Editing 1536 (section)

== Events ==
[[File:Jakob Huter.jpg|110px|thumb|[[February 25]]: [[Jacob Hutter]] is burned at the stake.]]<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
*[[January 6]] &ndash; The [[Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco]], the oldest European school of higher learning in the Americas,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Estarellas |first1=Juan |title=The College of Tlatelolco and the Problem of Higher Education for Indians in 16th Century Mexico |journal=History of Education Quarterly |date=1962 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=234–243 |doi=10.2307/367072 |jstor=367072 |s2cid=147210540 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/367072 |access-date=18 August 2023 |issn=0018-2680}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Llinás |first1=Edgar |title=The Issue of Autonomy in the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico |journal=Revista de Historia de América |date=1991 |issue=112 |pages=105–119 |jstor=20139800 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20139800 |access-date=18 August 2023 |issn=0034-8325}}</ref> is established by [[Franciscans]] in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gagliano |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Ronan |first2=Charles E. |title=Jesuit Encounters in the New World: Jesuit Chroniclers, Geographers, Educators and Missionaries in the Americas, 1549-1767 |date=1997 |publisher=Institutum Historicum S.I. |isbn=978-88-7041-350-2 |page=184 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xIVaAAAAMAAJ&q=%226%20january%201536%22%20fransicians%20mexico%20city |access-date=18 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[John of Leiden]], [[Bernhard Knipperdolling]] and [[Bernhard Krechting]] are executed in [[Münster]] for their roles in the [[Münster Rebellion]].<ref name="exe">{{cite book |last1=Haude |first1=Sigrun |title=In the Shadow of "Savage Wolves": Anabaptist Münster and the German Reformation during the 1530s |date=10 January 2022 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-47580-9 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gghZEAAAQBAJ&dq=%2222+january+1536%22+munster+rebellion++Leiden+Knipperdolling+Krechting&pg=PA16 |access-date=18 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 24]] &ndash; King [[Henry VIII]] of England is seriously injured when he falls from his horse at a jousting tournament in [[Greenwich]], after which the fully armored horse falls on him. The King is unconscious for two hours, sustaining an injury to an [[ulceration|ulcerated]] leg and a [[concussion]].<ref>"Jousting", in ''Henry VIII: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works'', by Clayton Drees (Rowman & Littlefield, 2022) p.143</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chalmers |first1=Cr |last2=Chaloner |first2=Ej |title=500 years later: Henry VIII, leg ulcers and the course of history |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |date=1 December 2009 |volume=102 |issue=12 |pages=514–517 |doi=10.1258/jrsm.2009.090286 |pmid=19966126 |pmc=2789029 |language=en |issn=0141-0768}}</ref><ref>Phillipa Vincent Connolly,''Disability and the Tudors: All the King's Fools'' (Pen & Sword Books, 2021)</ref>
* [[February 2]] &ndash; Spanish conquistador [[Pedro de Mendoza]] founds [[Buenos Aires]] in what is now [[Colonial Brazil|Argentina]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Escobar |first1=Ismael Bucich |title=Buenos Aires--ciudad |date=1921 |publisher=Moro |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9c4AQAAMAAJ&dq=Pedro+de+Mendoza+Buenos+Aires+%222+de+febrero+de+1536%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=18 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] &ndash; A [[Franco-Ottoman alliance]] exempts French merchants from [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] law and allows them to travel, buy and sell throughout the [[sultan]]'s dominions, and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports.<ref name="FO">{{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Stanford Jay |last2=Shaw |first2=Ezel Kural |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey |date=1976 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-21280-9 |pages=97,177 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan/page/96/mode/2up?q=1536 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> The compact is confirmed in [[1569]].<ref name="FO" />
* [[February 25]] &ndash; Tyrolean Anabaptist leader [[Jacob Hutter]], founder of the [[Hutterites]], is [[burned at the stake]] in Innsbruck for [[Heresy in Christianity|heresy]].<ref name="hutt">{{cite book |title=The chronicle of the Hutterian Brethren |date=1987 |publisher=Plough Pub. House |location=Rifton |isbn=978-0-87486-021-4 |page=XIV |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofhutte0001unse/page/n17/mode/2up?q=1536 |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha]], [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] since 1523, is executed after falling into disfavor with [[Roxelana|Hürrem Sultan]], the wife of Ottoman Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]. After Hürrem persuades her husband that Pargali Ibrahim has become a threat as his money and power have increased, Suleiman hosts an elaborate dinner with Pargali as his guest. After the dinner ends, Pargali prepares to go to bed but is seized and strangled upon reaching his bedroom.<ref>[[Roger Bigelow Merriman|R. B. Merriman]], ''Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520-1566'' (Harvard University Press, 1944) pp 184–185</ref>
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Ayas Mehmed Pasha]] is appointed by the Sultan Suleiman to be the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
* [[March]] 
