Editing 1517 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ridaniya]]: The Holy [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army of the sultan [[Selim I]] defeats the [[Mamluk]] army in [[Egypt]], commanded by the king [[Tuman Bay II]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. G. Grant|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA249|date=24 October 2017|publisher=Book Sales|isbn=978-0-7858-3553-0|pages=249}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Cairo]] is captured by the [[Ottoman Empire]] after a three day battle,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clot |first1=André |title=Suleiman the Magnificent |date=13 February 2012 |publisher=Saqi |isbn=978-0-86356-803-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zz0hBQAAQBAJ |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=en|quote=The battle was fierce, the city conquered one house at a time. It lasted three days and nights as more and more corpses piled up in streets red with blood. On 30 January 1517, the Mamluks surrendered.}}</ref> and the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]] falls.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Öztuna |first1=Yılmaz |title=Türkiye tarihi: baslangicindan zamanimiza kadar |date=1963 |publisher=Hayat Kitaplari |page=266 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFw8AAAAMAAJ&q=%2230+Ocak+1517%22+Memluk+Sultanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1+Kahire |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=tr}}</ref> The [[Abbasid Caliphate]], reestablished in [[1261]], falls to the Ottomans and the last Caliph, [[Al-Mutawakkil III]], is deported along with his family to [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bosworth |first1=C. E. |title=Islamic Dynasties |date=1996 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh |page=9 |url=https://archive.org/details/bosworth-1996-dynastic-tables-02/page/9/mode/2up |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref></onlyinclude>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The Ottoman Sultan Selim I makes a triumphant entry into Cairo after his Janissaries have cleared the area of the Mamluk defenders.
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]], a chronicler who documents the conquest of Mexico, sets out with the [[Hernández de Córdoba expedition]] from [[Jaruco]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Del Castillo |first1=Bernal Diaz |last2=Maudslay |first2=A.P. |title=The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521 |date=1928 |publisher=George Routledge Amp Sons Ltd. |location=London |pages=10–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.152204/page/n25/mode/2up |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref> They arrive at [[Cape Catoche]] twenty-one days later, and are met with hostility by the natives. Henry's 25-year-old sister [[Anne of Navarre]] serves as the regent until 1518, when Henry reaches the age of majority.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; At the age of 13, [[Henry II of Navarre|Henry II]] becomes the [[List of Navarrese monarchs|King of Navarre]], by then limited to the part of the Iberian peninsula north of the Pyrennes, upon the death of his mother, [[Catherine of Navarre|Queen Catherine]] in the capital, [[Pamplona]].
* [[March 4]] &ndash; The first intentional landing by Europeans on the coast of Mexico takes place as the Cordoba Expedition arrives at [[Cabo Catoche]] on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]], now in the Mexican state of [[Quintana Roo]]. The Spaniards are attacked by the [[Maya people|Mayans]] after being invited to visit, and a battle breaks out with 13 Spaniards ambushed and 15 Mayans killed.<ref name=Diaz>Bernal Díaz del Castillo, 1963, ''The Conquest of New Spain'', London: Penguin Books, pages 72-81 {{ISBN|0140441239}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; The [[Fifth Council of the Lateran]] ends after almost five years of conferences on discussing reforms within the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Minnich |first1=Nelson H. |title=The Decrees of the Fifth Lateran Council (1512–17): Their Legitimacy, Origins, Contents, and Implementation |date=24 October 2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-89173-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jn10DwAAQBAJ&dq=%2216+march+1517%22+Fifth+Council+of+the+Lateran&pg=PT262 |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=en|quote=In the bull Constituti iuxta verbum that closed the Fifth Lateran Council on 16 March 1517, Leo X (1475-1521, pope 1513-21) provided a brief history of the council to demonstrate how it had accomplished the goals set for it and thus should be concluded.}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] &ndash; More than two months after fleeing Cairo and attempting a counterattack against the Ottomans, Tuman Bay II is captured alive with many of his Mamluk officers. Selim initially plans to exile Tuman Bey and other former Mamluk nobles to [[Constantinople]], but changes his mind.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Lopo Soares de Albergaria]] of Portugal begins the siege of [[Jeddah]] (now part of [[Saudi Arabia]]), attempting to invade, but is unable to land because of artillery fire from the Ottoman and Mamluk defenders.<ref name=Meloy>.J. L. Meloy, ''Imperial power and Maritime Trade: Mecca and Cairo in the later Middle Ages'' (University of Chicago Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 2010) p.223</ref> Bad weather prevents the Portuguese fleet of 15 ships from navigating for the next two weeks.
