Editing 1550 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Spanish Captain [[Hernando de Santana]] founds the city of [[Valledupar]], in modern-day [[Colombia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Socarrás |first1=José Francisco |title=Apuntes sobre la historia de Valledupar |date=2000 |publisher=Plaza & Janés |isbn=978-958-14-0324-0 |page=105 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qeRrAAAAMAAJ&q=%226%20de%20enero%20de%201550%22 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[February 7]] &ndash; After a [[1549–1550 papal conclave|10-week conclave]] in [[Rome]] to elect a new Pope, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Bishop of Palestrina, is selected on the 61st ballot after [[Reginald Pole]] of England falls two votes short of winning. Ciocchi del Monte takes the name [[Pope Julius III]] and is crowned the next day, succeeding the late [[Pope Paul III]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=Marcia B. |title=Rome |date=18 April 2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-62445-9 |page=216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gt5gtrqoKOIC&dq=Pope+Julius+III+paul+%228+february+1550%22&pg=PA216 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; (10th day of 2nd month of Tenbun 19) In [[Ōita (city)|Oita]], [[Ōita Prefecture]], an attack within the [[Ōtomo clan]] of Japanese samurai takes place after clan leader Ōtomo Yoshikazu seeks to disinherit his oldest son and to make his third son, Ōtomo Shioichimaru, as his designated successor. Supporters of the oldest son, [[Ōtomo Sōrin|Ōtomo Yoshishige]], invade Yoshikazu's home and kill Shioichimaru and four other family members.<ref>Ryo Akagami, ''Otomo Nikai Kusuru'' ( Nihon Keizai Shimbun Publishing , February 21, 2018) ISBN 978-4532171469</ref>
* [[March 12]]
** [[Arauco War]]: [[Battle of Penco]] &ndash; Several hundred [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] and indigenous troops under the command of [[Pedro de Valdivia]] defeat an army of 60,000 [[Mapuche]] in modern-day [[Chile]].  
** [[Acapulco]] is founded by 30 families sent from [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Escudero |first1=Francisco R. |title=Origen y evolución del turismo en Acapulco |date=1998 |publisher=Universidad Americana de Acapulco |isbn=978-968-7524-02-3 |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kYNAAAAYAAJ&q=%2212%20marzo%22 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
*[[March 24]] &ndash; "[[Rough Wooing]]": England and France sign the Treaty of Boulogne, by which England withdraws from [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] in France and returns territorial gains in Scotland.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/218|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/218 218–223]}}</ref>
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Sherborne School]] in England is refounded by King [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Doubleday |first1=Herbert Arthur |title=The Victoria History of the County of Warwick: Warwickshire |date=1908 |publisher=A. Constable |page=348 |isbn=978-0-19-722734-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qp44AQAAMAAJ&dq=Sherborne+School+refounded+%2229+march+1550%22&pg=PA348 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wildman |first1=W. B. |title=A short history of Sherborne from 705 A.D |date=1902 |publisher=Bennett |location=Sherborne |page=82 |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofsh00wilduoft/page/82/mode/2up?q=march |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 16]] &ndash; The [[Valladolid debate]] on the rights and treatment of [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] by their Spanish conquerors opens at the [[Colegio de San Gregorio]] in [[Valladolid]], Castile.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Covey |first1=R. Alan |title=Chronology, Succession, and Sovereignty: The Politics of Inka Historiography and Its Modern Interpretation |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |date=January 2006 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=169–199 |doi=10.1017/S0010417506000077 |s2cid=145472763 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/abs/chronology-succession-and-sovereignty-the-politics-of-inka-historiography-and-its-modern-interpretation/BE5981DDFCD896D4ECC8BFB818A4B6EB |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en |issn=1475-2999}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=León Guerrero |first1=María Montserrat |last2=Aparicio Gervas |first2=Jesús María |title=La controversia de Valladolid (1550-1551). El concepto de igualdad del "otro" |journal=Boletín americanista |date=2018 |issue=76 |pages=135–154 |url=https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/45685 |access-date=2 October 2023 |issn=0520-4100}}</ref>
