Editing 1565 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 3]] &ndash; In the [[Tsardom of Russia]], [[Ivan the Terrible]] originates the [[oprichnina]] (repression of the [[boyar]]s (aristocrats)).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madariaga |first1=Isabel de |title=Ivan the Terrible |date=25 September 2006 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-11973-2 |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdFVn1v3FMUC&dq=Ivan+Oprichnina+%223+january+1565%22&pg=PA175 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Battle of Talikota]]: The [[Vijayanagara Empire]], the last [[Hindu]] kingdom in [[South India]], is greatly weakened by the [[Deccan sultanates]].<ref>{{cite book|author=L. P. Sharma|title=History of Medieval India (1000-1740 A.D.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18EKAQAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Konark Publishers|isbn=978-81-220-0042-9|page=266}}</ref>
* [[February 13]] &ndash; Spanish [[Conquistador]] [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] lands with his troops on the shores of [[Cebu Island]] in the [[Philippines]].
* [[March 1]] &ndash; The [[city]] of [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Colonial Brazil|Brazil]], is founded as ''São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro'' by [[Estácio de Sá]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Hermann Matthias Görgen|title=Brazil: Impressions and Insight|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uwrAAAAYAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Pinguin-Verlag|isbn=978-3-7016-2110-1|page=31}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; Spanish Conquistador López de Legazpi makes a [[blood compact]] (''sandugan'') with [[Datu Sikatuna]] in the island of [[Bohol]], Philippines.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cortes |first1=Rosario Mendoza |last2=Boncan |first2=Celestina Puyal |last3=Jose |first3=Ricardo Trota |title=The Filipino Saga: History as Social Change |date=2000 |publisher=New Day Publishers |isbn=978-971-10-1055-3 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hdwAAAAMAAJ&q=%2216%20march%201565%22 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Cebu City]] is established as San Miguel by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Hinchingbrooke School|Huntingdon Grammar School]] is established in England.<ref>{{cite web |title=HISTORY OF HINCHINGBROOKE SCHOOL & ALUMNI |url=https://www.hinchingbrookeschool.net/page/?title=History+of+Hinchingbrooke+School+%26amp%3B+Alumni&pid=886 |website=www.hinchingbrookeschool.net |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] troops land on the island of [[Malta]], beginning the [[Great Siege of Malta]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mallia-Milanes |first1=Victor |title=The Siege of Malta, 1565, revisited |journal=Malta University Historical Society |date=2015 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/25143 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Balbi |first1=Francesco |title=The Siege of Malta, 1565 |date=2005 |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-1-84383-140-2 |page=45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8luF8lm3DgC&q=%2218%20may%22 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Cebu (1565)|Treaty of Cebu]] is signed between [[Miguel López de Legazpi]], representing [[Philip II of Spain]], and [[Rajah Tupas]] of Cebu.<ref>{{cite book |title=Philippine Historical Review |date=1971 |publisher=International Association of Historians of Asia |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3obAAAAIAAJ&q=%20%22june%204%201565%22%20 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> This effectively creates Spanish [[suzerainty]] over Cebu.
* [[June 17]] &ndash; (19th day of 5th month, [[Eiroku]] 8); In Japan, [[Ashikaga Yoshiteru]], the [[Ashikaga shogunate|Ashikaga shogun]], commits ritual suicide after [[Matsunaga Hisahide]] invades [[Kyoto]].<ref>Joyce Ackroyd, ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron'' (University of Queensland Press, 1982) p.332</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The widowed [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], marries her half-cousin [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]], at [[Holyrood Palace]] in Edinburgh, in a [[wedding of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry, Lord Darnley|Catholic ceremony]].<ref>Jenny Wormald, ''Mary, Queen of Scots: Politics, Passion and a Kingdom Lost'' (Tauris Parke, 2001), p. 153.</ref>
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Sark]], in the [[Channel Islands]], is granted as a [[fief]] by [[Elizabeth I]] of England to [[Hellier de Carteret]], [[Seigneur of Saint Ouen]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ewen |first1=Alfred Harry |last2=Carteret |first2=Allan Roper De |title=The Fief of Sark |date=1969 |publisher=Guernsey P. |isbn=978-0-902550-00-1 |pages=33, 35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goIrAQAAIAAJ&q=%226%20august%201565%22 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sark marks 450 years of Royal Charter |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-33801594 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC News |date=6 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[August 26]] &ndash; The [[Chaseabout Raid]] begins in Scotland as a rebellion against Mary, Queen of Scots by her half-brother, by [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray]], following her July 29 marriage to Lord Darnley.
