Editing 1526 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Madrid (1526)|Treaty of Madrid]]: Peace is declared between [[Francis I of France]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]. Francis agrees to cede [[Burgundy]] and abandons all claims to [[Flanders]], [[Artois]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], and [[Duchy of Milan|Milan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. J. Knecht|title=Francis I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvEBMIIcHQkC&pg=PA189|date=26 April 1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-27887-4|pages=189}}</ref>
* [[January 26]] &ndash; The deadline for [[Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain|Spanish Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave]] is reached in the [[Crown of Aragon]] and the [[Principality of Catalonia]] as decreed by the edict of November 25 by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] acting in his capacity as King of Spain. The deadline for the [[Kingdom of Valencia]] had passed on December 31, 1525.<ref>L. P. Harvey, ''Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614'' (University of Chicago Press, 2005) p.94</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], Sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]], agrees to form a military alliance with [[Kingdom of France|France]], after King [[Francis I of France|François I]] sends a proposal by way of his envoy, [[Jean Frangipani]].<ref>Roger B. Merriman, ''Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566'' (Read Books, 2007) p.129 {{ISBN|1-4067-7272-0}}</ref>
* [[February 9]] &ndash; In [[Guatemala]], a group of 16 deserters from the Spanish colonial army destroy [[Iximche]], the capital of the indigenous kingdom of the Mayan [[Kaqchikel people]], and burn the palace of the ''Ahpo Xahil''<ref>{{cite book |author=Schele, Linda |author-link=Linda Schele |author2=Peter Mathews |year=1999 |title=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |pages=298, 310 |isbn=978-0-684-85209-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind }}</ref>
* [[February 15]] &ndash; Spanish author [[Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés]], commonly called "Oviedo", publishes the chronicle ''La Natural Hystoria De Las Indias'' (The Natural History of the Indies) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Stoudemire |first=Sterling A. |title=De La Natural Hystoria De Las Indias |publisher=University of North Caroline |year=1969}}</ref>
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Lopo Vaz de Sampaio]] becomes the new [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Governor]] of [[Portuguese India]] following the February 2 death of the 30-year-old Governor [[Henrique de Meneses]] from gangrene resulting from a battle injury to his leg.<ref>Mário Domingues, ''D. João III: o homem e a sua época'' (''Dom João III: The man and his times'') (Edição Romano Torres, 1962) p. 76-85</ref> 
* [[February 25]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Hisar Firoza]] is fought in what is now the Indian state of [[Haryana]], between the [[Mughal Empire]] (whose army is led by Prince [[Humayun]]) and the [[Delhi Sultanate]], led by Hamid Khan. Humayun, in his first command, leads the Mughals to victory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rickard |first1=J |title=Battle of Hisar-Firuza |website=Historyofwar.org |date=May 15, 2010 |url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_hisar-firuza.html |access-date=August 31, 2021}}</ref>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; The [[League of Torgau]] is formed as an alliance of German princes to oppose the 1521 [[Diet of Worms|Edict]] of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206161315/http://www.historicum.net/themen/reformation/glossar/t/ Torgauer Bündnis] (The Torgau League) at historicum.net</ref>
* [[March 7]] &ndash; In Switzerland, the [[Canton of Zurich]] enacts a law directed against the [[Anabaptist]] movement, specifically outlawing a second [[baptism]] of an adult who was previously baptized as an infant, and makes the crime punishable by [[drowning]]. The penalty is enforced for the first time on January 5, 1527, when [[Felix Manz]] is executed.<ref>"Anabaptist", in ''The Mennonite Encyclopedia'', ed.by Harold S. Bender, et al., editors (Brethren Publishing House, 1955) {{ISBN|0-8361-1018-8}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash;
**After a defeat in battle of Afghan soldiers of the Delhi Sultanate by the Mughal Empire, the Mughal Emperor Babur and Crown Prince Humayun arrange the execution of 100 captured Afghan prisoners by "[[blowing from a gun]], the process of placing a tying a condemned prisoner to the mouth of a cannon and then firing.<ref>Abdul Sabahuddin and Rajshree Shukla,  (2003), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FW4WqqLVzLEC&pg=PA122 The Mughal Strategy of War]'', p. 122</ref>
**[[Francis I of France|King François I]] of France is released from captivity in Spain after having signed the Treaty of Madrid.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Tarver |editor1-first=H. Micheal |editor1-link=H. Micheal Tarver |title=The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2016 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado |page=106 |isbn=978-16106-9-422-3 |volume=1 |edition=|series=Empires of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LCJDAAAQBAJ}}Tarver 2016, p. 106</ref>  
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] and King of Spain, marries Princess [[Isabella of Portugal]] at the  [[Alcázar of Seville]] palace in Spain.