Editing 1576 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Martín Enríquez de Almanza]], Viceroy of [[New Spain]], founds the settlement of [[León, Guanajuato|León]], in what is later the state of Guanajuato in Mexico.
* [[January 20]] &ndash; The establishment of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau]].
* [[January 25]] &ndash; Portuguese explorer [[Paulo Dias de Novais]] founds the settlement of ''São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda'' on the southwestern coast of Africa, now [[Luanda]], capital of [[Angola]].<ref>{{cite book|author=W. Martin James|title=Historical Dictionary of Angola|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtJKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR39|date=1 March 2018|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-5381-1123-9|pages=39|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Henry IV of France|King Henry of Navarre]], captive in France since 1572 and alive only because he converted to Catholicism, escapes to [[Tours]] and formally reverts to the Protestant faith. Dupuy, Trevor N.; Johnson, Curt; Bongard, David L. (1995).<ref>"Henry IV of France", in ''The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography'', ed. by Trevor N. Dupuy, et al. (Castle Books, 1995) p.326</ref>
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Peter Wentworth]], a Puritan M.P. of the [[Parliament of England]], is arrested in the middle of giving an address criticizing "rumours and messages" given to suppress freedom of speech. When he says that "the devil was the first author of them, from whom proceedeth nothing but wickedness", he is interrupted and taken to the [[Tower of London]] for imprisonment.<ref>''Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I, 1558-1581'' [vol. I], ed. T.E. Hartley (University of Leicester Press, 1981) p.422</ref>
* [[March 11]] &ndash; The city of [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]], part of the [[Saadi Sultanate]] in what is now Morocco [[Capture of Fez (1576)|is captured by Ottoman forces]] led by [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi|Abd al-Malik]], in an attempt to overthrow the Sultan [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi|Muhammed al-Mutawakkil]] and to make the Sultanate a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.<ref>"Saʿdids", by Chantal de la Véronne, in ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (Brill, 2012)</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Ishiyama Hongan-ji War]]: In [[Japan]], the Third Battle of Ishiyama begins as [[Oda Nobunaga]] sends 10,000 soldiers against the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] to capture the Honganji Temple. 
* [[April 25]] &ndash; Documents for the [[Union of Delft]] are signed by Dutch leader [[William the Silent|Willem van Oranj]] to create a federation of [[Holland]] and [[Zeeland]].<ref>"William the Silent", in ''The Thirty Years War'', by [[C. V. Wedgwood]], (Jonathan Cape Ltd., 1945) pp.160-163</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Stephen Báthory]], the [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] Prince of [[Transylvania]], is crowned king of Poland.
* [[May 6]] &ndash; The [[Edict of Beaulieu]], negotiated by Monsieur Francois, [[Francis, Duke of Anjou|Duke of Anjou]] and brother of  King [[Henry III of France]], ends the [[Fifth War of Religion]]. By the terms of the "Peace of Monsieur" that led to agreement on the Edict, freedom of worship is granted again to the  Protestant Hugueonots.<ref>Pierre Miquel, ''Les Guerres de Religion'' (Fayard, 1980) p.314</ref>
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Tahmasp I]], the Shah of [[Safavid Iran]] for almost 52 years, is accidentally poisoned after being treated by the palace physician, Abu Naser Gilani. Tahmasp's death is followed by a deadly struggle for control of Iran.<ref>"PARIḴĀN ḴĀNOM", by Manuchehr Parsadust, ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'' (2009)</ref>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; Tahmap's son [[Haydar Mirza Safavi]] declares himself the new Safavid Shah of Iran, the day after the death of his father. Later in the day, Haydar is assassinated by members of the palace guard who are loyal to Haydar's brother, [[Ismail II|Ismail Mirza]].<ref>David Blow, ''Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who became an Iranian Legend'' (I. B. Tauris, 2009) p.20</ref> Haydar attempts to disguise himself as a woman in the royal harem, but is discovered and beheaded.
* [[May 27]] &ndash; An attempt by the Dutch Republic to end the [[Siege of Zierikzee]] and free the city from Spain fails after Spanish forces are tipped off about a surprise attack. Dutch Admiral [[:nl:Louis de Boisot|Lodewijk van Boisot]] is killed in the battle.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; Dutch forces withdraw from their attempt to free Zierikzee, and the city is left to defend itself. The defenders then begin negotiations with the Spanish attackers, commanded by General [[Cristóbal de Mondragón]].
* [[June 18]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Haldighati]] in India, Mughal Imperial forces, led by [[Man Singh I]] of Amer, decisively defeat the [[Mewar Kingdom]] led by [[Maharana Pratap]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Alonso de Solís]], who was appointed by Spain as Governor of the colony of [[List of colonial governors of Florida|La Florida]], is killed in the colonial capital at [[St. Augustine, Florida|San Augustin]], now the U.S. city of St. Augustine, Florida.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of England|English]] navigator [[Martin Frobisher]] sights [[Greenland]].
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The [[Mughal Empire]] annexes [[Bengal]] after defeating the [[Bengal Sultanate]] at the ''[[Battle of Rajmahal]]''.<ref name="Richards1996">{{cite book|last=Richards |first=John F.|date=1996|title=The Mughal Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA33|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=33|isbn=978-0-521-56603-2}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; Rebellious Spanish troops [[:nl:Plundering van Aalst|plunder the Flemish city]] of [[Aalst, Belgium|Aalst]] and then use it as their base of operations to attack other cities.
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Zierikzee]] in the Netherlands ends with the surrender of the defenders to the Spanish Army.
