Editing 1260 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Africa ====
* [[October 24]] – [[Qutuz|Saif ad-Din Qutuz]], [[Mamluk]] sultan of [[Egypt]], is assassinated by [[Baibars]], who seizes power for himself.<ref name=":0a">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gn8yDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+qutuz&pg=PA224|title=The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades|last=Cobb|first=Paul M.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-061446-1|location=Oxford and New York|pages=225|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHlUDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+qutuz&pg=PA19|title=The Tunis Crusade of 1270: A Mediterranean History|last=Lower|first=Michael|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-0-19-874432-0|location=Oxford and New York|pages=21|language=en}}</ref>
* The civil servant and bard longing for lost [[al-Andalus]], [[Ibn al-Abbar]], is burnt at the stake by the [[Marinid]] ruler.<ref name=":1a">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sx1bqgibKhQC&q=1260+Ibn+al-Abbar&pg=PA301|title=Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature|last1=Meisami|first1=Julie Scott|last2=Starkey|first2=Paul|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|isbn=978-0-415-18571-4|location=London and New York|pages=301|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Arba'a Rukun Mosque]] is completed in Mogadishu. The Arba'a Rukun Mosque (Arabic: أربع ركون), also known as Arba Rucun, is a mosque in the medieval district Shangani, Mogadishu, Somalia.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Adam |first1=Anita |title=Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu |pages=204–205}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* The [[Toluid Civil War]] begins between [[Kublai Khan]] and [[Ariq Böke]], for the title of [[Great Khan]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0StLNcKQNUoC&q=toluid+1260|title=Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia|last=Allsen|first=Thomas T.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-60270-9|location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town|pages=22|language=en|orig-date=2001}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] – [[Kublai Khan]] becomes a claimant to the [[Mongol Empire]], after the death of [[Möngke Khan]].<ref name=":2" />
* [[May 21]] –  Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with [[Song dynasty]] Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the [[Yangtze]] River is destroyed, by a Chinese army of the [[Southern Song dynasty]]. Chancellor Jia Sidao imprisons the entire embassy of Kublai. This slight will not be forgotten by Kublai, but he is unable to assault the Song, due to the civil war with his rival brother [[Ariq Böke]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
* [[September 3]] – [[Battle of Ain Jalut]] in [[Galilee]]: The [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluks]] defeat the [[Mongols]], marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire. [[Isa ibn Muhanna]] is appointed ''[[amir al-ʿarab]]'' under the Mamluks.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut&pg=PA283|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=283|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFO-eV9cQ0sC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut|title=Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281|last=Amitai-Preiss|first=Reuven|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-52290-8|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=26–30|language=en|orig-date=1995}}</ref>
* The [[Chinese era name|Chinese era]] ''Jingding'' begins and ends in the [[Southern Song dynasty]] of China.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40elDQAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jingding+southern+song&pg=PA757|title=A Social History of Medieval China|last1=Zhu|first1=Ruixi|last2=Zhang|first2=Bangwei|last3=Liu|first3=Fusheng|last4=Cai|first4=Chongbang|last5=Wang|first5=Zengyu|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-107-16786-5|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=757|language=en}}</ref>
* The Japanese [[Shōgen]] era ends, and the [[Bun'ō]] era begins.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-sAAAAIAAJ&q=1260+Sh%C5%8Dgen&pg=PA216|title=Lordship and Inheritance in Early Medieval Japan: A Study of the Kamakura Soryo System|last=Mass|first=Jeffrey P.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-8047-1540-9|location=Stanford, CA|pages=215–216|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m34p1f93HogC&q=1260+Bun%27%C5%8D&pg=PA81|title=From Sovereign to Symbol: An Age of Ritual Determinism in Fourteenth Century Japan|last=Conlan|first=Thomas|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-19-977810-2|location=Oxford and New York|pages=81|language=en}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[July 12]] – [[Battle of Kressenbrunn]]: King [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]] captures [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]] from King [[Béla IV of Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNADwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Kressenbrunn&pg=PA175|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History|last=Grant|first=R. G.|publisher=Book Sales|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7858-3553-0|location=New York|pages=175|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 13]] – [[Livonian Crusade]]: The [[Balts|Baltic]] [[Samogitians]] and [[Curonians]] of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] decisively defeat the [[Livonian Order]] in the [[Battle of Durbe]]. This leads the [[Estonians]] of [[Saaremaa]] Island to once again rebel against the Livonian Order.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&q=1260+Battle+of+Durbe&pg=PA320|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|last=Jaques|first=Tony|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33537-2|volume=I: A-E|location=Westport, CT and London|pages=320|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] – [[Battle of Montaperti]]: The [[Siena|Sienese]] [[Ghibellines]], supported by the forces of King [[Manfred of Sicily]], defeat the [[Florence|Florentine]] [[Guelphs]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QAOAQAAIAAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Montaperti&pg=PA161|title=A History of the Commonwealth of Florence: From the Earliest Independence of the Commune to the Fall of the Republic in 1531|last=Trollope|first=Thomas Adolphus|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1865|volume=I|location=London|pages=154–160|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-frZAwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Montaperti&pg=PT36|title=Discourse and the Construction of Society: Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual, and Classification|last=Lincoln|first=Bruce|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-937238-6|location=Oxford and New York|pages=21–24|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 20]] – Second of the two major [[Prussian uprisings]] by the [[Old Prussians|Old Prussian]] tribe of [[Balts]] against the [[Teutonic Order]] begins.