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ford|first=Richard|title=A Hand-Book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home: Describing the Country and Cities, the Natives and Their Manners |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=248 |isbn=978-1108037532 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookfortrave01ford}}</ref>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; King François I crosses from the [[Bidasoa|Bidasoa River]] from Spain into France, while at the same time, his sons [[Francis III, Duke of Brittany|the Dauphin Prince François]] and [[Henry II of France|Prince Henri]], 8 and 5 at the time,  cross into Spain to take his place as hostages to guarantee France's compliance with the Madrid Treaty. King François repudiates the treaty and the two boys remain captive for the next three years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Knecht |first1=Robert J. |author1-link=Robert Knecht |title=Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |page=248 |isbn=978-0-521-57885-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancewarri00knec/page/n5/mode/2up }}</ref>
* [[March]] &ndash; The first complete printed translation of the [[New Testament]] of the [[Bible]] into the English language by [[William Tyndale]] arrives in England from Germany, where printing had been completed in [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] by [[Peter Schöffer the younger]], towards the end of February.<ref>David Daniell, ''Tyndale's New Testament'' (Yale University Press, 1995) p.ix</ref> 

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of Panipat (1526)|Battle of Panipat]]: [[Babur]] becomes Mughal emperor, invades northern India and captures [[Delhi]], creating the [[Mughal Empire]], which lasts until [[1857]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roy |first1=Kaushik |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8 |pages=54–66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpXijlqeRpIC&q=%2221+april+1526%22+mughal&pg=PR10 |access-date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gates |first1=Scott |last2=Roy |first2=Kaushik |title=War and State-Building in Afghanistan: Historical and Modern Perspectives |date=20 November 2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-7219-6 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnkeBQAAQBAJ&dq=%2221+april+1526%22+mughal+empire&pg=PA50 |access-date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 22]] &ndash; Francis repudiates the Treaty of Madrid and forms the [[League of Cognac]] against Charles, including [[Pope Clement VII]], [[Province of Milan|Milan]], [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], and [[Republic of Florence|Florence]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Jeremy |title=European Warfare, 1494-1660 |date=5 July 2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-47708-1 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4OCAgAAQBAJ&dq=%2222+may+1526%22+francis+repudiates+treaty+of+madrid+league+of+cognac&pg=PA78 |access-date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; A [[transit of Venus]] occurs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Catalog of Transits of Venus |url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html |website=eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1526 May 23rd Transit of Venus |url=http://astro.ukho.gov.uk/nao/transit/V_1526/ |website=astro.ukho.gov.uk |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref> the last before [[optical filter]]s allow astronomers to observe them.
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Nara]] ascends to the throne of Japan.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Province of Milan|Milan]] is captured by the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elton |first1=Geoffrey Rudolph |title=The New Cambridge Modern History |date=1962 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=343 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QqEIAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%2224%20july%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; The [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] ship ''Santiago'', from [[García Jofre de Loaísa]]'s expedition, reaches the [[Pacific Coast of Mexico]] and drops anchor at the  [[Gulf of Tehuantepec]],<ref>[https://traslaultimafrontera.com/la-expedicion-de-loaisa/ "La expedición de Jofre de Loaísa"], Tras  La Ultima Frontera</ref> becoming the first ship to sail from Europe to the west coast of North America.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Delpar |first1=Helen |title=The Discoverers: An Encyclopedia of Explorers and Exploration |date=1980 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-016264-8 |page=383 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCuBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22july%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón of Spain founded the failed colony, [[San Miguel de Gualdape]] in present-day [[Winyah Bay]], [[Georgetown County]], [[South Carolina]]. It was the first European settlement, as well as the first documented occurrence of enslavement of African peoples in what would later become the continental [[United States]].
