Editing 1584 (section)

== Events ==
[[File:Fyodor&boris.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[March 18]]: [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]] becomes the new [[Tsar of Russia]].]]
[[File:Roanoke map 1584.JPG|thumb|right|110px|[[June 4]]: [[Roanoke Island]] is discovered by English settlers.]]

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 11]] &ndash; Sir [[Walter Mildmay]] is given a royal licence to found [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]] in England.<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=L. L.|last=Ford|title=Mildmay, Sir Walter (1520/21–1589)|year=2004|edition=Online|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18696|access-date=2013-09-02|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18696}}</ref>
* [[January 16]] &ndash; Roman Catholic priest [[George Haydock]], imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]] since 1582, states during an interrogation that he claimed that Queen Elizabeth, leader of the [[Church of England]], was a [[heresy|heretic]]. Convicted of treason, he is executed on February 12.<ref>"Ven. George Haydock", in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', Vol. 7. (Robert Appleton Company, 1910)</ref> 
* [[February 2]] &ndash; (6th waning moon of the Magha, [[Buddhist calendar|BE 2126]]) In what is now Thailand, Prince [[Naresuan]], the [[Uparaja]] of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] and the son of [[Maha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)|King Mahathammarachathirat]] carries out the orders of Burma's King [[Nanda Bayin]], and leads an army to suppress a rebellion by the Viceroy of the Ava Kingdom, [[Thado Minsaw of Ava|Thado Minsaw]]. Arriving in April, Naresuan learns that King Nanda has ordered Naresuan to be assassinated, and begins his own rebellion against Burma, the [[Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593)|Burmese–Siamese War]].<ref name=Hmannan>''Hmannan Yazawin'' (Ministry of Information of Myanmar, 2003)</ref>
* [[February 22]] &ndash; After being falsely accused of various charges, [[Jeremias II of Constantinople|Jeremias II Tranos]], leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church as [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]], is deposed by his fellow bishops and exiled to the island of [[Rhodes]]. Jeremias is replaced by [[Pachomius II of Constantinople|Pachomius II Patestos]].<ref>Demetrius Kiminas, ''The Ecumenical Patriarchate'' (Wildside Press, 2009) p.38,46</ref> 
* [[March 5]] – The city of [[Karlstad]], [[Sweden]] gaines [[city status]] by [[Charles IX of Sweden|Duke Charles.]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Palmblad |first1=Harry V. E. |last2=Schmidt-Phiseldeck |first2=Kay |date=1933 |title=Svensk Historietaenkning |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40074167 |journal=Books Abroad |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=229 |doi=10.2307/40074167 |jstor=40074167 |issn=0006-7431}}</ref> 
* [[March 28]] ([[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] [[March 18]]) &ndash; [[Ivan the Terrible]], ruler of [[Russia]] since [[1533]], dies; he is succeeded as Tsar by his son, [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 24]] &ndash; (1st waning of Kason [[Burmese calendar|946 ME]]) In what is now [[Myanmar]], Prince Naresuan of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (now Thailand) suppresses the rebellion of Thado Minsaw of the Ava Kingdom.<ref name=Hmannan/>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; (Tenshō 12, 18th day of the 3rd month) In Japan, the [[Battle of Komaki and Nagakute|Battle of Komaki]] begins as fight between [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] when Ieyasu, commander of 100,000 men, begins the occupation of the Komakiyama Castle, prompting Hideyoshi to advance from [[Osaka]] with 30,000 troops.
* [[May 17]] &ndash; (Tenshō 12, 8th day of the 4th month) The conflict between [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] culminates in the [[Battle of Komaki and Nagakute|Battle of Nagakute]].
* [[June 1]] &ndash; With the death of the [[François, Duc d'Anjou|Duc d'Anjou]], the [[Huguenot]] [[Henry IV of France|Henry of Navarre]] becomes heir-presumptive to the throne of France.
