Editing 1599 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 8]] – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the ''[[Ratio Studiorum]]'', is issued.
* [[January 22]] – The [[Acoma Massacre]] begins in what is now northern New Mexico in the U.S., as Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico viceroy [[Juan de Oñate]] leads 70 armed Spanish soldiers against the indigenous [[Keres people]] at Aak'u (the [[Acoma Pueblo]]) near what is now  [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]. In three days, 500 Acoma men and 300 women and children are killed by the Spanish.<ref>Andrew Knaut, ''The Pueblo Revolt of 1680'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 1995) p.69</ref>
* [[February 20]] – On Shrove Tuesday, the earliest known performance of William Shakespeare's play ''As You Like It'' is given, presented at [[Richmond Park]] for Queen Elizabeth.  
* [[February 21]]
**At [[Southwark]], near [[London]] on the south bank of the [[River Thames]], the land upon which the [[Globe Theatre]] will be built is leased by [[Nicholas Brend]] to a team of investors led by [[William Shakespeare]], [[Thomas Pope]], actors Cuthbert and Richard Burbage, and three others.<ref>Herbert Berry, ''Shakespeare's Playhouses'' (AMS Press, 1987) pp. 82–88</ref>  
**[[Lorenzo Sauli]] becomes the new Doge of the [[Republic of Genoa]], succeeding [[Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà]]. Sauli will serve until 1601.
* [[March 12]] – [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]], is appointed [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], by Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]].

=== April–June ===
* [[April 23]] – The Earl of Essex arrives in [[Dublin]] at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.
* [[May 15]] – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)]]: The [[Siege of Zaltbommel]], located in the Dutch Republic, is begun by Spanish general [[Francisco López de Mendoza]].
* [[May 16]] – The [[Kalmar Bloodbath (1599)|Kalmar Bloodbath]] takes place in [[Kalmar]], Sweden.
* [[May 29]] – Essex takes [[Cahir Castle]], supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short [[Siege of Cahir Castle|siege]].<ref>{{cite book|author=William R. Jones|title="The Mists of Error Withdrawn": Elizabethan Satire, Cultural Criticism, and the Bishops' Ban of 1599|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOJO6W8NByoC|year=2004|publisher=University of California, Santa Cruz|page=69|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] – [[Bishops' Ban of 1599]]: The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[John Whitgift]], and the [[Bishop of London]], [[Richard Bancroft]] order a ban on a selection of literary works, including ''[[Microcynicon: Six Snarling Satires]]'', by [[Thomas Middleton]]. 
* [[June 20]] – The [[Synod of Diamper]] is convened.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 17]] – [[Second Dutch Expedition to East Indies]]: A Dutch fleet returns to [[Amsterdam]] from what is now [[Indonesia]], carrying 600,000 pounds of [[Black pepper|pepper]] and 250,000 pounds of [[cloves]] and [[nutmeg]].
* [[July 22]] – The combined Dutch and English armies successfully defend [[Zaltbommel]] after a siege of two months.
* [[July 24]] – [[Sweden|Swedish]] King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] is dethroned by his uncle [[Charles IX of Sweden|Duke Charles]], who takes over as regent of the realm until [[1604]], when he becomes King Charles IX.
* [[August 15]] – First [[Battle of Curlew Pass]]: [[Ireland|Irish]] forces defeat the English.
* [[September 21]] – The first reported performance at the [[Globe Theatre]] in [[London]] (erected over Spring/Summer), a presentation of [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' (probably new to that year), is recorded by Swiss traveller [[Thomas Platter the Younger]].
* [[September 28]] – The Earl of Essex arrives back in England, disobeying the Queen's strict orders.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 18]] – [[Battle of Sellenberk]]: [[Michael the Brave]], Prince of [[Wallachia]], defeats the army of [[Andrew Báthory]] near [[Șelimbăr]], leading to the first recorded unification of the [[Romanians]].
* [[November 10]] – The [[Åbo Bloodbath]] takes place in [[Åbo]] (Turku), in modern-day [[Finland]], which was part of [[Sweden]] at the time.  
* [[November]] – [[Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602)]]: A diplomatic delegation from [[Safavid Persia]], led by [[Hossein Ali Beg Bayat]] and his staff after being dispatched by the Shah [[Abbas the Great]], arrives in [[Moscow]] as part of a mission to enlist European nations into an alliance against the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Persians are accompanied by English adventurer [[Anthony Shirley]], who had persuaded Shah Abbas to undertake the initiative.<ref>Guy Le Strange, ''Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560-1604'' (Routledge, 2004) p.4</ref>
* [[December 19]] – The forces of [[Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo]] and his ally [[Min Razagyi]] of the [[Kingdom of Mrauk U]] end the [[First Toungoo Empire]] by capturing [[Pegu]] (modern-day Bago, Myanmar).

=== Date unknown ===
* The first [[Capuchin friar]] is entombed in the [[Catacombe dei Cappuccini]] in [[Palermo]] (Sicily).</onlyinclude>
* The [[Toyokuni Shrine (Kyoto)|Toyokuni Shrine]] in Kyoto and [[Oyama Shrine (Ishikawa)|Oyama Shrine]], dedicated to Maeda Toshiie, were founded.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, R. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital City, 794-1869,'' pp. 294–296.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=A Summer Stroll Through Green Kanazawa |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-video/ct171000015/a-summer-stroll-through-green-kanazawa.html |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=nippon.com |language=en}}</ref>