* [[August 15]] &ndash; The first official translation is made of the [[New Testament]] into [[Swedish language|Swedish]]; the entire Bible is completed in [[1541]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hollander |first1=A. A. den |last2=Grell |first2=Ole Peter |title=The New Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 3: From 1450 to 1750 |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-51342-5 |pages=239–262 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/new-cambridge-history-of-the-bible/bibles-in-the-dutch-and-scandinavian-vernaculars-to-c-1750/DD0C0FC1C94DC0F5237943C75D0CF31E |access-date=3 August 2023 |chapter=Bibles in the Dutch and Scandinavian vernaculars to c. 1750}}</ref>
* [[August 21]] &ndash; Spanish explorer [[Alonso de Salazar]] becomes the first European to sight the [[Marshall Islands]], in the Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite book|title=Early Spanish Discoveries in the Pacific|first=Andrew|last=Sharp|year=1960|pages=11–13}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mohács]]: The Ottoman army of Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]] defeats the Hungarian army of King [[Louis II of Hungary|Louis II]], who drowns while retreating with his troops. Two rival groups seek to elect a successor to Louis.<ref name="LOUIS">{{cite book |last1=Wheatcroft |first1=Andrew |title=The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe |date=28 April 2009 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-7867-4454-1 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkLDVyYZPBYC&dq=battle+of+mohacs+%2229+august+1526%22+retreat&pg=PA58 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Suleiman takes [[Buda]], while [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Ferdinand of Austria]] and [[John Zápolya]], [[Prince of Transylvania]], dispute the succession.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norwich |first1=John Julius |title=Four Princes: Henry VIII, Francis I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and the Obsessions that Forged Modern Europe |date=4 April 2017 |publisher=Open Road + Grove/Atlantic |isbn=978-0-8021-8946-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AG9IDQAAQBAJ&q=%2229%20august%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |quote=When, on 29 August 1526, the forces of Suleiman the Magnificent smashed the Hungarians at Mohacs and shortly afterwards sacked their capital at Buda, rule over the defeated country was disputed by the Sultan's vassal John Zapolya and Charles V's brother Ferdinand.}}</ref> As a result of the battle, [[Dubrovnik]] achieves independence, although it acknowledges [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] overlordship.
* [[September 19]] &ndash; Spanish Muslims who had hidden in the [[Serra d'Espadà|Sierra de Espadán]] mountain range in Valencia and who are led by Selim Almanzo are overwhelmed by a German contingent of 3,000 soldiers from the Holy Roman Empire. After their defeat, 5,000 adult Muslims (including old men and women) are massacred.<ref>Henry Charles Lea, ''The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion'' (Lea Brothers & Company, 1901) p. 95</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
*[[October 23]] &ndash; In October, [[Cuthbert Tunstall]], the Roman Catholic [[Bishop of London]], issues a proclamation directing followers to destroy all copies of Tyndale's New Testament.<ref>David Teems, ''Tyndale: The Man Who Gave God an English Voice'' (Thomas Nelson Publishing, 2012) pp.79-80</ref>
*[[October 24]] &ndash; The Bohemian Diet elects [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Ferdinand]] of the House of Habsburg as the [[List of Bohemian monarchs|King of Bohemia]].
*[[November 10]] &ndash; In eastern Hungary, at [[Székesfehérvár]], a group of lesser nobles proclaims [[John Zápolya]] as proclaimed as the [[King of Hungary]]. The assembly proclaims the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], with a capital at [[Budapest|Buda]].
*[[December 15]] &ndash; (12th day of 11th month of [[Daiei (era)|Daiei 6]]) The [[Siege of Kamakura (1526)|siege of Kamakura]] takes place in Japan as the [[Uesugi clan]] defeats the [[Later Hōjō clan|Hōjō clan]]<ref>Turnbull, Stephen (2002). 'War in Japan: 1467-1615'. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.</ref>
*[[December 17]] &ndash; At [[Bratislava|Pozsony]] in western Hungary (now [[Bratislava]] in [[Slovakia]]), the Diet elects the Archduke Ferdinand as the [[King of Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert A. Kann |url=https://archive.org/details/monarchsofrenais0000pott |title=A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1980 |isbn=978-0520042063 |page=611}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* Gunsmith [[:it:Bartolomeo Beretta|Bartolomeo Beretta]] {{in lang|it}} establishes the [[Beretta]] Gun Company, which will still be in business in the 21st century, making it one of the world's oldest firearm corporations.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gun: A Visual History |date=16 April 2012 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4654-0354-4 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KC8bVq76NcC&dq=Beretta+Gun+Company+Bartolomeo+Beretta+%221526%22&pg=PA78 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Beretta Since 1526 |url=https://www.beretta.com/en-us/world-of-beretta/since-1526/ |website=www.beretta.com |access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref></onlyinclude>
* Spanish conquistadors led by [[Francisco Pizarro]] and his brothers first reach [[Inca Empire|Inca territory]] in [[South America]].