Editing 1554 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; A great fire breaks out in [[Eindhoven]], Netherlands.
* [[January 12]] (10th waxing of Tabodwe 915 ME) &ndash; [[Bayinnaung]] is crowned king of the Burmese [[Taungoo Dynasty]] at his new capital at [[Bago, Myanmar|Pegu]], after a previous coronation on January 11, 1551, and takes the regnal name of Thiri Thudhamma Yaza.<ref>{{cite book | author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | author-link=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | title=[[Hmannan Yazawin]] | volume=2 | orig-year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=my | year=2003 | publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Myanmar]] |pages=280–281}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon|Edward Courtenay]], one of the four plotters of [[Wyatt's rebellion]] in England, is arrested and reveals that an attempt will be made to overthrow the English government.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thorp |first=Malcolm R. |title=Religion and the Wyatt Rebellion of 1554 |journal=Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture |volume=47 |number=4 |year=1978 |jstor=3164313 |page=375|doi=10.2307/3164313 }}</ref>
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[São Paulo]], [[Colonial Brazil|Brazil]], is founded.<ref>{{cite book|author=University of Gauhati|title=Journal of the University of Gauhati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y9QMJ4lXdEAC|year=1952|publisher=The University|page=237}}</ref>
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Wyatt's rebellion]] begins in England at [[Maidstone]] as [[Thomas Wyatt the Younger|Sir Thomas Wyatt]] reads a proclamation that Queen Mary of England’s marriage to King Philip of Spain will "bring upon this realm most miserable servitude, and establish popish religion". Within two days, Wyatt has raised 2,000 soldiers to join his plan to overthrow Queen Mary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fletcher |first=Anthony |title=Tudor Rebellions |publisher=Longman Group Limited |edition=Second |year=1970 |page=81 |isbn=9780582313897 |url=https://archive.org/details/tudorrebellions0000flet_t8l4/mode/2up |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk]], one of the English conspirators in Wyatt's rebellion, leads troops from [[Leicester]] to [[Coventry]], but the group finds that the gates of the city are closed because the rebellion has been exposed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Froude |first=James Anthony |title=The Reign of Mary Tudor |publisher=London: J. M. Dent & Sons, New York: P. Dutton & Co. |year=1910  |url=https://archive.org/details/reignofmarytudor01frou/mode/2up |access-date=8 December 2021 |pages=100–101}}</ref> 
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[Thomas Wyatt the Younger|Thomas Wyatt]] surrenders to government forces in [[London]].<ref name=Palmer1992>{{cite book |last1=Palmer |first1=Alan |last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica |year=1992 |title=The Chronology of British History |publisher=Century Ltd |location=London |pages=150–153 |isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; After claiming the throne of [[Kingdom of England|England]] the previous year, [[Lady Jane Grey]] is beheaded for treason.
* [[March 18]] &ndash; Princess [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]] is imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]] on charges of working with the organizers of [[Wyatt's rebellion]] for the overthrow of Queen Mary of England.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prescott |first=H. F. M. |title=Mary Tudor: The Spanish Tudor |publisher=Phoenix |edition=1953 Reissue |year=1953 |pages=325–326 |isbn=9781842126257 |url=https://archive.org/details/marytudorspanish0000pres |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Mary of Guise]] becomes [[Regent]] of Scotland.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]] is released from the Tower of London, although she continues to be confined at home after she is cleared of suspicion of conspiracy to overthrow the government. 
* [[June 11]] &ndash; Italian General [[Piero Strozzi]] successfully defends an attack on the [[Republic of Siena]] by French troops, led by [[Cosimo de' Medici]] at the battle of [[Pontedera]], but suffers a tremendous loss of his own troops in the process.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 25]]&ndash; Queen [[Mary I of England]] [[Wedding of Mary I of England and Philip of Spain|marries]] King [[Philip II of Spain|Prince Philip of Naples]], the only son of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] and heir to the throne of Spain, at [[Winchester Cathedral]] just two days after their first meeting.<ref>[[David Loades]], ''The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England, 1553–58'' (Longman, 1991) pp. 224–225 {{ISBN|0-582-05759-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Changing Places: The Marriage and Royal Entry of Philip, Prince of Austria, and Mary Tudor, July-August 1554 |first=Alexander |last=Samson |journal=[[The Sixteenth Century Journal]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |year=2005 |pages=761–784 |doi=10.2307/20477489 |jstor=20477489}}</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Marciano]]: [[Siena|Senese]]–French forces are defeated by the [[Florence|Florentine]]–[[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] army.
