Editing 1573 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 25]] (22nd day of 12th month of [[Genki (era)|Genki 3]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Mikatagahara]] in Japan, [[Takeda Shingen]] defeats [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeroen Pieter Lamers|title=Japonius Tyrannus: The Japanese Warlord, Oda Nobunaga Reconsidered|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-CIg2yGJx8C|year=2000|publisher=Hotei Publishing|isbn=978-90-74822-22-0|page=49|language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 28]]
** Articles of the [[Warsaw Confederation]] are signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jedin |first1=Hubert |last2=Dolan |first2=John Patrick |title=History of the Church: Reformation and Counter Reformation |date=1980 |publisher=Burns & Oates |isbn=978-0-86012-085-8 |page=319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJHYAAAAMAAJ&dq=Warsaw+Confederation+religious+freedom+%2228+january+1573%22&pg=PA319 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
** The [[Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt]], started by [[Matija Gubec]],  breaks out against the Croatian nobility, but is suppressed after 18 days.<ref name=Klaic>Vjekoslav Klaić, ''History of the Croats'', Volume 5 (Matica hrvatska,  1988) p.375</ref>
* [[February 2]] &ndash; The [[Wanli Era]] begins in [[Ming dynasty]] [[China]] on the first New Year after 9-year-old [[Zhu Yijun]] ascends the throne.
* [[February 6]] &ndash; In the battle of [[Kerestinec]], General Gašpar Alapić defeats the rebel troops led by Gubec.<ref name=Klaic/>
* [[February 9]] &ndash; Croatian troops, led by General Alapic, defeat the peasant rebellion in the [[Battle of Stubica (1573)|Battle of Stubica]], then begin a violent campaign of vengeance against the conquered rebels.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Horvat |first1=Rudolf |title=Pripovijesti iz hrvatske povjesti |date=1904 |publisher=Društvo sv.Jeronima |pages=42–43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H80JAAAAIAAJ&dq=Ga%C5%A1par+Alapi%C4%87+Bitka+kod+Stubice+%229.+velja%C4%8De+1573.%22&pg=PA42 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=hr}}</ref> Rebellion leaders Matija Gubec and Ivan Pasanec are taken as prisoners of war for a trial for treason at [[Zagreb]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Fourth War of Religion]]: France's Marshal [[Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency|Henri de Montmorency]], begins the [[Sommières#Siege of Sommières 1573|Siege of Sommières]] in southern France. The [[Huguenots]], French Protestants, hold out for almost two months against Montmorency's Catholic troops.
* [[February 15]] &ndash; On orders of the Croatian Viceroy [[Juraj Drašković]], [[Matija Gubec]], the defeated leader of the [[Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt]] is publicly tortured with the placement of a red-hot iron crown on his head, dragged through the streets of Zagreb, and then dismembered.<ref>Oto Lothar et al.''The Land Between: A History of Slovenia'' (Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2008) p.214</ref>
* [[February 16]]&ndash;[[March]] &ndash; The [[siege of Noda Castle]] begins near what is now the city of [[Shinshiro]] in Japan, after the leader of the [[Takeda clan]], the warlord [[Takeda Shingen]], is shot by a sniper after offering generous terms of surrender to the [[Tokugawa clan]], led by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]. By March 10, the Noda Castle surrenders.<ref>Stephen Turnbull, ''Battles of the Samurai'' (Arms and Armour Press, 1987) p.78</ref>
* [[February 23]]&ndash; In the province of Munster in Ireland, the first Desmond Rebellion, led by [[James FitzMaurice FitzGerald]], cousin of the Earl of Desmond, ends at [[Kilmallock]] as FitzGerald makes a humiliating surrender to [[John Perrot]], the provincial leader.<ref>"Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of", ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Vol. 8 (11th ed.), ed. by Hugh Chisholm (Cambridge University Press, 1911) pp. 98–99</ref> 
* [[March 7]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)]] is ended by a peace treaty, confirming the transfer of control of [[Cyprus]] from the [[Republic of Venice]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ágoston |first1=Gábor |title=The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe |date=12 September 2023 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-20539-7 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zS0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian+War+cyprus+dalmatia+%227+march+1573%22&pg=PA245 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and also confirming Turkish occupation of the more fertile region of [[Dalmatia]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 1]] &ndash; On his [[Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573|expedition to the New World]], [[Francis Drake]] and his crew make their most lucrative capture by seizing a wagon train of silver at Panama, near the settlement of [[Nombre de Dios, Colón|Nombre de Dios]].<ref>John Sugden, ''Sir Francis Drake'' (Pimlico Press, 1990) pp. 72-73</ref><ref>N. A. M. Rodger, ''The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain 660–1649'' (Penguin UK, 2004) p.lxxxiii</ref>
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[1573 Polish–Lithuanian royal election]]: [[Kingdom of Poland|Polish]] and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuanian]] nobles gather at [[Warsaw]] to elect a successor to King [[Sigismund II Augustus]], who had died the previous July 7.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leśniewski |first1=Sławomir |title=Jan Zamoyski |date=1991 |publisher=Bellona |pages=28–29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXozFROF9QoC&q=1573 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=pl}}</ref> The vote comes down to four candidates, from France, the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden and Russia.
