Editing 1286 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[January 6]] &ndash; The 17-year-old [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]] ('''the Fair''') is crowned king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] at [[Reims]]. He settles the Aragonese conflict (see [[1285]]), and intensifies his predecessors' efforts to reform and rationalize the administration of the realm. Philip persists in reforms, which strengthen the monarchy's position in [[Europe]]. The [[gabelle]] &ndash; a tax on [[salt]] in the form of a [[state monopoly]] &ndash; will become immensely unpopular and grossly unequal, but persist until [[1790]].<ref>Barber, Malcolm (1978). ''The Trial of theTemplars'', p. 29. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-45727-9}}.</ref>
* [[March 20]] &ndash; Sultan [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq]] dies after a 28-year reign at [[Algeciras]]. He is succeeded by his son [[Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr]], who becomes ruler of the [[Marinid Sultanate]]. Abu Yaqub makes a peace agreement with [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]], Nasrid ruler of [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], ceding all the towns previously occupied (except Algeciras and [[Tarifa]]). After confirming the peace with [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] on [[May 28]], he leaves 3,000 men in the Peninsula.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 95. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[Old Prussians]] resettle in [[Sambia Peninsula|Samland]] and start an uprising against Teutonic rule (supported by the [[Principality of Rügen]]). The Prussians are defeated by the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic Knights]] and forced to submit.<ref>Urban, William (2000). ''The Prussian Crusade'' (2nd ed.), pp. 121–122. Chicago, Illinois: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. {{ISBN|978-0-929700-28-1}}.</ref>
* The [[War of the Donkey]] is fought between the rival noble families of the [[Ghisi]] and the [[Marco II Sanudo|Sanudo]], in the [[Duchy of the Archipelago]] in the [[Aegean Sea]]. 
* The [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]] [[Republic of Siena]] allows exiled [[Ghibelline]] rebels back into the city.<ref name=biografico>{{cite web|last=Catoni|first=Giuliano|title=BONSIGNORI|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bonsignori_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|work=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani|access-date=20 December 2011}}</ref>

==== England & Scotland ====
* [[March 19]] &ndash; King [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] dies in a fall from his horse at [[Kinghorn]] in [[Fife]], leaving Queen [[Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland|Yolande of Dreux]]'s unborn child and the 3-year-old [[Margaret, Maid of Norway|Margaret]] ('''Maid of Norway''') as heirs to the throne. After Alexander's death, [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] is governed by the nobility and clergy, known collectively as the [[Guardian of Scotland|Guardians of Scotland]]. This sets the stage for the [[Wars of Scottish Independence#First War of Scottish Independence: 1296–1328|First War of Scottish Independence]].<ref>Barrow, G. W. S. (1965). ''Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland'', pp. 3–4. London, UK: Eyre and Spottiswoode. {{OCLC|655056131}}.</ref>
* June &ndash; King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] ('''Longshanks''') and Queen [[Eleanor of Castile]] travel to France. There they pay homage to Philip IV ('''the Fair''') and attend to other matters. Edward travels around in the duchy of [[Duchy of Gascony|Gascony]] and orders the rebuilding of fortifications in the region (between 1286 and 1289).

==== Levant ====
* [[June 4]] &ndash; The 15-year-old [[Henry II of Cyprus|Henry II]] sails from [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] and lands in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], but is refused entry into the citadel. There, he stays for six weeks in the palace to negotiate an agreement to take over the city from the Angevins.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 331. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; Henry II is crowned king of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] at [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]. After the ceremony, he returns to Acre for the festivities. A few weeks later, Henry returns to Cyprus and appoints his uncle [[Philip of Ibelin (died 1304)|Philip of Ibelin]] as [[regent]] ([[Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Bailiffs|''bailiff'']]).<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 332. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya|Abu Hafs Umar I]], ruler of the [[Hafsid dynasty|Hafsid Sultanate]], takes control of [[Béjaïa]] and becomes a rival of the main Hafsid entity based in [[Tunis]].<ref>Meynier, Gilbert (2010). ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)''. Paris: La Découverte;;. p. 158. {{ISBN|978-2-7071-5231-2}}.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* In the [[Lao people|Lao]] kingdom of [[Muang Sua]], King Panya Leng is overthrown in a [[coup d'état]] led by his son, Prince Panya Khamphong, which is likely to have been supported by the Mongol-led [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] in [[China]].
* [[Kublai Khan]] makes plans for a final [[Mongol invasions of Japan|Mongol invasion of Japan]], but aborts the preparations due to a lack of necessary resources.

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Culture ====
* [[March 7]] &ndash; The ''[[Catholicon (1286)|Catholicon]]'', a religious [[Latin]] dictionary, is completed by [[John of Genoa]]. 
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