* [[August 28]] (feast day of St. Augustine) &ndash; The Spanish fleet of [[Pedro Menéndez de Avilés]] first sights land in [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Actas del XIV Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas, New York, 16-21 de julio de 2001 |date=2004 |publisher=Asociación internacional de hispanistas |isbn=978-1-58871-049-9 |page=432 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4JdAAAAMAAJ&q=%2228%20de%20agosto%20de%201565%22%20 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Chaseabout Raid]]: Moray and at least 1,000 of his rebels arrive in [[Edinburgh]] for a confrontation with the Scottish crown. After cannon fire from Edinburgh Castle, the rebels retreat toward England to seek help. The rebellion is ended by the end of September.
* [[September 4]] &ndash; The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in Florida to oust the [[Military history of France|French]] under [[Jean Ribault]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marley |first1=David F. |title=Historic Cities of the Americas |date=12 September 2005 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-57607-574-6 |page=627 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkTPEAAAQBAJ&dq=%224+september+1565%22+Pedro+Men%C3%A9ndez+de+Avil%C3%A9s+Jean+Ribault+caroline&pg=PA627 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He later destroys the [[French colonial empire|French colony]] of [[Fort Caroline]].
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[St. Augustine, Florida]] (named after [[Augustine of Hippo]]), is established by [[Pedro Menéndez de Avilés]], becoming the oldest surviving European settlement in the modern-day United States, and a mass of Thanksgiving is said.
* [[September 11]] &ndash; The [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Malta]] lift the [[Great Siege of Malta]] after four months.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 |date=1984 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-162-0 |page=874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrUNi2m_qZAC&q=%2211%20september%201565%22 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Ottavio Gentile Oderico]] is elected to a two-year term as the [[Doge of Genoa|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Genoa]].<ref>Sergio Buonadonna, ''Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797''</ref> 
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fukuda Bay]]: Ships belonging to the [[Matsura clan]] of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading [[carrack]], in the first recorded naval battle between Japan and a European nation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hesselink |first1=Reinier H. |title=The Dream of Christian Nagasaki: World Trade and the Clash of Cultures, 1560-1640 |date=21 December 2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-9961-8 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5MuCwAAQBAJ&q=%2218%20october%22 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 20]] &ndash; In the [[Northern Seven Years' War]], the [[Battle of Axtorna]] is fought in Sweden, near [[Falkenberg]], as [[Daniel Rantzau]] of the Army of Denmark and Norway leads 7,400 troops in defeating a counterattack by over 11,000 Swedish troops led by Jacob Henriksson Hästesko.<ref>Svenska Slagfält: "Axtorna 1565: En fråga om kavalleritaktik" (2003) pp. 69-76</ref>    
* [[October]] &ndash; The first [[Martello tower]], the [[Tour de Mortella]], designed by [[Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino]] (el Fratin), is completed as part of the [[Genoa|Genovese]] defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point, in Upper [[Corsica]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vigano|first=Marino|title=Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and the Tower at Mortella Point, Corsica (1563)|year=2001|journal=Fort|publisher=[[Fortress Study Group]]|volume=29|pages=41–57}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The army of [[Toungoo Dynasty|Burma]], under the command of King [[Bayinnaung]] conquers [[Chiang Mai]], capital of the Siamese Kingdom of [[Lan Na]], and departs on November 30.<ref>''Maha Yazawin'' Vol. 2 2006: pp.285–286</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; The Burmese Army conquers [[Vientiane]], the main city of the kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).
* [[December]] &ndash; The [[Mariovo and Prilep rebellion]] occurs, the very first recorded rebellion by the Macedonian hajduks or voivode against the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Georgieva |first1=Valentina |title=Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia |date=1998 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=978-0-8108-3336-4 |pages=160–161 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000geor/page/160/mode/2up?q=%22mariovo%22 |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[pencil]] is first documented by [[Conrad Gesner]];<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Voice |first1=Eric H. |title=The History of the Manufacture of Pencils |journal=Transactions of the Newcomen Society |date=January 1949 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=131–141 |doi=10.1179/tns.1949.012 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/tns.1949.012 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en |issn=0372-0187}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Petroski |first1=Henry |title=The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance |date=10 November 1992 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-679-73415-4 |pages=37, 46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZ1CuD619GwC&q=1565 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> it is becoming common in England.
* [[John Beddoes School]] is founded at [[Presteigne]], Wales.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howse |first1=William Henry |title=Presteigne, Past and Present |date=1945 |publisher=Jakemans Limited |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7UaAQAAMAAJ&q=John+Beddoes+School+Presteigne+%221565%22 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Herlufsholm School]] is founded at [[Næstved]], Denmark.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bingham |first1=Derek |title=The ECIS International Schools Directory 2009/10 |date=September 2009 |publisher=John Catt Educational Ltd |isbn=978-1-904724-67-4 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mFhU3jhf5AC |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bungay Grammar School]] is established in England.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Houghton |first1=R. R. |title=Bungay Grammar School: 1656-1965 |date=1965 |publisher=Bungay Grammar School |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOhLAAAAMAAJ&q=1565 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>