrim]]s and [[Ancient planter|Planters]]; 41 [[Plymouth Colony]] [[List of Mayflower passengers|settlers]] sign the [[Mayflower Compact]], the first governing document of the colony, on board the ship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualjamestown.org/Timelines/Barbour%20Vol%201%201602-1620.html|title=Chronology of Early New England, 1602–1620|publisher=Virtual Jamestown|language=English|accessdate=26 December 2022}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The [[wedding of Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora]] takes place in Sweden.
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Plymouth Colony]]: [[William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor)|William Bradford]] and the ''[[Mayflower]]'' [[Pilgrim Fathers|Pilgrims]] land near what becomes known as [[Plymouth Rock]], in [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]].

=== Date unknown ===
* "A Dutch Ship, putting in this Year [of 1620, before June], sold 20 Negroes to the Colony [as [[slaves]]], which were the first of that Generation, that were ever brought to [[Virginia]]."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stith |first1=William |title=The History of Virginia |date=1747 |publisher=Reprint Company |location=Virginia |page=Book 4, Page 182 |isbn=9780871520265 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aB4SAAAAYAAJ |access-date=2022-09-10}}</ref>
* A severe frost in England freezes the River [[Thames]]; 13 continuous days of snow blanket Scotland. On [[Eskdale (Scotland)|Eskdale Moor]], only 35 of a flock of 20,000 sheep survive.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J. M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref>
* [[Witch-hunt]]s begin in Scotland.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* [[History of submarines]]: [[Cornelis Drebbel]] demonstrates the first navigable [[submarine|undersea boat]] in the [[Thames]] in England.<ref>{{cite book |author=Davis, RH |title=Deep Diving and Submarine Operations |year=1955 |edition=6th |publisher=[[Siebe Gorman|Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd]] |location=Tolworth, Surbiton, Surrey |page=693 |author-link=Robert Davis (inventor) }}</ref><ref name=acott>{{cite journal |last=Acott |first=C. |title=A brief history of diving and decompression illness. |journal=South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal |volume=29 |issue=2 |year=1999 |issn=0813-1988 |oclc=16986801 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6004 |access-date=2009-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905152645/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6004 |archive-date=2011-09-05 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* The modern [[violin]] is developed.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
* [[Juan Pablo Bonet]], teacher of deaf children in the Spanish court, creates a sign alphabet.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plann |first1=Susan |title=A Silent Minority: Deaf Education in Spain, 1550-1835 |date=1997 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |url=http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft338nb1x6/}}</ref>
* [[Francis Bacon]] publishes the ''[[Novum Organum]]'' (beyond [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Organon]]'') on logical thinking.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}<ref>1.

Donaldson I. Francis Bacon&amp;#x2019;s comments on the power of negative observations in his Novum Organum, first published in 1620. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2016;109(12):459-460. doi:10.1177/0141076816675805</ref>
* ''[[A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies]]'' by [[Bartolomé de las Casas]] and ''Origin and progress of the disturbances in the Netherlands'' by [[Johannes Gysius]] are re-published in the Netherlands.<ref name="WDL515">{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2006584207/|title=Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II|website=World Digital Library|date=1620|access-date=2024-09-23}}</ref>
* Shōgun [[Tokugawa Hidetada]] begins restoring [[Osaka Castle]] in Japan. Its modern-day appearance dates from this remodeling.<ref name="archaeology">{{Cite web |title=Osaka Castle Wall Stone Quarry |url=https://archaeology.jp/sites/2011/ishikiri.htm |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Archaeology.jp}}</ref>

===Ongoing===
* The [[Thirty Years' War]] ([[1618]]–[[1648]]) continues (principally on the territory of modern-day Germany).</onlyinclude>