* [[April 13]] &ndash; Tuman Bey II, the former King of Egypt, is executed along with his aides, bringing an end to the [[Abbasid dynasty]].<ref>Yaşar Yüce and Ali Sevim, ''Türkiye tarihi Cilt II'' (İstanbul, 1991) p.250.</ref>
* [[April 14]] &ndash; On [[Easter Tuesday]], Dr. Bell, a preacher standing at [[St Paul's Cross]] in front of London's [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]], delivers an inflammatory sermon at the instigation of a local broker, John Lincoln and accuses foreign immigrants of stealing jobs from English workers and taking away bread from "poor fatherless children."<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Boissoneault|first1=Lorraine|title=On Evil May Day, Londoners Rioted Over Foreigners Stealing Their Jobs|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/evil-may-day-1517-london-riots-over-foreigners-180963090/|access-date=2021-11-01|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517)|Ottoman–Mamluk War]] officially ends as the Ottoman Empire annexes the [[Mamluk Sultanate]] territories in the Middle East (the [[Levant]]), the Arabian Peninsula ([[Hejaz]]) and Egypt as provinces.<ref>{{cite book |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&pg=PA183 |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges |author=Tony Jaques |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313335365 |page=xxxiv}}</ref>
* [[April 22]] &ndash; In what is now Romania, [[Stephen IV of Moldavia|Stephen IV]] becomes the new [[Prince of Moldavia]] at [[Suceava]] upon the death of his father, [[Bogdan III the One-Eyed]]. 
* [[April 25]] &ndash; After 13 days of continuous storms and being unable to do more than destroy one Jeddah ship (while losing two of its own), the Portuguese fleet abandon its planned invasion of the Arabian peninsula.<ref name=Meloy/>
* [[April 30]] &ndash; Anticipating a riot in London, the Lord Mayor announces at 8:30 in the evening that a curfew will begin within 30 minutes, at 9:00. An attempt by a local alderman, John Mundy, to enforce the curfew triggers the attack by a mob hours later.<ref>Steve Rappaport, ''Worlds Within Worlds: Structures of Life in Sixteenth-Century London'' ([[Cambridge University Press]], 2002) p.15; {{ISBN|0-521-89221-X}}</ref> 
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Evil May Day]]: Xenophobic riots break out in London as English citizens attack foreigners, including Flemish shoemakers and French royal courtiers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scarisbrick |first1=J. J. |title=Henry VIII |date=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sF-yS-HQgyoC&dq=Evil+May+Day+%221+may+1517%22&pg=PA67 |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|Duke of Norfolk]] leads a private army of 1,300 men to put down the rioting.
