Editing 1582 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[University of Würzburg]] is refounded.<ref>[https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/uniarchiv/jmus-history/highlights/foundation-1582/ "The foundation of the university in 1582"], Universität Würzburg website</ref>
* [[January 15]] – [[Russia]] cedes its conquered areas in [[Livonia]] (Northern [[Latvia]] and Southern [[Estonia]]), to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
* [[February 10]] – [[François, Duke of Anjou]], arrives in the Netherlands, where he is personally welcomed by [[William the Silent]].
* [[February 24]] (Julian) (March 6 Gregorian) – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] proclaims the [[Gregorian Calendar]], to come into effect in October. Under the order, the date on the Julian calendar will be advanced by 10 days in order to synchronize the calendar date back to the equinoxes and solstices, since the gap has been increasing by one day every 100 years since the [[6th century]] and is 10 days off schedule.<ref name=calendar>{{cite book|title=Historical Association Pamphlet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbAyAQAAIAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Historical Association|page=5}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – [[Scryer]] [[Edward Kelley]] arrives at [[John Dee]]'s house in London. They practice angelic magic together and Dee develops the [[Enochian]] language.<ref>{{cite web|title=MS. Sloane 3188|url=http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/sloane_3188/|publisher=The Magickal Review|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410190925/http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/sloane_3188/|archive-date=2012-04-10}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; The [[New Testament]] of the ''[[Douai-Rheims Bible|Douai Bible]]'', the translation into [[English language|English]] by [[Gregory Martin (scholar)|Father Gregory Martin]] from [[Latin language|Latin]] of the New Testament, for use in the Roman Catholic Church, is published. Martin had started his work on October 16, 1578.<ref>Bertrand L. Conway, ''Studies in Church History'' (1916) p. 153</ref>

=== April–June ===
* [[April 2]] – [[1582 Ancuancu earthquake]]: Ancuancu (in modern-day [[La Paz Department, Bolivia|La Paz Department]], [[Bolivia]]) is struck by an earthquake that reportedly buries all of the inhabitants, except for one chief, who reportedly loses the ability to speak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eldeber.com.bo/2011/2011-11-23/vernotaahora.php?id=111123012412 |title=El Deber, Noticias de Bolivia y el Mundo |access-date=2011-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126103032/http://www.eldeber.com.bo/2011/2011-11-23/vernotaahora.php?id=111123012412 |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hay Riesgo de un Megaterremoto en Bolivia|website=Radio FMBolicia.Ne|url=http://www.fmbolivia.net/noticia25070-hay-riesgo-de-un-megaterremoto-en-bolivia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222132708/http://www.fmbolivia.net/noticia25070-hay-riesgo-de-un-megaterremoto-en-bolivia.html|archive-date=2014-02-22|access-date=February 12, 2014|url-status=dead|language=es}}</ref> On the place where the village had stood, the Jacha Kalla ([[Achocalla]]) valley is formed as a result of the earthquake.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bolivia. Dirección General de Estadística y Estudios Geográficos|title=Boletin|url=https://archive.org/details/boletin01mexigoog|year=1909|page=[https://archive.org/details/boletin01mexigoog/page/n75 55]|publisher=Secretaria de fomento}}</ref>
* [[April 3]] – [[Battle of Temmokuzan]]: Unable to reverse the collapse of [[Takeda clan]], [[Takeda Katsuyori]] and his household commit suicide.
* [[April 14]] – King [[James VI]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] signs a charter creating the Tounis College, which becomes the [[University of Edinburgh]].
* [[April 16]] – [[Spain|Spanish]] conquistador [[Hernando de Lerma]] founds the settlement of [[Salta]], [[Argentina]].
* [[April 17]] – [[Siege of Takamatsu]]: In Japan, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] departs from the [[Himeji Castle]] in the modern-day [[Hyōgo Prefecture]] and begins his march westward with 20,000 soldiers to the [[Bitchū Province]] in the modern-day [[Okayama Prefecture]]. Along the way, he stops at the [[Kameyama Castle (Okayama)|Kameyama Castle]] where he makes a rendezvous with the [[Ukita clan]] and 10,000 additional forces before proceeding toward the Takamatsu Castle.<ref name=Sansom>George Sansom, ''A History of Japan, 1334–1615'' (Stanford University Press, 196) pp. 306–307</ref>
* [[May 17]] – The [[Siege of Takamatsu]] begins as Hideyoshi attacks the forces of [[Shimizu Muneharu]], who has twice as many soldiers. Hideyhoshi orders an engineering project to block the Ashimori River and divert its waters to flood Takamatsu Castle.<ref name=Sansom/> 
* [[June 8]] – [[Siege of Takamatsu]]: Heavy rains and the dikes built by Hideyoshi's forces turn the area around Takamatsu Castle into a lake.<ref name=Sansom/>
* [[June 21]] – (2nd day of the sixth month, [[Tenshō (Momoyama period)|Tenshō]] 10) The [[Honnō-ji Incident]] occurs in [[Kyoto]] in [[Japan]], as Japanese warlord [[Oda Nobunaga]], on the verge of unifying Japan under his rule, is assassinated following a betrayal by a rebel subject, [[Akechi Mitsuhide]].<ref name="toyokeizai167293">{{cite web| url = https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/167293| title =本能寺の変､｢本当の裏切り者｣は誰なのか 教科書が教えない｢明智光秀｣以外の真犯人| last = Yamagishi | first = Ryoji | author-link =| date = 1 May 2017 | orig-date = | editor-last = | editor-first = | website = Toyo Keizai Online| publisher = [[Toyo Keizai]]| language = ja| trans-title = Honnō-ji Incident, Who is the "real traitor"? The real culprit other than "Akechi Mitsuhide" that textbooks do not teach.| access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[June 23]] – After learning of the assassination of his commander, Oda Nobunaga, [[Shimizu Muneharu]] surrenders Takamatsu Castle to Toyotomi Hideyoshi and, in return for the pledge that the castle's defenders will be spared, commits the ritual suicide of [[seppuku]].<ref>Stephen Turnbull, ''The Samurai Sourcebook'' (Cassell & Co., 2000) pp. 231–232</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Yamazaki]]: Counterattacking forces led by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] decisively defeat [[Akechi Mitsuhide]]'s smaller army; Akechi is killed while retreating to his domain.
