Editing 1596 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 6]] – [[Drake's Assault on Panama]]: Sir [[Francis Drake]], General [[Thomas Baskerville (general)|Thomas Baskerville]] and an English force of 15 ships land at the Atlantic Ocean port of [[Nombre de Dios, Colón|Nombre de Dios]] in an attempt to capture the [[Isthmus of Panama]].<ref>David Marley, ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere'' (ABC-CLIO, 2008) pp. 136–137</ref>
* [[January 20]] – Francis Drake, unable to receive a ransom for the town of Nombre de Dios, orders the town and all Spanish ships in harbor to be burned. At the same time, General Baskerville leads 750 men on a mission to clear the Isthmus of Spanish parties.<ref>Kenneth R. Andrews, ''The Last Voyage of Drake and Hawkins'' (Routledge, 2017) pp. 204–05</ref>
* [[January 27]] – With an epidemic of [[dysentery]] spreading through the English forces of Drake and Baskerville, Drake orders survivors to retreat to the English ships, anchored off of the island of [[Isla Escudo de Veraguas|Escudo de Veraguas]].  Drake dies of dystentery two days later on his flagship, ''Defiance''.<ref>John Sugden, ''Sir Francis Drake'' (Penguin Books, 2004) pp. 313</ref>
* [[February 11]] – [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert of Austria]] arrives in [[Brussels]] to begin his administration as [[List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor General]] of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]].
* [[February 14]] – Archbishop [[John Whitgift]] begins building his [[Whitgift Foundation|hospital]] at [[Croydon]].
* [[March 11]] – The [[Battle of Pinos]] is fought between the English Navy (with 14 warships) and the Spanish Navy (with 13 galleons) off of the coast [[Cuba]]'s [[Isla de la Juventud|Isla de Pinos]], with 325 English Navy men killed or captured, while Spain drives Baskerville's ships to retreat and sustains 80 dead or wounded.<ref>Cesáreo Fernández Duro, ''Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón'' (Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1898) p. 115</ref>
* [[March 15]] – During Spain's [[Brittany Campaign]] during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)|Anglo-Spanish War]], a Spanish ship carrying 25 soldiers invades England after arriving at [[Cawsand Bay]] in [[Cornwall]]. After starting a fire, the Spanish retreat.<ref>John Daniell, ''A Compendium of the History of Cornwall'' (Netherton & Worth, 1880) p. 156</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 9]] – [[Siege of Calais (1596)|Siege of Calais]]: Spanish troops capture [[Calais]].
* [[May 18]] – [[Willem Barents]] leaves [[Vlie]], on his third and final Arctic voyage.
* [[June 5]] – Pope [[Clement VIII]] appoints 16 new Cardinals.
* [[June 10]] – Willem Barents and [[Jacob van Heemskerk]] discover [[Bear Island (Norway)|Bear Island]].
* [[June 17]] – Willem Barents discovers [[Spitsbergen]].
* [[June 24]] – [[Cornelis de Houtman]] arrives in [[Banten]], the first Dutch sailor to reach Indonesia.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 5]] – [[Capture of Cádiz]]: An English fleet, commanded by [[Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex]], and [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Lord Howard of Effingham]], sacks [[Cádiz]].
* [[July 14]] – King [[Dominicus Corea]] (Edirille Bandara) is beheaded by the Portuguese in [[Colombo]], [[Ceylon]].
* [[July 18]] –  Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] issues "an open warrant to the [[Lord Mayor of London]] and the aldermen and his brethren, and to all other vice-admirals, mayors, and other public officers whatsoever to whom it may appertain" directing that [[African people|Africans]] in the realm will be deported. Citing a request from Casper van Senden "to have licence to take up so many [[Moors|blackamoor]]s  here in this realm  and to transport them into Spain and Portugal," the Queen notes that "Her majesty... considering the reasonableness of his request to transport so many blackamoors from hence, doth think it a very good exchange and that those kind of people may be well spared in this realm being so populous and numbers of able persons the subjects of the land and Christian people that perish for want of service, whereby through their labor they might be maintained."<ref>"Elizabeth I, Letters Permitting Deportation of Blackamoors from England, ''Acts of the Privy Council'', Vol. 26 (1596-97), ed. John Roche Dasent (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1902)", in ''"Othello" A Broadview Internet Shakespeare Edition'' (Broadview Press, 2017) pp.299-300</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I | author = Emily C. Bartels | journal = SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | date = April 2006 | pages = 305–322 | publisher = Rice University | doi = 10.1353/sel.2006.0012 | jstor = 3844644 | s2cid = 154728438 | quote = In 1596, Queen Elizabeth issued an 'open letter' to the Lord Mayor of London, announcing that 'there are of late divers black-moores brought into this realme, of which kinde of people there aire {{Not a typo|all|ready}} here to manie,' and ordering that they be deported from the country. }}</ref>
* [[August 18]] – The [[Siege of Hulst (1596)|siege of the Dutch city of]] [[Hulst]] is completed after a month as Spanish forces under the command of [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert]], son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Maxmimilan II, force the surrender of the city. 
