Editing 12th century BC (section)

==Events==
[[Image:Walls of Troy (1).jpg|thumb|Walls of the excavated city of [[Troy]], supposed center of the legendary [[Trojan War]] ]]
* [[1200 BC]]: the [[first civilization]] in Central and North America develops in about 1200 BC in the coastal regions of the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Known as the [[Olmec civilization]], its early site is at [[San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán|San Lorenzo]].
* [[1200 BC]]: the [[Phoenicians]] found the port of [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]
* [[1197 BC]]: the beginning of the first period ([[1197 BC]]–[[982 BC]]) by [[Shao Yong]]'s concept of the [[I Ching]] and history.
* {{circa}} [[1194 BC]]: the beginning of the legendary [[Trojan War]].
* [[1192 BC]]: [[Wu Ding]], [[Monarch|King]] of the [[Shang dynasty]], dies.
* [[1191 BC]]: [[Menestheus]], legendary [[King of Athens]], dies during the [[Trojan War]] after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew [[Demophon of Athens|Demophon]], a son of [[Theseus]]. Other accounts place his death a decade later and shortly after the [[Trojan War]] (see [[1180s BC]]).
* [[1186 BC]]: end of the [[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt]], start of the [[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt|Twentieth Dynasty]].
* April 24, 1184 BC: traditional date for the fall of [[Troy]], [[Asia Minor]] to the [[Mycenaeans]] and their allies. This marks the end of the [[Trojan War]] of [[Greek mythology]].
* [[1181 BC]]: [[Menestheus]], legendary [[King of Athens]] and veteran of the [[Trojan War]], dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of [[Theseus]]. Other accounts place his death a decade earlier and during the [[Trojan War]] (see [[1190s BC]]).
* [[1180 BC]]: the last [[Kassites|Kassite]] King, Anllil-nadin-akhe, is defeated by the [[Elam]]ites.
* [[1180 BC]]: collapse of [[Hittites|Hittite]] power in [[Anatolia]] with the destruction of their capital [[Hattusa]].
* {{circa}} [[1177 BC]]: [[Ramesses III]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] repels attacks by northern invaders (the "[[Sea Peoples|Sea-Peoples]]") in the 8th year of his reign (1177 or 1186 BC); an event which [[Eric H. Cline|Eric Cline]] closely relates to the beginning of the [[Late Bronze Age collapse]].<ref>[[Eric H. Cline|Cline, Eric]]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRcu-ysocX4 ''1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed''] [video], 2016, 1h10'17. See 5'41 for the invasion of the Sea People in the 8th yr of Ramses III's reign; 6'19 for the incertitude on the dates; 4'30 for the start of the [[Late Bronze Age collapse]] "on either side of 1200 BC".</ref>
* April 16, 1178 BC: a [[solar eclipse]] may mark the return of [[Odysseus]], legendary [[monarch|King]] of [[Ithaca (island)|Ithaca]], to his kingdom after the [[Trojan War]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Espenak |first1=Fred |title=Eclipse Predictions |url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhistory/SEhistory.html |website=eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref> He discovers a number of suitors competing to marry his wife [[Penelope]], whom they believe to be a widow, in order to succeed him on the throne. He organizes their slaying and re-establishes himself on the throne.
* [[1160 BC]]: death of [[Pharaoh]] [[Ramesses V]], from [[smallpox]].
* [[1159 BC]]: the [[Hekla 3 eruption]] triggers an 18-year period of climatic cooling.
* [[1154 BC]]: death of exiled [[Queen dowager|Queen]] [[Helen of Troy|Helen]] of [[Sparta]] at [[Rhodes]] (estimated date).
* {{circa}} [[1150 BC]]: end of Egyptian rule in [[Canaan]], with Ramesses VI the last Pharaoh acknowledged.
* {{circa}} [[1150 BC]]: [[Demophon of Athens|Demophon]], legendary [[King of Athens]] and veteran of the [[Trojan War]], dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his son [[Oxyntes]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harding |first=Phillip |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1100435996 |title=The story of Athens |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-30447-9 |location=London |oclc=1100435996}}</ref>
* [[1137 BC]]: [[Ramesses VII]] begins his reign as the sixth ruler of the [[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt]].
* {{circa}} [[1135 BC|1138 BC]]: [[Oxyntes]], legendary [[Kings of Athens|King of Athens]], dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by his elder son [[Apheidas]].
* {{circa}} [[1134 BC|1137 BC]]: [[Apheidas]], legendary [[Kings of Athens|King of Athens]], is [[assassinated]] and succeeded by his younger brother [[Thymoetes]] after a reign of 1 year.
* {{circa}} [[1126 BC|1128 BC]]: [[Thymoetes]], legendary [[Kings of Athens|King of Athens]], dies childless after a reign of 8 years. He is succeeded by his designated heir [[Melanthus]] of [[Pylos]], a fifth-generation descendant of [[Neleus]] who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the [[Boeotia]]ns.
* [[1122 BC]]: legendary founding date of the city of [[Pyongyang]].
* {{circa}} [[1120 BC]]: [[Troy]] VIIb<sub>1</sub> is destroyed.
* [[1115 BC]]: [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] becomes King of [[Assyria]].
* [[1107 BC]]: [[Pharaoh]] [[Ramesses X]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] dies and is succeeded by [[Ramesses XI]], probably his son, as 10th and final pharaoh of the [[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt]] and last ruler of the [[New Kingdom of Egypt]].
* {{circa}} 1104 BC: [[Cádiz]] (Gadir) founded by [[Phoenicia]]ns in southwestern [[Spain]].
* [[1100 BC]]: [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of [[Assyria]] conquers the [[Hittites]].
* {{circa}} [[1100 BC]]: the [[Dorians]] supposedly invade [[Greece]].
* {{circa}} [[1100 BC]]: beginning of the proto-[[Villanovan culture]] in [[northern Italy]].
* {{circa}} [[1100 BC]]: [[Mycenaean civilization]] ends. Start of [[Greek Dark Ages]].
* [[Elamite]] invaders loot art treasures from [[Mesopotamia]] and carry them into [[Susa]].
* Approximate date: Fang ding, from Tomb 1004, Houjiazhuang, [[Anyang]], [[Henan]] ([[Shang dynasty]]) is made.<ref>It is now kept at [[Academia Sinica]], [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]].</ref>