** The first edition of [[John Calvin]]'s ''[[Institutes of the Christian Religion]]'', a seminal work of [[Protestant]] [[systematic theology]], is published in [[Basel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/special/131christians/calvin.html|title=John Calvin|work=[[Christian History]]|publisher=Christianity Today International|date=8 August 2008|access-date=15 December 2013|archive-date=December 4, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204190935/http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/special/131christians/calvin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** The [[Italian War of 1536–1538]] resumes between [[Francis I of France]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Buchan |first1=John |last2=Gleichen |first2=Lord Edward |title=France; the Nations of To-day: A New History of the World |date=1923 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWQxAQAAIAAJ&dq=Italian+War+francis+i+charles+v+%22march+1536%22&pg=PA36 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Francis seizes control of [[Savoy]], and captures [[Turin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tanner |first1=Emmeline Mary |title=The Renaissance and the Reformation: A Textbook of European History 1494-1610 |date=1908 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JvlxFmxOM-UC&dq=Italian+War+savoy+turin+francis+%22march+1536%22&pg=PA88 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Charles triumphally enters [[Rome]], following the ''Via Triumphalis'', and delivers a speech before the Pope and College of Cardinals, publicly challenging the king of France to a duel.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Count's Feud]]: [[Malmø]] surrenders to King [[Christian III of Denmark]].
* [[April 14]] &ndash; The Reformation Parliament in England passes an Act for the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/210|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/210 210–215]}}</ref> Religious houses closed as part of Henry VIII's dissolution include: [[Basingwerk Abbey]], [[Bourne Abbey]], [[Brinkburn Priory]], [[Buildwas Abbey]], [[Cartmel Priory]], [[Dorchester Abbey]], [[Dore Abbey]], [[Haltemprice Priory]], [[Keldholme Priory]] and [[Tintern Abbey]].
* [[April]] &ndash; ''[[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542#The Acts|An Acte for Laws & Justice to be ministred in Wales in like fourme as it is in this Realme]]'' further incorporates the legal system of [[Wales]] into that of England.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=145–148|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Anne Boleyn]], second queen of [[Henry VIII of England]], is arrested on the grounds of incest, adultery and treason.<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry VIII: May 1536, 1-10 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol10/pp329-349 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Incan emperor]] [[Manco Inca Yupanqui]], having on [[April 18]] escaped from imprisonment in [[Cuzco]], begins his revolt against his captors, when his army begins the 10-month [[Siege of Cuzco]] against a garrison of Spanish [[conquistador]]s and Indian auxiliaries, led by [[Hernando Pizarro]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hemming |first1=John |title=The conquest of the Incas |date=1993 |publisher=Papermac |location=London |isbn=978-0-333-51794-9 |pages=185–187 |url=https://archive.org/details/conquestofincas0000hemm_j0r5/page/186/mode/2up?q=pizarro |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Thomas Cranmer]] declares [[Henry VIII of England]]'s marriage to [[Anne Boleyn]] to be null and void.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmer |first1=Alan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4sUAQAAIAAJ |title=The Chronology of 19 May Anne Boleyn beheaded. British History |last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica |publisher=Century |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0 |page=147}}</ref>
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Anne Boleyn]] is beheaded.<ref name="anne">{{cite book |last1=Weir |first1=Alison |title=The lady in the tower : the fall of Anne Boleyn |date=2009 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |location=London |isbn=978-0-224-06319-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladyintowerfallo0000weir_n8m3/page/258/mode/2up?q=%2219+may%22 |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; The [[Inquisition]] is implemented in [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herculano |first1=Alexandre |title=Historia de origem e establecimento da inquisição em Portugal |date=1897 |publisher=Tavares Cardoso & Irmão |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjtGAAAAYAAJ&q=%20%2223%20de%20maio%20de%201536%22%20estabelecera |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Memórias da Academia real das sciencias de Lisboa |date=August 19, 2023 |page=150 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ik7mAAAAMAAJ&dq=inquisi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+portugal+%2223+de+maio+de+1536%22&pg=RA1-PA150 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=pt}}</ref>
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Henry VIII of England]] marries [[Jane Seymour]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Williamson|title=The National Portrait Gallery History of the Kings and Queens of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilavaQqRjqsC|year=2003|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=978-0-7607-4678-3|page=63}}</ref>
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Pope Paul III]] announces that he will send three legates to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]; to [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|King Ferdinand of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia]]; and [[Francis I of France|King François of France]] to prevent an outbreak of war in Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barbiche |first1=Bernard |last2=de Dainville-Barbiche |first2=Ségolène |title=Les légats à latere en France et leurs facultés aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles |journal=Archivum Historiae Pontificiae |date=1985 |volume=23 |page=153 |jstor=23564223}}.</ref>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; San Juan Bautista del Teul is founded by [[Cristóbal de Oñate]] in New Spain.