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[List of Burmese monarchs#Toungoo (1510–1752)|King]] [[Tabinshwehti]] of Burma is assassinated by two of his bodyguards while he is on a hunting trip. The two swordsmen, sent by [[Smim Sawhtut]], Governor of Sittaung, behead the King, and a civil war begins as major governors rebel against the new Burmese King [[Bayinnaung]].<ref>{{cite book | author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | author-link=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | title=[[Hmannan Yazawin]] | volume=2 |orig-year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=my | year=2003 |pages=257–258 | publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Myanmar]]}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; Italian Protestant [[Michelangelo Florio]], jailed since 1548 before being brought to trial for and sentenced to death for heresy, escapes from prison and is able flee to France.<ref>Francis A. Yates, ''John Florio, The Life of an Italian in Shakespeare's England'' (Cambridge University Press 1934)</ref>  
* [[May 15]] &ndash; The [[vestments controversy]] is resolved in the Church of England with a compromise on the style of clothing worn by Anglican priests. [[John Hooper (bishop)|John Hopper]] is allowed ordination as the Bishop of Gloucester without being required to wear Anglican vestments, but must not forbid anyone in his bishoporic from wearing the vestments if they wish.<ref>{{Citation |last =Primus |first =John Henry |title =The Vestments Controversy |publisher =J. H. Kok |year =1960 }}</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; The Spanish Catalan city of [[Cullera]] is plundered by the Ottoman Empire General [[Dragut|Dragut Reis]],<ref>Pere Joan Porcar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_72pB5_q_VAC&dq=cullera+1550&pg=PA48 Pere Joan Porcar: coses evengudes en la ciutat y regne de València: Dietari (1585-1629)]'' (Editoriales Góngora, 1934, reprinted by Universitat de València, 2012) p.48</ref> and most of its inhabitants are sold into slavery in [[Algeria]].
* [[June 12]] &ndash; The city of [[Helsinki]] (now in [[Finland]] but known as Helsingfors in [[Sweden]] at this time) is founded by King [[Gustav I of Sweden]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kent |first1=Neil |title=Helsinki: A Cultural and Literary History |date=2004 |publisher=Signal Books |isbn=978-1-902669-75-5 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYlFZE2GoBMC&q=1550 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Capture of Mahdia (1550)]]: The Spanish Armada arrives in [[North Africa]] to begin the process of capturing the fortress of [[Mahdia]] (now in [[Tunisia]]) from control of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=Duro>{{cite book |last= Fernández Duro |first= Cesáreo |title= Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón |volume=I |year=1895 |publisher=Sucesores de Rivadeneyra|location=Madrid, Spain |language=es |pages=282–284}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 21]] &ndash; The [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) is approved by [[Pope Julius III]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Malley |first1=John W. |last2=Bailey |first2=Gauvin Alexander |last3=Harris |first3=Steven J. |last4=Kennedy |first4=T. Frank |title=The Jesuits II: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773 |date=12 May 2016 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4875-1207-1 |page=xxiii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0spDAAAQBAJ&q=%2221%20july%201550%22 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Capture of Mahdia (1550)]]: Troops commanded by Ottoman General Turgut Reis make a counterattack on the Spanish invaders, led by General Andrea Doria. Both sides sustain heavy losses, and the Spanish succeed in forcing the Ottomans to retreat back inside Mahdia.<ref name=Duro/>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; The [[University of Santa Catalina]] is authorized in [[Spain]] by a canonical bull from [[Pope Julius III]].<ref>[http://biblioteca2.uclm.es/biblioteca/CECLM/ARTREVISTAS/Wad/wad19Frias.pdf De Frías Balsa JV. Alcarreños graduados en la Pontificia y Real Universidad de Santa Catalina, en El Burgo de Osma (1612-1615). Wad-Al-Hayara. 1992; (19):355-72.]</ref>
* [[September 2]] (5th waning of Tawthalin 912 ME) &ndash; King [[Bayinnaung]] of [[Burma]] begins a four-month siege of the former Burmese capital, [[Toungoo]], occupied by the king's rebellious brother [[Minkhaung]].
