Editing 1564 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Livonian War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ula]]: A [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]]n surprise attack results in a decisive defeat of the numerically superior [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]]n forces.<ref>{{cite book|author=Giedre Mickunaite|title=Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5zKQM7eEMgC&pg=PA172|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-58-5|pages=172}}</ref>
* [[February 7]] (11th waning of Tabodwe 925 ME) &ndash; [[Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564)|Burmese–Siamese War]]: Invaders from Burma overcome the seaside defenses of the Siamese capital at [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthava]], capturing the batteries of cannons and a set of ships sent by [[Portugal]] to help defend the kingdom.<ref name=Harvey>G. E. Harvey, ''History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824'' (Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1925) pp.167-168</ref>
* [[February 18]] (8th waxing of Tabaung 925 ME) &ndash; The [[Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564)|Burmese–Siamese War]] ends with the surrender of King [[Maha Chakkraphat]] of [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Ayutthaya]] (now [[Thailand]]) to [[Bayinnaung|King Bayinnaung of Burma]]). Chhakkraphat is allowed to go into exile and his son [[Mahinthrathirat]] is installed by Bayinnaung as the vassal king of Ayutthaya.<ref name=Harvey/>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[:pt:Francisco Coutinho, 3.º Conde de Redondo|Francisco Coutinho III, Count of Redondo]] and the [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Viceroy of Portuguese India]], dies and is succeeded by [[:pt:João de Mendonça Furtado|João de Mendonça Furtado]]
* [[February 20]] &ndash; A group of four men assassinate the Spanish [[List of viceroys of Peru|Viceroy of Peru]], [[Diego López de Zúñiga, 4th Count of Nieva]]. López is succeeded temporarily by [[:es:Hernando de Saavedra (oidor)|Hernando de Saavedra]].<ref>Raúl Porras Barrenechea and Rubén Vargas Ugarte, ''Historia general de los Peruanos'', Volume 2, ''El Perú Virreinal'' (Talleres Gráficos, 1977)</ref> 
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Angol]] in [[Chile]]: [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[Conquistador]] [[Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado]] defeats and kills the [[toqui]] [[Illangulién]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barros Arana |first1=Diego |title=Historia general de Chile |date=2000 |publisher=Santiago de Chile University |location=Santiago |pages=256–257 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7986.html |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=es}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 20]] &ndash; French explorer [[René Goulaine de Laudonnière]] and a group of 300 Huguenot Protestants depart from [[Le Havre]] on three ships (''L'Élisabeth'' , ''Le Faucon'' and ''Le Breton'') to colonize what is now the U.S. state of Florida.<ref>Bernard Le Nail, '' L'almanach de la Bretagne'' ("The Almanac of Brittany") (Larousse, 2003)</ref>
* [[May 31]] &ndash; The [[Swedish warship Mars|Swedish warship ''Mars'']], flagship of the Swedish Navy, catches fire while fighting against the navy of Denmark in the [[First battle of Öland (1564)|battle of Öland]] off of the coast of the island of the same name in the [[Baltic Sea]], and sinks along with its crew of 350 sailors and 450 soldiers it had been transporting. The wreckage of the ship will go undiscovered for 447 years until being found on August 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipwreck of 16th-century Swedish vessel found in Baltic |url=https://calgaryherald.com/travel/Shipwreck+16th+century+Swedish+vessel+found+Baltic/5282851/story.html |newspaper=[[Calgary Herald]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=20 August 2011 |access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref> 
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[French people|French]] settlers abandon [[Charlesfort]], the first French attempt at colonizing what is now the United States, and, with the help of a relief force commanded by René Goulaine, establish [[Fort Caroline]] in [[Florida]], near what is now the city of [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rowland |first1=Lawrence Sanders |last2=Moore |first2=Alexander |last3=Rogers |first3=George C. |last4=Rogers Jr. |first4=George C. |last5=Wise |first5=Stephen R. |last6=Spieler |first6=Gerhard |title=The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina: 1514-1861 |date=1996 |publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-57003-090-1 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjdhnfG0tYcC&dq=%22june+22+1564%22+Charlesfort+Fort+Caroline&pg=PA26 |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] In India, the Mughal Emperor Akbar departs from the capital, [[Agra]] (now located in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] on the pretext of hunting elephants, in order to conceal his true purpose of punishing the rebel governor of Malwa, Abdullah Khan Ubzeg.<ref>Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava, ''Akbar the Great: Political History, 1542-1605 A.D.'' (Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1962) pp.357-364</ref>
* [[July 24]] (Full moon of Wagaung 926 ME) &ndash; In Burma (now [[Myanmar]]), [[Min Sekkya]] becomes the new [[List of Burmese monarchs#Mrauk-U (1429–1785)|King of Arakan]] when his half-brother, King [[Min Saw Hla]], dies at age 31 after a long illness.
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]] becomes the new [[Holy Roman Emperor]] upon the death of his father, [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]]. Ferdinand's son [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles]] succeeds his father as the new Archduke of Austria.
* [[August 1]] &ndash; Judge [[Francisco Ceinos]] becomes the new Viceroy of New Spain upon the death of [[Luis de Velasco, 2nd Viceroy of New Spain|Luís de Velasco]]. 
