Editing 1560 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 7]] &ndash; In the [[Kingdom of Scotland]], [[Kingdom of France|French]] troops commanded by [[Henri Cleutin]] and Captain [[Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous]] sail across the [[Firth of Forth]] from [[Leith]], which they are occupying, and fight with the [[Lords of the Congregation]] at Pettycur Bay near [[Kinghorn]].
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Berwick (1560)|Treaty of Berwick]]: Terms are agreed upon with the Lords of the Congregation in Scotland, for forces of the [[Kingdom of England]] to enter Scotland, to expel French troops defending the Regency of [[Mary of Guise]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Huguenot Society of London|title=Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shvkAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Huguenot Society of London|page=633}}</ref> 
* [[March 7]] &ndash; A Spanish-led expedition, commanded by [[Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli]], overruns the Tunisian island of [[Djerba]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan de la Cerda y Silva |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/13856/juan-de-la-cerda-y-silva |website=dbe.rah.es |access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; Leaders of the [[Amboise conspiracy]], including Godefroy de Barry, seigneur de La Renaudie, make an unsuccessful attempt to storm the château of [[Amboise]], where the young French king and queen are residing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boisson |first1=Didier |last2=Daussy |first2=Hugues |title=Les Protestants dans la France moderne |date=2006 |publisher=Belin |isbn=978-2-7011-3334-8 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3jZAAAAMAAJ&q=Jean+du+Barry+Amboise+%2217+mars+1560%22 |access-date=20 October 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> La Renaudie is subsequently caught and executed, along with over 1,000 of his followers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pitts |first1=Vincent J. |title=Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age |date=5 January 2009 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-9027-7 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLQ-DiXXyvsC&dq=Jean+du+Barry+%221000%22+1560&pg=PA17 |access-date=20 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Bairam Khan]], the [[Vakil of the Mughal Empire|Vakil]] or prime minister of India's [[Mughal Empire]], is forced to retire by the [[Akbar the Great|Emperor Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=John F. |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&dq=Bairam+Khan+mughal+%221560%22&pg=PA14 |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Denmark–Norway]] buys the [[Terra Mariana|Estonia]]n island of [[Ösel]], from its [[Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek|last prince-bishop]].
* [[May 11]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Djerba]], the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fleet, commanded by [[Piali Pasha]], overwhelms a large joint European (mainly Spanish) fleet, sinking about half its ships.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glete |first1=Jan |title=Warfare at Sea, 1500-1650: Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe |date=4 January 2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-61078-5 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4SEAgAAQBAJ&dq=half+djerba++Piali+Pasha+%2211+may+1560%22&pg=PA103 |access-date=20 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 12]] (19th day of 5th month of [[Eiroku]] 3) &ndash; In Japan, [[Oda Nobunaga]] defeats [[Imagawa Yoshimoto]] in the [[Battle of Okehazama]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YvEpAQAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Kodansha|isbn=978-0-87011-626-1|page=83}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Edinburgh]] is signed between England, France and Scotland, ending the [[Siege of Leith]]. The French withdraw from Scotland, largely ending the ''[[Auld Alliance]]'' between the two countries, and also ending the wars between England and its northern neighbour.<ref>{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Public Record Office|title=Calendar of State Papers: Foreign Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nio5AQAAMAAJ|year=1966|page=174|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Livonian War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ergeme]]: [[Tsardom of Russia|Russians]] defeat the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]], precipitating the dissolution of the order.
* [[August 17]] &ndash; The [[Scottish Reformation Parliament]] adopts a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] confession of faith and [[Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560|rejects papal authority]], beginning the [[Scottish Reformation]], and disestablishing [[Roman Catholicism in Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland |url=https://www.rps.ac.uk/ |website=www.rps.ac.uk |access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Burnet |first1=George B. |title=The holy communion in the reformed Church of Scotland, 1560-1960 |date=1960 |publisher=Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd |page=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/holycommunioninr0000burn/page/n17/mode/2up?q=1560 |access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; A [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 1560|total eclipse of the sun]] is observable in Europe, which inspires [[Tycho Brahe]]'s interest in astronomy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Observatory |date=1890 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=London |page=397 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LYJRAAAAYAAJ&dq=solar+eclipse+21+august+1560+%22europe%27&pg=PA397 |access-date=21 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] &ndash; After [[Robert Sempill, 3rd Lord Sempill]], a Scottish Catholic, continues to resist the [[Scottish Reformation]], the [[James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault|Duke of Châtellerault]] and the [[James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran|Earl of Arran]] commence a siege of [[Castle Semple]] at [[Lochwinnoch]]. They begin firing artillery at the castle on September 23 and destroy [[The Peel of Castle Semple|the gatehouse]]. 