* [[June 26]] &ndash; Spanish navigator [[Andrés de Urdaneta]] and a few companions arrive in [[Lisbon]] from the [[Maluku Islands]], completing a westward [[circumnavigation]] which began with the [[Loaísa expedition]] of [[1525]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madoz |first1=Pascual |title=Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de ultramar: Gua-Juz |date=1847 |publisher=Est. tip. de P. Madoz y L. Sagasti |page=402 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3beZ-cIDZXAC&q=1525%20%2226%20de%20junio%20de%201536%22 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[San Pedro Sula]] is founded by [[Pedro de Alvarado]] in Honduras.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zúniga |first1=Fredy Oswaldo Flores |last2=Palacios |first2=Sergio |title=Honduras geográfica: compilación geográfica, histórica y actual de Honduras, sus departamentos y municipios |date=2009 |publisher=Ediciones Ramsés |isbn=978-99926-25-50-7 |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CxEvAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%2227%20de%20junio%20de%201536%22 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=es}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The papal legation of Cardinals [[Marino Caracciolo]], [[Francisco de Quiñones|Francisco Quiñones]], and [[Agostino Trivulzio]] meets with Emperor Charles V at [[Savigliano]], south of [[Turin]] on orders of Pope Paul III.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bourrilly|first1=V.-L.|title=Charles-Quint en Provence (1536)|journal=Revue Historique|date=1918|volume=127|issue=Fasc. 2|pages=209–280|jstor=40942336}}</ref>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; The papal legation arrives in France, arriving at [[Lyon]], to meet with King Francois I.<ref name="Tome IX"/>
* [[July 24]] &ndash; Three days after the arrival of the peacekeeping team in Lyon, and 15 days after the legation had met with the Holy Roman Emperor to avoid war, troops of the Holy Roman Empire invade France, crossing over the [[Var (river)|Var]] river from [[Nice|Nizza]] in Italy (now [[Nice]] in France) as well as invading [[Picardy|Picardie]] with a second force.<ref>{{cite book |last=Knecht |first=Robert |title=Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1994 |page=335}}</ref> 
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The [[Count's Feud]] ends when [[Copenhagen]] surrenders to King [[Christian III of Denmark]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Historiske meddelelser om København: Årbog |date=1987 |publisher=Københavns Kommunalbestyrelse |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnglAQAAMAAJ&q=Grevens+Fejde+k%C3%B8benhavn+overgivelse+%2229.+juli+1536%22 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Salmonsens konversationsleksikon |date=1919 |publisher=J. H. Schultz |page=110 |url=https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/10/0126.html |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=da}}</ref> On August 6 he marches into the city and on August 12 arrests the country's bishops, thus consolidating the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein|Reformation]] in [[Denmark]].
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Guelders Wars]]: [[Battle of Heiligerlee (1536)|Battle of Heiligerlee]] &ndash; Danish allies of [[Charles II, Duke of Guelders]], under command of [[Meindert van Ham]], are defeated by Habsburg forces under [[Georg Schenck van Toutenburg]] in the Low Countries.