* [[August 11]] &ndash; English navigator [[Martin Frobisher]], on his search for the [[Northwest Passage]] through North America, enters the [[Frobisher Bay|bay now named after him]] in Canada.
* [[August 23]] &ndash; On the island of [[Kyūshū]] in [[Japan]], near what is now [[Takaharu, Miyazaki]] prefecture, [[:ja:高原城|Takahara Castle]] of the [[Itō clan]] is captured by 30,000 men led by the warlord [[Shimazu Yoshihisa]], after a siege of four days.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Ismail II|Ismail Mirza]], who has proclaimed himself the Shah of [[Safavid Iran]], marches into the capital at [[Qazvin]] and ascends the throne as Shah Ismail II.<ref name=Ghereghlou>"Esmāʿil II", in ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', ed. by Kioumars Ghereghlou (2016)</ref>
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Simeon Bekbulatovich]], who has served since the previous October as the Grand Prince of All Russia after the [[Ivan the Terrible|Tsar Ivan IV]] ("Ivan the Terrible") had taken leave of absence from the throne, steps down as Ivan returns to Moscow. Ivan rewards Bekbulatovich with the title of Grand Prince of Tver.
* [[September 4]] &ndash; In [[Brussels]], rebels led by Jacques de Glymes of Brabant arrest the members of the Council of State that administers the city. 
* [[September 8]] &ndash; The [[States General of the Netherlands]] is convened by the leaders of the [[States of Brabant]] and the [[County of Hainaut]] in order to respond to mutineering Spanish troops. 
* [[September 10]] &ndash; After a siege that has lasted a year and two days, the Spanish Army abandons its siege of the Dutch city of [[Woerden]].
* [[September 16]] &ndash; The States of Flanders convene a meeting near [[Ghent]], where the Roman Catholic clergy, led by Martinus Rythovius, insist on measures to protect the practice of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Low Countries.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], ruler of the  [[Holy Roman Empire]] and most of Central Europe since 1564, dies suddenly in [[Regensburg]] while preparing for an Imperial invasion of Poland. Maximilian's 24-year-old son [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf, King of the Romans]] as well as the King of Hungary and of Bohemia, proceeds to [[Vienna]] to assume the Imperial Throne. 
* [[October 20]] &ndash; Spanish rebels [[:nl:Spaanse Furie (Maastricht)|plunder the city of Maastricht]] in Flanders and kill many of the civilian residents in what is later called the "Spaanse Furie" or Fury of Spain.
* [[October 26]] &ndash; In Germany, [[Louis VI, Elector Palatine|Ludwig of Simmern]] becomes the new [[List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine|Elector Palatine of the Rhine]] 10 days after the death of his father, [[Frederick III, Elector Palatine|Frederick III]], taking office at the Palatinate capital at [[Heidelberg]] as Ludwig VI. 
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Rudolf II]] is crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Carmelo Peter Comberiati|title=Late Renaissance Music at the Habsburg Court: Polyphonic Settings of the Mass Ordinary at the Court of Rudolf II, 1576-1612|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mUSy358swX0C&pg=PA11|year=1987|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-2-88124-192-5|pages=11|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]] &ndash; [[Sack of Antwerp]]: In the [[Low Countries]], mutinous [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish]] soldiers sack [[Antwerp]]; after three days the city is nearly destroyed.
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Pacification of Ghent]]: The [[States General of the Netherlands]] meet and unite to oppose pillaging Spanish mutineers.
* [[November 9]] &ndash; Shah Ismail II of Iran begins the execution of all persons whom he believes are a threat to his rule, starting with his half-brothers [[Suleiman Mirza (son of Tahmasp I)|Suleiman Mirza]], Governor of Shiraz, and Mustafa Mirza. Over the next seven months, Ismail arranges the execution of six other half-brothers, Mustafa, Junayd, Mahmud, Qoli, Ahmad, and Murza. 
* [[December 6]] &ndash; Representatives of France's three estates convene at the [[Estates General of 1576]] in [[Blois]] at the invitation of [[Henry III of France|King Henri III]]. Of the 383 delegates, the 187 of the Third Estate (commoners) narrowly vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism and expelling Protestant pastors from the kingdom, while the 110 of the First Estate (clergy) and 86 of the Second Estate (the nobility) strongly oppose ending hostility in the name of religious tolerance.<ref name=Knecht>Robert Knecht, ''Catherine de' Medici'' (Routledge, 2014) p.187</ref>
* [[December 19]] &ndash; Representatives of the nobility of the Second Estate vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism in France.<ref name=Knecht/>
* [[December 22]] &ndash; Representatives of the clergy of the First Estate join the Second vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism.<ref name=Knecht/> By January, the Edict of Beaulieu fails and the [[Sixth War of Religion]] begins later in 1577.
* [[December]] &ndash; [[James Burbage]] opens the first permanent public [[Theater (building)|playhouse]] in Britain, ''[[The Theatre]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=156–159|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[1576 Cocoliztli epidemic]] causes millions of deaths in the territory of [[New Spain]], in modern-day [[Mexico]].
* An early example of autobiography is written in English, by Thomas Whythorne.
* The ''Loci Communes'' of [[Peter Martyr Vermigli]] (d. [[1562]]), edited by [[Robert le Maçon, Sieur de la Fontaine|Robert le Maçon]], are published in London. 
* The following schools are founded in England:
** [[Dartford Grammar School]], by William d'Aeth, Edward Gwyn and William Vaughn.
** [[Sutton Valence School]], by William Lambe.
* [[Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski]] founds [[Ostroh Academy]], the first university-level school in Eastern Europe.
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