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Eric XIV of Sweden|Eric XIV]] becomes [[monarchy of Sweden|King]] of [[Sweden]], upon the death of his father, [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rudbeck |first1=Ture Gustaf |title=Försök till beskrifning öfver Sveriges städer i historiskt, topografiskt och statistiskt hänseende|date=1855 |publisher=Albert Bonniers förlag |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZgNAQAAIAAJ&dq=gustav+eric+xiv+sverige+%2229+september+1560%22&pg=PA16 |access-date=21 October 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 4]] &ndash; Queen Elizabeth of England notifies the official treasurers and Lords Mayor throughout the kingdom that the existing coins will be replaced and that those in circulation are to be devalued, to be stricken with a special mark to indicate lesser worth. Treasurers are all instructed to send the coins withdrawn from circulation to be sent to the Royal Mint to be melted down for the new coins.<ref>John Stow, ''The Chronicles of England from Brute unto this Present Year of 1580'' (Henry Bynneman for Ralph Newbury, Cum Privilegio, London 1580), [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A13043.0001.001/1:47?rgn=div1;view=fulltext p. 1115] (Umich/eebo).</ref>
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The siege of Castle Semple ends after 31 days when the defenders wave the white flag of surrender.<ref>{{Cite book|author=William M. Metcalfe|year=1905|title=A History of the County of Renfrew from the Earliest Times|publisher=Alexander Gardener|page=213}}</ref> 
* [[October 29]] &ndash; Queen Elizabeth directs the minting of the first [[Milled coinage|machine produced coins]] in the Kingdom to completely replace [[hammered coinage]], produced manually.
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Eloy Mestrelle]] is given authority to commence the production of the new English coinage on machines he has brought over from France for the purpose of mass production.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Symonds|first1= H. |date=1916|title=The mint of Queen Elizabeth and those who worked there|journal=Spink and Son's Numismatic Circular|volume=16 |pages=61–105 }}</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] succeeds his brother [[Francis II of France|Francis]] as King of France, after Francis dies of a severe ear infection at the age of 16. Francis's mother (Mary's mother-in-law), [[Catherine de' Medici]], becomes regent of [[Kingdom of France|France]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Isidore Silver|title=Ronsard and the Hellenic Renaissance in France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTHj7__GyXIC&pg=PA382|year=1961|publisher=Librairie Droz|isbn=978-2-600-03094-6|pages=382}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The complete [[Geneva Bible]] is published.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Metzger |first1=Bruce M. |title=The Geneva Bible of 1560 |journal=Theology Today |date=1960 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=339–352 |doi=10.1177/004057366001700308 |s2cid=170946047 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004057366001700308?journalCode=ttja |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
* The first scientific society, the [[Academia Secretorum Naturae]], is founded in [[Naples]] by [[Giambattista della Porta]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Bergin, Thomas G.|title=Encyclopedia of the Renaissance|location=Oxford; New York|publisher=New Market Books|year=1987}}</ref>
* [[Solihull School]] is founded in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]] of England.<ref>{{cite book |title=Independent schools yearbook : 1997/98 boys' schools, girls' schools, co-educational schools & preparatory schools |date=1997 |publisher=A & C Black |location=London |isbn=978-0-7136-4752-5 |page=329 |url=https://archive.org/details/independentschoo0000unse_n7m4/page/328/mode/2up?q=solihull |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.solsch.org.uk/page/?title=Our+History&pid=47 |website=solsch.org.uk |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
* The oldest surviving [[violin]] (dated inside), known as the ''Charles IX'', is made in [[Cremona]], in northern [[Italy]].
* The [[Mongols]] invade and occupy [[Qinghai]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paludan |first1=Ann |title=Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-reign Record Of The Rulers Of Imperial China |date=24 March 2009 |publisher=WW Norton |isbn=978-0-500-28764-4 |page=182 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYzrAAAAMAAJ&q=Qinghai+mongols+%221560%22 |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* The great age of [[piracy in the Caribbean]] starts around this time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Narayan |first1=S. S. |title=Sea Pirates |date=2009 |publisher=Sumit Enterprises |isbn=978-81-8420-167-3 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OoaAQAAMAAJ&q=1560 |access-date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>