* [[August 29]] – The coronation of Christian IV as King of Denmark and King of Norway takes place at the ''[[Church of Our Lady, Copenhagen|Vor Frue Kirke]]'' cathedral in [[Copenhagen]]. The Bishop of Zealand, Peder Virstrup, places the crown upon the head of King Christian IV, who had become the monarch in 1588 at the age of 11.
* [[August]] – [[David Fabricius]] discovers the variable nature of the star [[Mira]].
* [[September 20]] – [[Diego de Montemayor]] founds the city of [[Monterrey]], [[Mexico]].

=== October–December ===
* [[October 10]] – The [[Union of Brest]]: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of [[Catholicism]], whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the [[Pope]].<ref>{{cite book|author=George Nedungatt|title=The Synod of Diamper Revisited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgguAAAAYAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Pontificio Istituto Orientale|isbn=978-88-7210-331-9|page=137|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 18]] – The [[2nd Spanish Armada|''Second Armada'']], a Spanish fleet sent to attack England in revenge for the raid on Cadiz, is wrecked in storms off [[Cape Finisterre]]; nearly 5,000 men and 44 ships are lost including five galleons
* [[October 19]] – The Spanish galleon ''[[San Felipe incident (1596)|San Felipe]]'' founders in Japan, leading to [[26 Martyrs of Japan|26 Christians being martyred]] the next year.
* [[October 26]] – [[Battle of Keresztes]]: The [[Ottoman Empire]] Turks defeat a combined [[Habsburg]]–[[Transylvania]]n army, after two days of fighting: .<ref>{{cite book|author=William J. Griswold|title=The Great Anatolian Rebellion, 1000-1020/1591-1611|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qURtAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=K. Schwarz|isbn=978-3-922968-34-4|page=17|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] – The [[Cudgel War]] begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when poor [[peasant]]s rise up against the troops, nobles and cavalry who have taxed them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaakkoilkka.fi/Jaakko%20Ilkka%20-%20Rebellion%20.htm|title=Jaakko Ilkka's biography|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605075454/http://www.jaakkoilkka.fi/Jaakko%20Ilkka%20-%20Rebellion%20.htm|archive-date=5 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[December 5]] – [[Damat Ibrahim Pasha]] is appointed the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] by Sultan [[Mehmed III]] for the second time in less than a year, replacing [[Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha]], who succeeded him on October 27.
* [[December 8]] – In Japan, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], Chancellor of the Realm, orders the arrest of the [[San Felipe incident of 1596|26 Roman Catholic Christians who had the misfortune of being shipwrecked]] in [[Kyoto]] on October 19; each of the ones arrested has a part of the left ear cut off, then sent on a forced march to [[Nagasaki]] on January 4, then has them killed on February 5. 
* [[December 31]] – [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]] of France (who was originally King Henry III of the [[Kingdom of Navarre]]) declares Navarre to be permanently separate of France.

=== Date unknown ===
* The first [[water closet]], by Sir [[John Harington (writer)|John Harington]], is installed in a manor near [[Kelston]] in [[England]].
* King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] moves the capital of [[Poland]] from [[Kraków]] to [[Warsaw]].
* [[Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge]], is founded.
* The [[Black Death]] hits parts of [[Europe]].
* The fourth of a five year run of poor harvests, largely caused by the weather, a pattern typical of the last third of the century. This causes famine throughout Europe, which leads to food riots in Britain.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J.M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref>
* The [[Serb Uprising of 1596–97]] begins.
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