* [[May 10]] &ndash; The coronation of Queen Consort [[Claude of France]], wife of [[King Francis I]], takes place at the [[Basilica of St Denis]] with Cardinal [[Philippe de Luxembourg]] performing the ceremony.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GHQaAAAAYAAJ&dq=claude+of+france+coronation&pg=PA249 Nicolas Menin: ''An Historical and Chronological Treatise of the Anointing and Coronation of the Kings and Queens of France'', p. 249.] [Retrieved 28 December 2014].</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; A fleet of eight ships of the navy of [[Portugal]], commanded by [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]] and dispatched from [[Goa]] by Portuguese India's Governor Lopo Soares de Albergaria on orders of [[Manuel I of Portugal|King Manuel I]], arrives in China at [[Guangzhou|Canton]] (now Guangzhou) and brings the Ambassador [[Tomé Pires]] and his diplomatic corps to start trade and foreign relations.<ref>Frederick Charles Danvers: ''The Portuguese in India'', volume I, London, W. H. Allen & Co. Limited, 1894, p. 338.</ref> 
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Pier Gerlofs Donia]], leader of a rebellion of the [[Frisians]] minority of the Netherlands, leads 4,000 of his Arumer Zwarte Hoop soldiers on an attack against the Dutch inhabitants of [[Medemblik]], then moves on to a massacre of the residents of the village of [[Asperen]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; In an unprecedented move, [[Pope Leo X]] increases the number of Roman Catholic cardinals, [[Cardinals created by Leo X|naming 31 people to the cardinalate]] including the Dutch-born Adriaan van Utrecht, bishop of Tortosa, who will later become [[Pope Adrian VI]].<ref>{{cite web|authorlink=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=Consistories for the creation of Cardinals, 16th Century (1503-1605): Leo X (1513-1521)|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/consistories-xvi.htm#LeoX|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=|publisher=[[Florida International University]]|oclc=53276621}}</ref> 
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] merchant [[Fernão Pires de Andrade]] meets [[Ming Dynasty]] Chinese officials through an interpreter, at the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] estuary and lands, at what is now in the jurisdiction of Hong Kong. Although the first European trade expeditions to China took place in [[1513]] and [[1516]] by [[Jorge Álvares]] and [[Rafael Perestrello]], respectively, Andrade's mission is the first official diplomatic mission of a European power to China, commissioned by a ruler of Europe ([[Manuel I of Portugal]]).
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Yunus Pasha]], the [[List of Ottoman grand viziers|Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] and the Ottoman Governor of Egypt after leading the Egyptian conquest, is fired by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I and then executed by decapitation.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther]] publishes his [[The Ninety-Five Theses|95 Theses]] (posting them on the door of the [[All Saints' Church, Wittenberg|Wittenberg Castle Church]]), and begins the [[Protestant Reformation]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Friedrich Schiller|title=Schiller's Wallenstein: Das Lager|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ML8BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR16|year=1887|publisher=Macmillan and Company|pages=16}}</ref> This story is possibly apocryphal.<ref>Krämer, Walter and Trenkler, Götz. "Luther" in Lexicon van Hardnekkige Misverstanden. Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 1997, 214:216.</ref>
* [[November 21]] &ndash; In India, [[Ibrahim Khan Lodi]] becomes the new [[List of sultans of Delhi|Sultan of Delhi]] upon the death of his father, [[Sikandar Khan Lodi]]. Ibrahim will reign until 1526, when the Sultanate of Delhi is conquered by the Afghan Mughal king, [[Babur]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |title=Twilight of the Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8QeAAAAMAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=184 |oclc=500687579 }}</ref>
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Bona Sforza]] of Italy, daughter of the late [[Duke of Milan]], [[Gian Galeazzo Sforza]], marries [[Sigismund I the Old|King Sigismund of Poland]] by proxy at Naples, then begins a three month journey to [[Kraków]] to assume the throne.

=== Date unknown ===
* Grand Prince [[Vasili III of Russia|Vasili III]] of [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]] conquers [[Principality of Ryazan|Ryazan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vernadsky |first1=George |title=Начертание русской истории |date=1927 |publisher=Евразийское кн-во |page=126 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efwZAAAAIAAJ&dq=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9+III+%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C+%221517%22&pg=PA126 |language=ru}}</ref>
* A third outbreak of the [[sweating sickness]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] hits [[Oxford]] and [[Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sloan |first1=Archibald W. |title=The sweating sickness in England |journal=South African Medical Journal |date=1971 |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=473–475 |pmid=4932259 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/samj/article/view/167498 |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=en |issn=2078-5135}}</ref> It is said that in Oxford that upwards of 400 students died in less than a week.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Rawdon |title=Calendar of state papers and manuscripts, relating to english affairs, existing in the archives and collections of Venice, and in other libraries of Northern Italy |date=1867 |publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer |location=London |page=412 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.01119/page/411/mode/2up?q=oxford |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>