* [[September 10]] &ndash; Spanish troops, commanded by Genoa's General [[Andrea Doria]], [[Capture of Mahdia (1550)|capture the Tunisian fortress]] of [[Mahdia]] from the Ottoman Empire after fighting that began on June 28.<ref name=Duro/>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sauðafell]] in [[Iceland]]: [[Daði Guðmundsson]] of Snóksdalur defeats the forces of Catholic Bishop [[Jón Arason]], resulting in [[Icelandic Reformation|Iceland becoming fully Protestant]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oleson |first1=Tryggvi J. |title=Bishop Jón Arason 1484-1550 |journal=Speculum |date=1953 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.2307/2849686 |jstor=2849686 |s2cid=163514382 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2849686 |access-date=5 October 2023 |issn=0038-7134}}</ref> Arason is captured; he is executed, along with his two sons, on November 7. 
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Altan Khan]] crosses the [[Great Wall of China]] and besieges [[Beijing]], burning the suburbs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haw |first1=Stephen G. |title=Beijing – A Concise History |date=22 November 2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-15033-5 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8J8AgAAQBAJ&q=1550 |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Luis de Velasco, 2nd Viceroy of New Spain|Luis de Velasco]] becomes the second [[List of viceroys of New Spain|Viceroy of New Spain]], which encompasses all Spanish territory in North America and Central America. Velasco succeeds [[Antonio de Mendoza]], the first Viceroy, who has been ordered to become the [[Viceroy of Peru]].
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Bhuvanaikabahu VII of Kotte|Bhuvanaikabahu VII]], King of [[Kingdom of Kotte|Kotte]] on most of the island of [[Sri Lanka]], is assassinated by a gunman hired by the government of [[Portuguese India]].<ref>{{cite book|last=De Qyeyroz|first=Fernao|title=Temporal and Spiritual Conquest of Ceylon|publisher=A. C. Richards |date= 1930 |page=293}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[summit level canal]] between the [[Alster]] and the [[Trave]] in Germany ceases to be navigable.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alster-Beste Kanal (Alster-Trave-Kanal.)|url=http://lost.eb2a.com/alster.html?i=1|work=Lost Canals of Schleswig-Holstein|date=2007-05-29|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref>
* The first grammatical description of the [[French language]] is published by [[Louis Maigret (grammarian)|Louis Maigret]].<ref>{{cite thesis |first=KINTZING |last=Emmons Jr. |date=1972 |title=THE GRAMMAR OF LOUIS MEIGRET: ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF FRENCH LINGUISTICS |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/cb148de933235340771b92bf32ccaa88/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y|type=Ph.D. |chapter=Preface |publisher=Cornell University |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>
* The first book in [[Slovene language|Slovene]], ''[[Catechismus]]'', written by [[Protestant]] reformer [[Primož Trubar]], is printed in [[Schwäbisch Hall]], [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Joze Krasovec|title=The Interpretation of the Bible: The International Symposium in Slovenia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jiukF7F_r3cC&pg=PA1078|date=1 October 1999|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-567-34563-9|pages=1078}}</ref>
* [[Nostradamus]]' first [[almanac]] is written.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Ian |title=Nostradamus : the man behind the prophecies |date=2002 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-31790-4 |page=59 |url=https://archive.org/details/nostradamusmanbe0000wils/page/58/mode/2up?q=1550 |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>
* Approximate date &ndash; The discovery of [[silver]] at [[Guanajuato]] in [[Mexico]] stimulates silver rushes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bethell |first1=Leslie |title=Colonial Spanish America |date=7 May 1987 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-34924-6 |page=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozE7AAAAIAAJ&dq=silver+rushes+Zacatecas+Guanajuato+%221550%22&pg=PA206 |access-date=3 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>