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ponta Delgada]] ([[War of the Portuguese Succession]]): Spanish admiral [[Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz|Santa Cruz]] decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from [[France]], [[Kingdom of England|England]], supporters of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] claimant [[António, Prior of Crato]], and the [[Dutch Republic]], under [[Filippo di Piero Strozzi]] (who is killed) off the [[Azores]], the first engagement between large fleets of [[galleon]]s, operating at any great distance from the mainland.<ref>{{cite book|last=Walton|first=Timothy|title=The Spanish Treasure Fleets|location=Sarasota, FL|publisher=Pineapple Press|year=2002|isbn=1-56164-049-2|page=80}}</ref>
[[File:James VI of Scotland as a Youth.jpg|120px|thumb|Young King James, taken hostage]]
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Raid of Ruthven]] in [[Scotland]]: [[Presbyterian]] nobles led by [[William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie]] kidnap [[James VI and I|King James VI of Scotland]], the kingdom's 16-year-old ruler, while he is hunting in [[Perthshire]]. The Earl of Gowrie imprisons the King at Ruthven Castle as part of a coup d'etat to reform the Scottish government.<ref>Steven J. Reid, "Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid", by Miles Kerr-Peterson and Steven J. Reid, in ''James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578–1603'' (Routledge, 2017), pp. 32–44</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; Ruthven and his co-conspirators arrange for [[John Maxwell, 8th Lord Maxwell]], heir to former regent [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton]], to be installed as [[Scotland]]'s regent. Douglas had been executed in 1581 for the 1567 murder of [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]], husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and father of King James VI, who is imprisoned at Ruthven's castle.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 4]] (Julian) (October 14 Gregorian) &ndash; The [[Julian calendar]] is discarded at the end of the day in Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain as [[Pope Gregory XIII]] implements the [[Gregorian calendar]]. In the nations where the calendar is accepted, Thursday, October 4 is followed the next day by Friday, [[October 15]].<ref name=calendar/>
* [[October 26]] (Julian) (November 5 Gregorian) &ndash; General [[Yermak Timofeyevich]] completes the [[Russian conquest of Siberia]] in the [[Battle of Chuvash Cape]] as [[Kuchum Khan]] abandons [[Qashliq]], the capital of the [[Khanate of Sibir]].<ref>G. V. Lantzeff and R. A. Pierce, ''Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier, to 1750'' (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1973)</ref> The Qashliq fortress will be torn down and a new town, [[Tobolsk]] will be built {{convert|11|mi}} further up the [[Irtysh]] river.
* [[November 29]] &ndash; Ten years before he begins writing his first known plays, [[William Shakespeare]], 18 years old, marries pregnant 26-year-old [[Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare)|Anne Hathaway]] in England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Amanda|last=Mabillard|title=Shakespeare's Marriage|work=Shakespeare-Online|date=2000-08-20|accessdate=2024-03-25|url=https://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/shakespearemarriage.html}}</ref>
* [[December 9]] (Julian) (December 19 Gregorian) &ndash; [[France]] discards the Julian Calendar at the end of the day and adopts the [[Gregorian Calendar]] at midnight. Sunday, December 9 is followed the next day in France by Monday, [[December 20]].<ref name=calendar/>

=== Date unknown ===
* The temple complex of [[Kumbum]] is founded in [[Tibet]].
* In [[Ming dynasty]] [[China]]:
** [[Jesuit]] [[Matteo Ricci]] is allowed to enter the country.
** The earliest reference is made to the publishing of private [[newspaper]]s in [[Beijing]].
* The sultanate of [[Morocco]] begins to press southward, in search of a greater share of the trans-Saharan trade.
* The [[1582 Cagayan battles|Cagayan battles]] in the Philippines, the only recorded clashes between Spanish regular soldiers and [[samurai]] warriors.</onlyinclude>