Editing 1587 (section)

== Events ==
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 7]] &ndash; Sir [[Walter Raleigh]] appoints [[John White (colonist and artist)|John White]] to be the Governor of the [[Roanoke Colony]], to be established later in the year by English colonists on [[Roanoke Island]] off the coast of what is now the U.S. state of [[North Carolina]].<ref name=Lawler>Andrew Lawler, ''The Secret Token: Myth, Obsession, and the Search for the Lost Colony of Roanoke'' (Doubleday, 2018) pp.90, 181-182</ref> White and 121 other colonists depart from Portsmouth on three ships on May 8 and arrive at Croatoan Island on July 22.
* [[January 14]] &ndash; In Japan, [[Daijō-daijin|Chancellor of the Realm]] [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] ends [[Portuguese Nagasaki|Portugal's control]] of the port of [[Nagasaki]] after six years. Omura Sumitada had leased the fishing village to Portuguese Jesuits on August 15, 1580. <ref>Charles Boxer, ''The Great Ship From Amacon: Annals of Macao and the Old Japan Trade, 1555-1640'' (Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, 1959) p. 50</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; (1st waxing of Tabaung 948 ME) King Nanda of Burma appoints his eldest son and heir apparent, [[Minye Kyawswa II of Ava|Minye Kyawswa II]], as Viceroy of Ava, now part of upper Burma, with a capital at [[Inwa]] (located in what is now the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], the monarch of Scotland from 1542 to 1567, is beheaded in front of 300 witnesses at [[Fotheringhay Castle]], seven days after the signing of a [[death warrant]] by her cousin, [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth of England]]. Mary had been convicted of treason for her role in the [[Babington Plot]], a conspiracy to overthrow the English government and to assassinate Elizabeth.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hugh Chisholm|author2=James Louis Garvin|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4dGAQAAIAAJ|year=1926|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited|page=823}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; A period of exceptionally severe cold begins in western Europe and lasts until February 24.<ref>{{cite book|first=Cornelius|last=Easton|title=Les hivers dans l'Europe occidentale: étude statistique et historique sur leur température, discussion des observations thermométriques, 1852–1916 et 1757–1851, tableaux comparatifs, classifications des hivers, 1205–1916, notices historiques sur les hivers remarquables|publisher=Brill Archive|year=1928|page=98}}</ref>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Sir Anthony Cope, 1st Baronet|Sir Anthony Cope]], a member of the English Parliament, is imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]] after presenting a Puritan revision of the Anglican ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' to the Speaker of the House of Commons, Sir [[John Puckering]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|title=Cope, Sir Anthony|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6251?docPos=2| date=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/6251 |access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> He is released on March 23.  
* [[March 6]] &ndash; In west Africa, [[Álvaro II of Kongo|Álvaro II Nimi a Nkanga]] becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo, with a capital at [[M'banza-Kongo|São Salvador]] in what is now the city of M'banza-Kongo in the northern part of the Republic of Angola, and including parts of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Alvaro II claims the throne upon the dath of his father, [[Álvaro I of Kongo|Álvaro I Nimi a Lukeni lua Mvemba]]. 
* [[March 15]] &ndash; English privateer accepts a commission from the Kingdom to disrupt Spanish freighters trading with Italy.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 20]] &ndash; (14th waxing of Kason 949 ME) [[Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593)]]: Burma's siege of [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]] (now in [[Thailand]]), capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, fails after six months as the troops of Burma's King [[Nanda Bayin]] begin their withdrawal.<ref>''Maha Yazawin'' (2006) p. 97</ref>
* [[April 29]] &ndash; ''[[Singeing the King of Spain's Beard]]'': On an expedition against Spain, English [[privateer]] Sir [[Francis Drake]] leads a raid in the [[Bay of Cádiz]], sinking at least 23 ships of the Spanish fleet.
* [[May 8]] &ndash; The second expedition to establish an English colony at [[Roanoke Island]] in North America departs from England with two ships, supplies, and 121 people under the command of John White.<ref>David B. Quinn, ''Set Fair for Roanoke: Voyages and Colonies, 1584–1606'' (University of North Carolina Press) pp268-269</ref>
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[John Davis (explorer)|John Davis]] sets out from [[Dartmouth, Devon]], for a third attempt to find the [[Northwest Passage]].
* [[June 11]] &ndash; (Tensho 15, 6th day of 5th month); Most of [[Kyushu]] is surrendered to [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] by Yoshihisa Shimazu, 32 days after Hideyoshi's [[siege of Kagoshima]] began (on the 3rd day of the 4th month). Hideyoshi follows on July 24 (19th day of the 6th month of Tensho 15) with an order banishing all European Christian missionaries from the province.
