Editing 1270 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== Africa ===

==== The Eighth Crusade====
* Before [[August]] &ndash; King [[Louis IX of France]] launches the [[Eighth Crusade]], in an attempt to recapture the [[crusader states|Crusader States]] from the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] sultan [[Baibars]]; the opening engagement is a siege of [[Tunis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAbaJ3EbWjUC&q=eighth+crusade+1270&pg=PA14|title=The 14th and Final Crusade to the Middle East: Crusades from the 11th Century to the 21st Century|last=Conte|first=Joseph J.|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2008|isbn=9781452055466|location=Bloomington, IN|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 25]] &ndash; King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59A6AgAAQBAJ&q=Louis+IX+1270&pg=PT94|title=The Sanctity of Louis IX: Early Lives of Saint Louis by Geoffrey of Beaulieu and William of Chartres|last1=of Beaulieu|first1=Geoffrey|last2=of Chartres|first2=William|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780801469138|editor-last=Gaposchkin|editor-first=M. Cecilia|location=Ithaca and London|pages=10|language=en|translator-last=Field|translator-first=Larry F.|editor2-last=Field|editor2-first=Sean L.}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end, through an agreement between [[Charles I of Sicily]] (Louis IX's brother) and [[Muhammad I al-Mustansir]], Khalif of [[Tunis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFfrBgAAQBAJ&q=1270+siege+of+tunis&pg=PA140|title=Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present|last=Ross|first=Jeffrey Ian|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781317461098|location=London and New York|pages=140|language=en}}</ref>

==== Other events ====
* [[August 10]] (10 Nehasé 1262) &ndash; [[Yekuno Amlak]] overthrows the [[Ethiopia]]n [[Zagwe dynasty]], claims the imperial throne and establishes the [[Solomonic dynasty|Solomonic Dynasty]], which will last until [[1974]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jO-HDgAAQBAJ&q=Yekuno+Amlak+1270&pg=PA397|title=Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations|last=Halibo|first=Gidey Seyoum|publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA|year=2016|isbn=9781928357032|editor-last=Coertzen|editor-first=Pieter|location=Stellenbosch, South Africa|pages=397|language=en|chapter=Law, Religion and Pluralism in Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Complex Interaction|editor2-last=Green|editor2-first=M. Christian|editor3-last=Hansen|editor3-first=Len}}</ref>

