Editing 1495 (section)

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;December ===
* [[February]] &ndash; [[King's College, Aberdeen]], predecessor of the [[University of Aberdeen]] in [[Scotland]], is founded on the petition of [[William Elphinstone]], [[Bishop of Aberdeen]]. It is the first [[English language|English]]-speaking university to teach medicine.
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Italian War of 1494–98]]: King [[Charles VIII of France]] enters [[Naples]], to claim the city's throne. A few months later, he decides to return to France, and leaves Naples with most of his army, leaving a force under his cousin [[Gilbert, Count of Montpensier]] as viceroy. [[Syphilis]] is first definitely recorded in Europe during this invasion.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Farhi|first1=David|last2=Dupin|first2=Nicolas|title=Origins of syphilis and management in the immunocompetent patient: facts and controversies|journal=[[Clinics in Dermatology]]|date=September–October 2010|volume=28|issue=5|pages=533–538|pmid=20797514|doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.011}}</ref> (perhaps from French forces who may have contacted Croats fleeing an Ottoman army in the east).
* [[May 26]] &ndash; A Spanish army under [[Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba]] lands in [[Calabria]], with the purpose of ousting the French and restoring [[Ferdinand II of Naples]] to the throne.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; Brother [[John Cor]] of [[Lindores Abbey]] pays duty on 8 bolls of malt to the [[Exchequer#Exchequer in Scotland|Exchequer in Scotland]] to make aqua vitae for [[King James IV]]; the record in the Exchequer Rolls is the first written reference to [[Scotch whisky]]. 
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Seminara]]: Córdoba and Ferdinand are defeated by a French army under [[Bernard Stewart, Lord of Aubigny]].
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Deal]]: [[Perkin Warbeck]]'s troops land in [[Kent]], in support of his claim to the [[English crown]], backed by [[Margaret of York|Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy]]. They are routed before Warbeck himself can disembark, and he retreats to [[Ireland]] and then to Scotland.
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fornovo]]: The French army under King Charles secures its retreat from Italy, by defeating a combined Milanese-Venetian force under Giovanni Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of [[Mantua]].
* Summer &ndash; [[John, King of Denmark]], sets sail for [[Kalmar]], [[Sweden]], to negotiate with [[Sten Sture the Elder]] to restore the power of the [[Kalmar Union]]. However, his flagship, ''[[Gribshunden]]'', catches fire and sinks off the coast of [[Ronneby]] with loss of life, and he is forced to abandon the mission.
* [[October 25]] &ndash; King [[Manuel I of Portugal]] begins his reign.
* [[November 30]] &ndash; An explosion at [[Vyborg Castle]] deters the [[Principality of Moscow|Russian]] forces, who have invaded Sweden through [[Karelia]].

=== Date unknown ===

[[File:Reiszug, Hohensalzburg.jpg|thumb|[[Reisszug]], as it appeared in 2011]]
* The oldest extant [[cable railway]] is probably the [[Reisszug]], a private line providing goods access to [[Hohensalzburg Fortress]] at [[Salzburg]] in Austria. This line is generally described as the oldest [[funicular]].<ref name=fm1>{{cite web | url = http://www.funimag.com/funimag10/RESZUG01.HTM | title = Der Reiszug – Part 1 – Presentation | publisher=Funimag | access-date = 22 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Reinhard | last = Kriechbaum | url = http://www.die-tagespost.de/Archiv/titel_anzeige.asp?ID=8916 | title = Die große Reise auf den Berg | work = der Tagespost | date = 15 May 2004 | access-date = 22 April 2009 | language = de | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120628225245/http://www.die-tagespost.de/Archiv/titel_anzeige.asp?ID=8916 | archive-date = 28 June 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)|Poynings' Law]] comes into effect, placing the [[Parliament of Ireland]] under the authority of the [[Parliament of England]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X.|year=1967|title=The Course of Irish History|publisher=Mercier Press|location=Cork|page=370}}</ref>
* The ''[[Reichskammergericht]]'' of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] is founded in [[Frankfurt]].
* [[Henry VII of England]] commissions the world's first [[dry dock]], at [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth]].
* [[Piero Pacini da Pescia]] publishes ''Epistles, Gospels, and Popular Readings'' in the Tuscan Language<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11360/ |title = Epistles, Gospels, and Popular Readings in the Tuscan Language |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = June 27, 1495 |access-date = September 4, 2013 }}</ref>
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