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Pope Gabriel VIII of Alexandria|Gabriel VIII]] becomes the new Pontiff of the Coptic Christian Church in Egypt, being enthroned as Pope Gabriel VIII and filling a vacancy that had existed for nine months since the death of Pope John XIV of Alexandria. Gabriel will reign until his death on May 14, 1603.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Roanoke Colony]]: A group of English settlers arrive on [[Roanoke Island]] off [[North Carolina]], to re-establish the deserted colony.<ref>{{cite book|author=Travis Elborough|title=Atlas of Vanishing Places: The lost worlds as they were and as they are today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqOfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|date=17 September 2019|publisher=White Lion Publishing|isbn=978-1-78131-895-9|pages=79}}</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; According to legend, [[Saul Wahl]] is named king of Poland; he is deposed the following day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XspAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA566 |title=Medieval Jewish Statesman|last=Wasserzug|first=D.|year=1904|work=New Era Illustrated Magazine|pages=564–574|access-date=4 October 2010}}</ref>  
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Poland|Polish]] and [[Lithuania]]n nobles elect [[Sigismund III Vasa]], King of Sweden, as the ruler of the after the death in December of the previous King of Poland and Duke of Lithuania, [[Stephen Báthory]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Nisbet Bain|title=Slavonic Europe: A Political History of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xi3IFuapWOwC&pg=PA102|date=13 June 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-63691-0|pages=102}}</ref>
* [[August 22]] &ndash; A small group of nobles who oppose Sigismund Vasa as King vote to proclaim [[Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria]], as ruler of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], a decision supported by the [[List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland|Primate of Poland]], [[Stanisław Karnkowski]]. The divide begins the [[War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)|War of the Polish Succession]].<ref>Daniel Stone, ''The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795'' (University of Washington Press, 2001) pp. 131–132</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; Governor John White leaves the [[Roanoke Colony]] to get more supplies from [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[September 9]] &ndash; In the [[Burgundian Netherlands]] (now part of [[Belgium]]), the faculty at the [[Old University of Leuven|University of Leuven]] publishes a condemnation of the 34 propositions drawn up by the [[Jesuit]] scholar [[Michel Baius]], leading to a campaign by traditional Belgian Catholics against the Jesuits.<ref>"Congregatio de Auxiliis", by Antonio Astrain, ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (Robert Appleton Company, 1913)</ref> 
* [[September 22]] &ndash; In Italy, the coronation of [[Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua|Vincenzo Gonzaga]] as [[Duke of Mantua]] takes place.
* [[September 28]] &ndash; At [[Gremi]] in what is now the [[Republic of Georgia]], [[Alexander II of Kakheti|King Alexander II]] of [[Kingdom of Kakheti|Kakheti]] signs an oath of allegiance to [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]], the [[Tsar of all Russia]].<ref>W.E.D. Allen, ''Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings (1589-1605)'' (Cambridge University Press, 1970) pp.60-61</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Abbas I of Persia|Shāh ‘Abbās I "The Great"]] succeeds as [[Shahanshah]] of [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]]|isbn=0-550-18022-2|page=1|last1=Thorne |first1=J. O. |last2=Collocott |first2=T. C. |year=1984|publisher=Chambers }}</ref>
* [[October 7]] &ndash; Sigismund Vasa and a fleet of Swedish ships land in Poland to confront an invasion by Maximilian III and an Austrian Army.<ref>Józef Szujski, ''Dzieła Józefa Szujskiego: Dzieje Polski'' (in Polish). Vol. 3. Kraków: (Szujski-Kluczycki, 1894) pp.139-140</ref>  
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)]]: Archduke Maximilian of Austria begins the [[Siege of Kraków (1587)|siege of Kraków]], while [[Jan Zamoyski]], [[hetman]] of the Polish Army, begins the defense of the city.
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Landing of the first Filipinos]]: The first [[Filipino American|Filipinos]] in North America land in Morro Bay, near San Luis Obispo in modern-day California.
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Coutras]]: [[Huguenot]] forces under [[Henry IV of France|Henry of Navarre]] defeat Royalist forces under [[Anne de Joyeuse]], favorite of [[Henry III of France|King Henry]]; Joyeuse is killed.
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Leiden University Library]] opens its doors, after its founding in [[1575]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Elfriede Hulshoff Pol|title=The First Century of Leiden University Library|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ns03AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA402|year=1975|publisher=Brill Archive|page=402}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; During the circumnavigation of the world by [[Thomas Cavendish]], the English ships capture the Spanish galleon ''Santa Ana'' and its treasure of 100 [[troy weight|troy pounds]] of gold  (worth 122,000 Spanish pesos) and a total treasure worth 2.1 million pesos.<ref>Joyce E. Chaplin, ''Round About the Earth: Circumnavigation from Magellan to Orbit'' (Simon and Schuster, 2013) pp.63-64</ref>
* [[November 14]] &ndash; In Italy, [[Davide Vacca]] is elected to a two-year term as the new [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]] in a vote by the Grand Council of the Republic.<ref>Sergio Buonadonna and Mario Marcenaro, ''Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797'' (De Ferrari Editore, 2000)</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; A final Austrian attack on Kraków by Archduke Maximilian III is repelled by the Polish defenders.
* [[November 29]] &ndash; Maximilian III withdraws his forces and the siege of Kraków ends. 
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Sigismund III Vasa]] is formally crowned as King Zygmunt Waza of Poland and Duke of Lithuania in a coronation ceremony at [[Kraków]].<ref>"Sigismund III, 1587-1632", by F. Nowak, in ''The Cambridge History of Poland: From the Origins to 1696'' (Cambridge University Press, 1950) pp. 452–453</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* A severe famine breaks out in  [[Ming dynasty]] China.
* [[The Rose (theatre)]] is founded in London by [[Philip Henslowe]].
* The [[chapbook]] ''[[Historia von D. Johann Fausten (chapbook)|Historia von D. Johann Fausten]]'', printed by [[Johann Spies]] in [[Frankfurt]], is the first published version of the [[Faust]] story. 
* [[Everard Digby (scholar)|Everard Digby]]'s ''De Arte Natandi'', the first treatise on [[Human swimming|swimming]] in England, is published.
* [[St. Dominic's Church, Macau]] is established.
* [[Hailuoto]], an island in the [[Bothnian Bay]], is separated from the grand parish of Saloinen into an independent parish.<ref>[https://www.luontoon.fi/hailuoto/historia Hailuodon historia – Luontoon] (in Finnish)</ref><ref>[https://kansallisbiografia.fi/paimenmuisto/seurakunta/5007 Paimenmuisto: Hailuoto (Carlö, Karlö) – Kansallisbiografia] (in Finnish)</ref>