=== Asia ===
* In Korea, the [[Sambyeolcho Rebellion]] begins against the [[Goryeo]] dynasty, a [[vassal state]] of the [[Yuan dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&q=Sambyeolcho+Rebellion+1270&pg=PA79|title=Korean History in Maps|last1=Injae|first1=Lee|last2=Miller|first2=Owen|last3=Jinhoon|first3=Park|last4=Hyun-Hae|first4=Yi|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781107098466|editor-last=Shin|editor-first=Michael D.|location=Cambridge|pages=79|language=en}}</ref>
* The ancient city of [[Ascalon]] is captured from the [[Crusader States]], and utterly destroyed by the [[Mamluk]] sultan [[Baibars]], who goes so far as to fill in its important [[harbor]], leaving the site desolate, and the city never to be rebuilt.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orbpAAAAMAAJ&q=Ashkelon+1270|title=Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land|last1=Avi-Yonah|first1=Michael|last2=Stern|first2=Ephraim|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1978|isbn=9780132751155|volume=I|location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|pages=124|language=en}}</ref>
* The city of [[Tabriz]], in present-day [[Iran]], is made capital of the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] [[Ilkhanate]] Empire (approximate date).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkVWAgAAQBAJ&q=1270+Tabriz&pg=PA308|title=Politics, Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th - 15th Century Tabriz|last=Pfeiffer|first=Judith|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004262577|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=305|language=en}}</ref>
* The independent state of [[Cutch State|Kutch]] is founded, in present-day [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianngos.com/districts/kutch.asp|title=Welcome to Kutch|website=www.indianngos.com|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621181900/http://www.indianngos.com/districts/kutch.asp|archive-date=June 21, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* A census of the Chinese city of [[Hangzhou]] establishes that some 186,330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers (Historian Jacques Gernet argues that this means a population of over 1 million inhabitants, making Hangzhou the most populous city in the world).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chase-Dunn|first1=Chris|last2=Inoue|first2=Hiroku|last3=Anderson|first3=E.N.|date=16 August 2016|title=The Growth of Hangzhou and the Geopolitical Context in East Asia|url=https://irows.ucr.edu/papers/irows111/irows111.htm|journal=The Institute for Research on World-Systems Working Papers|volume=111}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] – The [[Nizari Ismaili state|Nizari Ismaili]] garrison of [[Gerdkuh]], Persia surrender after 17 years to the [[Mongol campaign against the Nizaris|Mongols]].<ref name="Daftary1992p429">{{cite book |last1=Daftary |first1=Farhad |title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-42974-0 |page=429 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Europe ===
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Livonian Crusade]] - [[Battle of Karuse]]: The [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] defeats the [[Livonian Order]] decisively, on the frozen surface of the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&q=Battle+of+Karuse+1270&pg=PA513|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|last=Jaques|first=Tony|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=9780313335389|volume=2: F - O|location=Westport, CN, London|pages=513|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; King [[Stephen V of Hungary]] writes his walk to the ''antiquum castellum'' near [[Miholjanec]], where the [[Sword of Attila]] has been recently discovered.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}
* [[December]] &ndash; Crucial aspects of the philosophy of [[Averroism]] (itself based on [[Aristotle]]'s works) are banned by the [[Roman Catholic Church]], in a [[Condemnation of 1270|condemnation]] enacted by [[pope|papal]] authority at the [[University of Paris]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeQlAAAAQBAJ&q=1270+Averroism&pg=PA45|title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology|last1=Brown|first1=Stephen F.|last2=Flores|first2=Juan Carlos|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|isbn=9780810864535|series=Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movemenets|volume=76|location=Lanham, MA, Toronto, Plymouth|pages=45|language=en}}</ref>
* The ''[[Summa Theologica]]'', a work by [[Thomas Aquinas]] that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its [[theology]], is completed (year uncertain).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/revivalscholast00perrgoog|title=The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century|last=Perrier|first=Joseph Louis|date=1909|publisher=Columbia University Press|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Witelo]] translates [[Alhazen]]'s 200-year-old treatise on [[optics]], ''Kitab al-Manazir'', from [[Arabic]] into [[Latin]], bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xk2AAAAQAAJ&q=1270+Vitello+Alhazen&pg=PA136|title=A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary: Containing an Explanation of the Terms, and an Account of the Several Subjects, Comprised Under the Heads Mathematics, Astronomy, and Philosophy Both Natural and Experimental Also Memoirs of the Lives and Writing of the Eminent Authors, Both Ancient and Modern who by Their Discoveries or Improvements Have Contributed to the Advancement of Them|last=Hutton|first=Charles|publisher=Rivington|year=1815|location=London|pages=135|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Sanskrit]] fables known as the ''[[Panchatantra]]'', dating from as early as 200 [[Common Era|BCE]], are translated into Latin, from a [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] version by [[John of Capua]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrZZAAAAMAAJ&q=John+of+Capua+1270|title=Harvard Oriental Series: Descriptive List Thereof, Revised to 1920: with a Brief Memorial of Its Joint-founder, Henry Clarke Warren|last=Lanman|first=Charles Rockwell|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1920|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=5|language=en}}</ref>
* Construction of the [[Old New Synagogue]] in [[Prague]] is completed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5azmtjTEQW4C&q=Old+New+Synagogue+1270&pg=PA489|title=A Travel Guide to Jewish Europe: A practical, anecdotal and adventurous journey through historic Jewish Europe, including kosher restaurants, cafes, synagogues and museums, plus cultural and heritage sites.|last=Frank|first=Ben G.|publisher=Pelican Publishing|year=2001|isbn=9781455613298|edition=Third|location=Gretna, LA|pages=489|language=en|orig-year=1992}}</ref>
* The [[cathedral]] on the [[Rock of Cashel]] in [[Lordship of Ireland|Ireland]] is completed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkSk4euA-TEC&q=Rock+of+Cashel+1270&pg=PA460|title=Encyclopedia of Sacred Places|last=Brockman|first=Norbert|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=9781598846546|edition=Second|volume=I: A–M|pages=460|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall]], donates to the Cistercian [[Hailes Abbey]] in England (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the [[Blood of Christ]], acquired in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]; this becomes such a magnet for [[pilgrimage]] that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=328158|mname=Hailes Abbey|access-date=2020-09-13}}</ref>
* The ''[[Chronicle of Melrose]]'' is ended.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VB51DPui-TsC&q=Chronicle+of+Melrose+1270&pg=PA134|title=Britain and Poland-Lithuania: Contact and Comparison from the Middle Ages to 1795|last=Jamroziak|first=Emilia|publisher=BRILL|year=2008|isbn=9789004166233|editor-last=Unger|editor-first=Richard|series=The Northern World|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=134|language=en|chapter=Border Communities between Violence and Opportunities: Scotland and Pomerania Compared}}</ref></onlyinclude>