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Francis III, Duke of Brittany]], Dauphin of France, dies having caught a chill after a game of tennis which had developed into a fever; under torture [[Sebastiano de Montecuccoli]], his Italian secretary, confesses to poisoning him and is brutally executed on October 7. Francis' younger brother, [[Henry II of France|Henry, Duke of Orléans]], succeeds as heir to the kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Knecht |first1=Robert J. |title=Hero or Tyrant? Henry III, King of France, 1574-89 |date=22 April 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-12214-2 |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tS8HDAAAQBAJ&dq=henry+orleans+%2210+august+1536%22&pg=PA2 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; King [[James V of Scotland]] becomes the first Scottish monarch since [[1346]] to voluntarily leave his kingdom, leaving six vice-regents—  the Lord Chancellor [[Gavin Dunbar (archbishop of Glasgow)|Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow]]; [[James Beaton]], [[Archbishop of St Andrews]]; the earls of Huntly, Montrose, and Eglinton, and Lord Maxwell— to govern the nation during his absence.<ref>Jamie Cameron and Norman McDougall, ''James V: The Personal Rule, 1528–1542''(Tuckwell Press, 1998) p.288</ref> King James sails from [[Kirkcaldy]] on the [[Royal Scots Navy]] [[flagship]] ''[[English ship Mary Willoughby|Mary Willoughby]]'', along with 500 men and five other ships, to travel to [[France]] to meet his future bride, Princess [[Madeleine of Valois]]. The Scottish entourage docks in France at [[Dieppe]] one week later.<ref>''State Papers Henry VIII'', vol. 5 part 4 (London, 1836), pp. 59–60</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; The [[Pilgrimage of Grace]], a rebellion in England against Henry VIII's church reforms, begins in as the [[Lincolnshire]] and spreads across the kingdom to most of Yorkshire, and parts of Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and Westmorland.<ref name="Burton"/>
* [[October 6]] &ndash; English Bible translator [[William Tyndale]] is burned at the stake in [[Vilvoorde]], [[Province of Brabant|Brabant]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[October 10]] &ndash; English [[barrister]] [[Robert Aske (political leader)|Robert Aske]] becomes the leader of the Pilgrimate of Grace rebels, whose numbers have grown to 9,000 and marches with them to [[York]].<ref name="Burton"/>
* [[October 16]] &ndash; The three negotiators of Pope Paul III depart France after three months of discussions with representatives of King Francois I.<ref name="Tome IX"/>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; Cardinal [[Agostino Trivulzio]], the envoy of [[Pope Paul III]], files his report of his peace mission to negotiate an agreement between the Holy Roman Empire and France.<ref name="Tome IX">''Catalogue des actes de François Ier'' Tome IX (Paris: Imprimerie nationale 1907) [Collection des ordonnances des rois de France], p. 127. {{cite book |author=Cesare Baronius |editor=Agostino Theiner |title=Caesaris ... Baronii od Raynaldi et Jac. Laderchi Annales ecclesiastici: 1527 - 1541|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_LGNAEACAAJ |volume=Tomus 32 (1527-1541) |year=1878 |publisher=Guerin|location=Bar-le-Duc |language=Latin |page=379, under 1536 §20}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; 
**On "a great misty morning such as hath seldom been seen",<ref>John Foxe, ''The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: A New and Complete Edition'', Volume 5 (R.B. Seeley and W. Burnside, 1838)</ref> [[Robert Pakington]], a London merchant and a member of the [[English Parliament]], becomes the first person in Britain to be murdered with a [[handgun]],<ref>{{cite book| title = The mercery of London: trade, goods and people, 1130-1578| last = Sutton| first = Anne F.| year = 2005| publisher = Ashgate Publishing| page = 387| isbn = 978-075465331-8}}</ref> while he is walking across the street from his home at Soper's Lane toward the Mercers' Chapel. His assailant is never caught, despite the offer of a large reward.
**Robert Aske meets with royal delegates at York, including the [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|Duke of Norfolk]] and negotiates the return of the homes of Catholic monks and nuns, as well as a safe passage for Aske and several Catholic representatives for a meeting with King Henry VIII.<ref name="Burton"/>
* [[November 26]] &ndash; At the [[Château de Blois]], the marriage contract between King James V of Scotland and King Francois of France to arrange the marriage of James to Francois' daughter Madeline, is signed despite the reluctance of the French monarch to send his daughter to an unhealthy climate.<ref>Rosalind K. Marshall, ''Scottish Queens, 1034-1714'' (John Donald Co., 2003) pp. 102-103</ref>  
* [[December 5]] &ndash; After two months, the [[Pilgrimage of Grace]] ends at Pontefract Castle after the [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]] promises to present a list of 24 Articles of the pilgrims' demands, "The Commons' Petition", to King [[Henry VIII]]. The duke pledges a reprieve for abbeys from dissolution until Parliament can meet, and to obtain a general pardon for the rebel pilgrims.<ref name="Burton">{{Catholic|prescript=|wstitle=Pilgrimage of Grace|last=Burton|first=Edwin|volume=12 }}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Battle of Reynogüelén (1536)|Battle of Reynogüelén]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] conquistadors defeat a group of [[Mapuche]]s in [[Chile]], during the expedition of [[Diego de Almagro]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berger |first1=Eugene C. |title=This Incurable Evil: Mapuche Resistance to Spanish Enslavement, 1598–1687 |date=23 May 2023 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-6110-5 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGivEAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Reynog%C3%BCel%C3%A9n+Diego+de+Almagro+%221536%22&pg=PA19 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Un no Kuchi]]: Takeda Family forces defeat [[Hiraga Genshin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turnbull |first1=Stephen |title=Kawanakajima 1553–64: Samurai power struggle |date=20 January 2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-652-1 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeQbDAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Un+no+Kuchi+hiraga+Genshin+%221536%22&pg=PA14 |access-date=19 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>
* [[Luis Sarmento]] is the Imperial ambassador to Portugal.<ref>''[[Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII]]'', ed. [[James Gairdner]], vol. X, no. 322</ref>