* [[August 6]] &ndash; In India [[Akbar]], ruler of the [[Mughal Empire]], defeats the rebellious governor of Malwa, Abdullah Khan Uzbeg. The defeat comes the day after the Imperial Army's arrival at [[Indore]], now in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].
* [[August 14]] &ndash; Sweden's Army fights [[Action of 14 August 1564|a second naval battle at Öland]] against Denmark and captures three Danish Navy ships (''Böse Lejonet'', ''Morian'', and ''David'') and 600 men.
* [[August 28]] &ndash; King [[Eric XIV of Sweden]], who has been commanding the Swedish Army himself since the start of the [[Northern Seven Years' War]], turns over the responsibility to [[:sv:Nils Andersson Boije|Nils Boije]], who captures [[Varberg]] from Denmark.
* [[September 4]] &ndash; The [[Ronneby Bloodbath]] takes place in [[Ronneby]], Denmark (now in Sweden).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sylvander |first1=Gustaf Volmer |title=Kalmar slotts och stads historia |date=1872 |publisher=Tryckt hos O. Westin |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8tJAQAAMAAJ&dq=Ronneby+blodbad+%224+september+1564%22&pg=PA104 |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Battle of Kawanakajima]] in [[Japan]]: [[Takeda Shingen]] fights the forces of [[Uesugi Kenshin]] for the final time, to a draw.
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[English people|English]] merchant [[Anthony Jenkinson]] returns to London from his second expedition to the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]], having gained a considerable extension of trading rights for the English [[Muscovy Company]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jenkinson |first1=Anthony |title=Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia |date=1886 |publisher=B. Franklin |page=xliv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfTD6HoTNDkC&dq=%22july+1564%22+muscovy+company+london+Anthony+Jenkinson&pg=PR44|access-date=8 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Jenkinson, Anthony|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-14736|year=2004 |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/14736}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Lucrezia Di Siena]], the first well-known female actress in Europe, begins her career by signing a contract with the Commedia dell'arte theatre company in Rome.
* [[October 23]] &ndash; King [[Bayinnaung]] of Burma leads 64,000 men, 3,600 horses and 330 elephants on an invasion of the [[Lan Na]] kingdom (now part of [[Laos]].<ref name=Yazawin>Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 276–278</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The Duchy of [[Savoy]] signs the Treaty of Lausanne with the Swiss [[canton of Bern]] and relinquishes all claims to the canton of [[Vaud]]. 
* [[November 21]] &ndash; Spanish Conquistador [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] sails from [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schreurs |first1=Peter |title=Caraga Antigua, 1521-1910: The Hispanization and Christianization of Agusan, Surigao, and East Davao |date=2000 |publisher=Republic of the Philippines, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Historical Institute |isbn=978-971-538-114-7 |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsUuAQAAIAAJ&q=Miguel+L%C3%B3pez+de+Legazpi+mexico+%2221+november+1564%22 |access-date=9 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Later, he will conquer the [[Philippine Islands]], founding [[Manila]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=HALSTEAD |first1=MURAT |title=THE STORY OF THE PHILIPPINES |date=1898 |publisher=Our Possessions Publishing Company |page=269 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIQcwt7g2wkC&dq=Miguel+L%C3%B3pez+de+Legazpi+founded+manila&pg=PA269 |access-date=9 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; When four divisions of the Burmese Army arrive at [[Lamphun]], {{convert|12.5|mi}} from [[Chiang Mai]], Chiang Mai's defenses flee the city.<ref name=Yazawin/> Bayinnaung spares the life of King Mekuti of Lan Na, and then spends next four months administering the annexed territory. 
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Ivan the Terrible]], Tsar of all the Russias, sends his government a letter of abdication, ostensibly because of embezzlement and treason by the aristocracy and the clergy.<ref>Isabel de Madariaga, ''Ivan the Terrible, First Tsar of Russia'' (Yale University Press, 2005) pp. 176–178</ref> Ivan leaves [[Moscow]] and moves to the city of [[Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast|Alexandrovskaya Sloboda]], taking with him the relics of the palace and most of his royal court, until being persuaded to return in February on the promise that he will have absolute power.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; King [[Charles IX of France]] agrees to the terms of a treaty with the cantons of Switzerland, agreeing for French payment of debts owed to the Swiss for loans made to Charles's father, [[Henry II of France|King Henri II]].<ref>James Thompson, ''The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II'' (Chicago University Press, 1909) pp.241-242</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The first recorded report is made of a "[[Rat king (folklore)|rat king]]".<ref>{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Martin|title=Rats|year=1982|orig-year=c. 1973|publisher=Allison & Busby|isbn=0-85031-297-3|page=66}}</ref>
* ''approx. date'' &ndash; [[Idris Alooma]] starts to rule the [[Bornu Empire|Kanem-Bornu Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kanem-Borno |date=1995 |publisher=Chelsea House Publishers |isbn=978-0-7910-3129-2 |page=33 |url=https://archive.org/details/kanemborno1000ye00kosl/page/32/mode/2up?q=1564 |access-date=9 November 2023}}</ref>
*The first [[Scottish Psalter (1564)|Scottish Psalter]] is published.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Scottish Review |date=1891 |publisher=A. Gardner |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T24l6YzliL8C&dq=Scottish+Psalter+%221564%22&pg=PA7-IA1 |access-date=9 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
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