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Walter Raleigh]] sends [[Philip Amadas]] and [[Arthur Barlowe]] to explore the [[Outer Banks]] of [[Virginia]] (modern-day [[North Carolina]]), with a view to establishing an [[English people|English]] [[colony]]; they locate [[Roanoke Island]].<ref name=tt>{{cite book|first=Bernard|last=Grun|title=The Timetables of History|edition=3rd|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1991|isbn=0-671-74919-6|page=259|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun}}</ref>
* [[June 11]] &ndash; Walk (modern-day [[Valka]] and [[Valga, Estonia|Valga]], towns in [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]] respectively), receives city rights from [[Poland|Polish]] king [[Stefan Bathory]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Antwerp (1584–1585)|Siege of Antwerp]] by the Spanish Army begins<ref>Ronald P. de Graaf, ''Oorlog, mijn arme schapen'' (Uitgeverij Van Wijnen, 2004) p.128</ref> and lasts for 13 months until Antwerp's surrender on August 17, 1585.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Antwerp|title=Battle of Antwerp {{!}} Summary|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 5]] &ndash; The [[Maronite College]] is established in [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Abouzayd|first1=Shafiq |editor1-last=King |editor1-first=Daniel |title=The Syriac world |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-138-89901-8|page=739 |chapter=The Maronite Church|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[William the Silent|Willem van Oranje]], the leader of the [[Dutch Republic]] as [[Stadtholder]] of Holland, is assassinated in [[Delft]]. [[Balthasar Gérard]], who bought two [[wheel-lock]] pistols and then made an appointment with at the [[Prinsenhof]], shoots William in the chest at close range and fatally wounds him, making William the first head of state to be assassinated with a handgun.<ref>"The pistol as assassination weapon: A case of technological lag", by A. D. Harvey, ''Terrorism and Political Violence'' (June 1991)</ref> 
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Russian conquest of Siberia]]: Russian General [[Yermak Timofeyevich]], who had been dispatched by Ivan the Terrible in 1582 to conquer the [[Khanate of Sibir]], is killed along with all but one member of his invading force in an ambush commanded by [[Kuchum Khan]], the ruler of Siberia.<ref>Yuri Semyenov, ''The Conquest of Siberia'' (Routledge & Sons, 1944) p.84</ref><ref>A. J. Haywood, ''Siberia: A Cultural History'' (Oxford University Press, 2010) p.18</ref>
* [[August 7]] &ndash; In [[Lima]] in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], Italian printer [[Antonio Ricardo]] receives official permission to set up the first printing press in [[South America]], and prints the first publication there, ''Pragmatica'', a four-page outline of how the new [[Gregorian calendar]] (adopted 1582) works.<ref>Nicole Howard, ''The Book: The Life Story of a Technology'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005) p.86</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; (Tenshō 12, 16th day of the 7th month) The [[Tenshō embassy]], Japan's first diplomatic mission to Europe, arrives in Portugal with four teenagers— Julião Nakaura, Mancio Itō, Martinho Hara and Miguel Chijiwa— who had become converts to Christianity.<ref>"Spiritual Saga: When Four Boys Went to Meet the Pope, 400 Years Ago", by Michael Cooper, ''The Japan Times'', February 21, 1982</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; In what is now Belgium, the [[Calvinist Republic of Ghent]] comes to an end after seven years when its capital, [[Ghent]], falls following [[Siege of Ghent (1583–1584)|a siege of 13 months]]. [[Jan van Hembyze]], leader of the republic since October 1583, surrenders the city to [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alexander Farnese]], Governor of the [[Spanish Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://chestofbooks.com/reference/American-Cyclopaedia-V7/Ghent.html|chapter=Ghent|title=The American Cyclopaedia|first1=George|last1=Ripley|author-link1=George Ripley (transcendentalist)|first2=Charles A.|last2=Dana|author-link2=Charles Anderson Dana|volume=7|year=1873|publisher=D. Appleton & Co|location=New York|access-date=2011-12-04}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 26]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Slunj]] in the Kingdom of Croatia, an Ottoman invasion led by [[Ferhad Pasha Sokolović]] is turned back by Croatian forces, aided by troops of the Habsburg monarchy.<ref>Ive Mažuran, ''Povijest Hrvatske od 15. stoljeća do 18. stoljeća'' [History of Croatia from the 15th to the 18th century] (in Croatian) (Golden marketing, 1998) p. 138.</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; In the wake of the [[Throckmorton plot]] to overthrow her government, Queen Elizabeth convenes a new session of the English House of Commons since 1581. [[John Puckering]] is appointed by her as the Speaker of the House of Commons, which has 460 members. The parliament passes the [[Safety of the Queen, etc. Act 1584|Safety of the Queen Act]] and the [[Jesuits, etc. Act 1584|Jesuits Act 1584]],<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/parliament/1584 "5th Parliament of Elizabeth I, 27 Eliz. I"], History of Parliament online</ref>
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Albert Fontenay]] sends an enciphered letter to [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] that will become the chief evidence against her in her trial for treason during the [[Babington Plot]]. After becoming a witness for the English government in return for immunity from prosecution, [[Jérôme Pasquier (courtier)|Jérôme Pasquier]] will decipher the letter in 1586, leading to Mary's conviction for an attempt to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and to overthrow the English government.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/calendarofstatep08grea/page/68/mode/ "The Enterprise of England"], in ''Calendar of the state papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots, 1547-1605'' (General Register Office of Scotland, 1914) pp.74-75</ref> 
* [[December 31]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Joinville]] is signed secretly between the French Catholic League and [[Spain]].<ref>Frederic J. Baumgartner, ''Radical Reactionaries: The Political Thought of the French Catholic League'' (Librairie Droz, 1975)</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Ratu Hijau]] becomes [[queen regnant]] of the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] [[Patani Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite journal|last= Amirell|first= Stefan |title=The Blessings and Perils of Female Rule: New Perspectives on the Reigning Queens of Patani, c. 1584–1718 |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=42 |number= 2 |year=2011|pages= 303–23 |doi= 10.1017/S0022463411000063 |s2cid= 143695148 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1950979 }}</ref>
* [[Belgians|Belgian]] cartographer and geographer [[Abraham Ortelius]] features [[Ming dynasty]]-era [[Wheelbarrow#Chinese sailing carriage|Chinese carriages with masts and sails]], in his atlas ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum''; concurrent and later Western writers also take note of this peculiar Chinese invention.
* This year, according to Italian heretic [[Jacopo Brocardo]], is regarded as an [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] inauguration of a major new cycle.</onlyinclude>