* [[April 9]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Sommières]] ends with the surrender of the Huguenot defenders, who are spared retaliation by General Montmorency, despite the loss of 2,500 royal troops.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: The [[Battle of Borsele]] is fought as a fleet of Spanish ships is intercepted by Dutch Calvinist rebels (the [[Geuzen]]). While some of the ships are able to complete their mission of supplying the Spanish-governed Netherlands cities of [[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] and [[Arnemuiden]], most are forced to retreat to [[Antwerp|Amberes]] in the Spanish Netherlands, now Antwerp in Belgium.
* [[May 16]]&ndash; The [[Henry III of France|Henry, Duke of Anjou]], son of the late King [[Henry II of France]] is elected to the throne of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] by the Polish nobility, after being nominated on May 11.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaczorowski |first1=Włodzimierz |title=The 400th anniversary of the death of Stanisław Żółkiewski, Hetman and Great Crown Chancellor, Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |journal=Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne |date=2020 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=153–164 |doi=10.25167/osap.3438 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=933790 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=English |issn=1731-8297|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Haarlemmermeer]]: [[Geuzen]] ships, attempting to break the [[siege of Haarlem]], are defeated by a combined Spanish and Amsterdam fleet.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; After [[Henry III of France|Henry, Duke of Anjou]] learns that he has been elected the King of Poland, he agrees to negotiate an end to the [[Siege of La Rochelle (1572–1573)|Siege of La Rochelle]], which has continued for almost nine months against the Huguenots in the western French city, and reaches an agreement with the Huguenot defender, the [[Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery|Count of Montgomery]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], in the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], is founded by [[Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera]].<ref name="Henderson2000">{{cite book|author1=James D. Henderson|author2=Alexander C. Henderson|author3=Helen Delpar|title=A Reference Guide to Latin American History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2F7c0wW7g4C&pg=PA83|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-744-6|pages=83|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 11]] &ndash; The [[Edict of Boulogne]] is signed by [[Charles IX of France]], granting limited rights to [[Huguenot]]s, and ending the [[Fourth War of Religion]] in France.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peiresc |first1=Nicolas Claude Fabri de |title=Abrégé de l'histoire de Provence et autres textes inédits |date=1982 |publisher=Aubanel |isbn=978-2-7006-0096-4 |page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIzpAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2211%20juillet%201573%22 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Siege of Haarlem (1572–73)|Siege of Haarlem]]: Spanish forces under the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alva]] capture [[Haarlem]], after a seven-month siege.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Quijano |first1=Gregorio del Ser |title=Fernando Álvarez de Toledo |date=2008 |publisher=Diputación de Ávila, Institución "Gran Duque de Alba" |isbn=978-84-96433-78-6 |page=281 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5mvs_M1xEoC&q=%20%2212%20de%20julio%20de%201573%22 |access-date=14 January 2024 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; The Duke of Alva begins the siege of [[Alkmaar]] in [[North Holland]], before retreating after seven weeks.<ref name="alkmaar">{{cite book |last1=Lummel |first1=Hendrik Jan van |title=T'zegevierend Alkmaar (Alcmaria victrix) 8 october 1573 |date=1873 |publisher=Van Bentum |pages=17–18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJU6atD36gQC&dq=Alkmaar+toledo+%2221+augustus+1573%22&pg=PA17 |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Oda Nobunaga]] drives the 15th Ashikaga shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki]] out of [[Kyoto]], effectively destroying the Ashikaga shogunate, and historically ending the [[Muromachi period|Muromachi]] and [[Sengoku period]]s. The [[Azuchi–Momoyama period]] of Japan begins.