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Battle of Renty]]: French forces led by [[Francis, Duke of Guise]] turn back an invasion of [[Picardy]], by Charles V.
* [[September 13]] (Shawwal 15, 961 AH) &ndash; At the [[Battle of Tadla]] in Morocco, [[Mohammed ash-Sheikh]], ruler of the [[Saadi dynasty]] enters the city of Fez and becomes the undisputed sultan. [[Ali Abu Hassun]], last ruler of the Wattasid dynasty, flees.<ref>Jamil Marhi and Abu Al-Nasr, ''History of Morocco in the Islamic Era'' (Cambridge University Press, 1987) p.155</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 8]] &ndash; In Peru, an 11-month long rebellion by [[Francisco Hernández Girón]] is ended at the [[History of Cusco#Civil wars (1538-1554)|Battle of Pucará]] with the rebels defeated by the Viceroy of Peru near [[Cusco|Cuzco]].<ref>Severo Martinez Pelaez, ''La patria del criollo: ensayo de interpretación de la realidad colonial guatemalteca'' (Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2013)</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=John Michael Francis |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMNoS-g1h8cC&dq=pedro+de+la+gasca+jaquijahuana+early+americas&pg=PA235 |page=235 |title=Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia|volume=1|publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |isbn=1851094210}}</ref>
* [[October 21]] &ndash; The [[Plassenburg]] castle in Bavaria, residence of the ruling [[House of Hohenzollern]] in the [[Principality of Ansbach]], is destroyed during the [[Second Margrave War]].<ref>[http://www.stadt-kulmbach.de/pub/index.php?mid=19 Geschichte der Stadt Kulmbach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129184824/http://stadt-kulmbach.de/pub/index.php?mid=19 |date=2009-01-29 }} auf der städtischen Homepage</ref>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; English captain [[John Lok]], commanding three ships (the ''Trinitie'', the ''Bartholomew'' and the ''John Evangelist''), departs from Dartmouth in England to voyage to the [[Guinea (region)|Guinea Coast]] at West Africa.<ref name=Hakluyt>Richard Hakluyt, ''The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation Made by Sea Or Overland to the Remote and Farthest Distant Quarters of the Earth at Any Time Within the Compass of These 1600 Years'' (1597, reprinted by J. M. Dent and Sons, Ltd., 1927) pp.47-50 ("The first day of November at nine of the clocke at night, departing from the coast of England, se set off...")</ref><ref name=tts245>{{cite book |first=Bernard |last=Grun |title=The Timetables of History |edition=3rd |location=New York |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1991 |page=[https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun/page/245 245] |isbn=0-671-74919-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A general history and collection of voyages and travels |volume=7 |first=Robert |last=Kerr |author-link=Robert Kerr (writer) |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Blackwood |year=1824 |page=229 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-BCAAAAcAAJ&q=Lok+Guinea+1554&pg=PA229|access-date=2011-11-27}}</ref>
* [[November 22]] &ndash; Upon the death of his father, Sultan [[Islam Shah Suri]], 10-year-old [[Firuz Shah Suri]] becomes the Sultan of the [[Sur Empire]] at [[Delhi]], but he is murdered within a few days.
* [[December 22]] &ndash; The John Lok expedition reaches [[Guinea]], anchoring at the Sesto River and remains for seven days to begin trading.<ref name=Hakluyt/>"<ref>p.50 ("The two and twentieth of December we came to the river of Sesto & remained there until the nine and twentieth day of said moneth.")</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Mikael Agricola]] becomes the bishop of [[Turku]].
* [[Saadi dynasty|Saadi]] conquers the [[Kingdom of Fez]].
* Exact center year of [[Counter Reformation]].
* The name of the beer brewed by [[New Belgium Brewing Company]] is based on a recipe from this date, called "1554."
* [[Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)|Luso-Chinese agreement]]: Portugal reaches an agreement with the [[Ming Dynasty]] of China, to be allowed to legally trade in the province of Guangdong. This agreement is often seen as a starting point of the Portuguese colony of Macau
* [[Rao Surjan Singh]] becomes ruler of [[Bundi State|Bundi]].