* [[September 16]] &ndash; In Japan, elimination of the [[Asakura clan]] is completed by Oda Nobunaga after the [[siege of Hikida Castle]] and the [[siege of Ichijōdani Castle]] are completed in eight days. 
* [[September 26]] &ndash; The [[Azai clan]] is eliminated by Oda Nobunaga after the four day [[siege of Odani Castle]] in Japan.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 8]] &ndash; The Spanish abandon the siege of the city of [[Alkmaar]] and concede the city to the Geuzen, the Dutch Calvinist rebels.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blok |first1=Petrus Johannes |title=Geschiedenis eener Hollandsche stad: Eene Hollandsche stad onder de republiek |date=1916 |publisher=M. Nijhoff |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rehWAAAAMAAJ&dq=Geuzen+Alkmaar+%228+october+1573%22&pg=PA47 |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] &ndash; The Spanish under John of Austria take [[Tunis#Spanish occupation and Ottoman control|Tunis]] with little resistance.<ref>Jonathan Riley-Smith, ''The Crusades: A History'' (A&C Black, 2014)</ref>
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Santa Fe, Argentina]], is founded by [[Juan de Garay]].<ref name="Henderson2000"/>
* [[November 29]] &ndash; The Duke of Alva resigns as the Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands, and is succeeded by [[Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga|Luis de Requesens]], who attempts to pursue a more conciliatory policy.<ref>"Literature of Belgium and the Netherlands", in ''The Saturday Review'' (August 25, 1888) p. 246</ref>
* [[December 3]] &ndash; The French Duke of Anjou, recently elected as King Henry of Poland, departs from [[Metz]] with an entourage of 1,200 people, arriving at [[Kraków]] on February 18.<ref>Norman Davies, ''God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795'' (Oxford University Press, ) p. 312</ref>  
* [[December 11]] &ndash; The Governor of Portuguese India issues an edict depriving [[Hinduism|Hindu]] followers of most rights, including the right to receive Jonoa, the share of the village community income.<ref>Manjul K. Agarwal, ''From Bharata to India: Volume 2: the Rape of Chrysee'' p.86</ref>
* [[December 17]] &ndash; Portuguese colonists are expelled from the [[Maldives]], where Portugal has had a presence since 1558, by order of the Sultan's son, Mohamed Bodu Takurufanu al-Azam.<ref>Ian Preston, ''A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia'' (Europa Publications, 2001) p.189</ref>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; In the Republic of Venice, the Council of Ten votes to grant safe conduct to Venice for Spanish and Portuguese Jews.<ref>Alisa Meyuhas Ginio, ''Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World After 1492'' (Routledge, 2014) p. 123</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Sarsa Dengel]], emperor of [[Ethiopia]], defeats the [[Oromo people|Oromo]] in a battle near [[Lake Zway]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adejumobi |first1=Saheed A. |title=The History of Ethiopia |date=30 December 2006 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-08823-0 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rjOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Sarsa+Dengel+oromo+Lake+Zway+%221573%22&pg=PA169 |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* The first [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] galleon, laden with [[silver]] for the [[porcelain]] and [[silk]] trade with the [[Ming Dynasty]] of China, lands at [[Manila]] in the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brook |first1=Timothy |title=The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China |date=18 May 1998 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-92407-9 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dsjaR4-_nuMC&dq=%221573%22+start+of+spanish+silver+trade+china&pg=PA205 |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> This occasion marks the beginning of the Spanish silver trade to China, that will trump that of the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]], the latter of whom acted as an intermediary between the silver mines of Japan, and the luxury items in China to be purchased with that silver. Most of the silver entering China comes from what is now Mexico, [[Bolivia]], and [[Peru]] in the [[New World]].
* The [[Luzhou Laojiao]] liquor is made.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Li |first1=Zhengping |title=Chinese Wine |date=3 March 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-18650-6 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph2QpKioOCcC&dq=Luzhou+Laojiao+%221573%22&pg=PA41 |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys]], [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]], England, is formed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Elizabeth's boys' grammar has been doing its own thing since 1573 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/schools/queen-elizabeths-boys-grammar-has-been-doing-its-own-thing-since-1573-with-impressive-results-9249507.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/schools/queen-elizabeths-boys-grammar-has-been-doing-its-own-thing-since-1573-with-impressive-results-9249507.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=The Independent |access-date=10 June 2019 |language=en |date=9 April 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
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