* The [[Duchy of Saxony]] is divided into [[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxony-Lauenberg]] and [[Saxony-Wittenberg]], marking the end of the first Saxon state.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0VYDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Saxony&pg=PA1266|title=Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures|last=Gyllenbok|first=Jan|publisher=Birkhäuser|year=2018|isbn=978-3-319-66691-4|series=Science Networks Historical Studies 57|volume=2|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=1266|language=en}}</ref>
* War breaks out in the [[Valais]] (in modern-day Switzerland), as the [[Bishop of Sion|Bishopry of Sion]] defends against an invasion by the [[County of Savoy]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
* [[Croatia in the union with Hungary|Croatia]] is divided into two sub-regions ruled by [[Ban (title)|ban]]: the Croatian region on the south and Slavonian region on the north, by King [[Béla IV of Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWd0mimd-dMC&q=1260+Croatia+ban&pg=PA261|title=Künker Auktion 137 – The De Wit Collection of Medieval Coins, 1000 Years of European Coinage, Part III: England, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Balkan, the Middle East, Crusader States, Jetons und Weights|last=Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG|publisher=Numismatischer Verlag Künker|year=2008|location=Osnabrück, Germany|pages=261|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&q=1260+Croatia+ban&pg=PA22|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|location=Ann Arbor, MI|pages=22|language=en}}</ref>

=== By topic ===
==== Arts and culture ====
* [[October 24]] – The [[Cathedral of Chartres]] is dedicated in the presence of King [[Louis IX of France]] (the cathedral is now a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]).<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcNViPYPgLQC&q=1260+Chartres+Cathedral&pg=PA54-IA2|title=High Gothic Sculpture at Chartres Cathedral, the Tomb of the Count of Joigny, and the Master of the Warrior Saints|last=Morganstern|first=Anne McGee|publisher=Pennsylvania State Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-271-04865-9|location=University Park, PA|pages=73|language=en|chapter=Chapter Five: The North Transept Porch of Chartres Cathedral}}</ref>
* [[Jacobus de Voragine]] compiles his work, the ''[[Golden Legend]]'', a late [[medieval]] best-seller.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQnm3sNf4MUC&q=1260+Jacobus+da+Varagine&pg=PP17|title=The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints|last=Ryan|first=William Granger|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-691-00153-1|editor-last=Vorágine|editor-first=Jacobo de|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=xiii|language=en|orig-date=1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmdjDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jacobus+da+Varagine&pg=PA121|title=Solitudo: Spaces and Places of Solitude in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cultures|last=Delaure|first=Dominic E.|publisher=BRILL|year=2018|isbn=9789004367432|editor-last=Enenkel|editor-first=Karl A. E.|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=121|language=en|chapter=Chapter 4: Concepts of Solitude in Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda aurea|editor2-last=Göttler|editor2-first=Christine}}</ref>
* The [[mosaic]] ''Christ between the Virgin and St Minias'' is made on the facade of [[Florence]]'s [[Basilica di San Miniato al Monte]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXi0BgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Christ+between+the+Virgin+and+St+Minias&pg=PA164|title=The Rough Guide to Florence & the best of Tuscany|last1=Buckley|first1=Jonathan|last2=Jepson|first2=Tim|publisher=Rough Guides UK|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84836-197-3|location=New York, London, Delhi|pages=160|language=en}}</ref>
* German [[Music theory|musical theorist]] [[Franco of Cologne]] publishes ''Ars Cantus Mensurabilis'', in which he advances a new theory of musical notation, in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJFxDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Ars+Cantus+Mensurabilis&pg=PA59|title=Music in the Middle Ages: A Reference Guide: A Reference Guide|last=Lord|first=Suzanne|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-313-08368-6|location=Westport, CT and London|pages=59|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySQ49B5JyIgC&q=1260+Ars+Cantus+Mensurabilis&pg=PA89|title=Giving Voice to Love: Song and Self-Expression from the Troubadours to Guillaume de Machaut|last=Peraino|first=Judith A.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-19-975724-4|location=Oxford, New York|pages=89|language=en}}</ref>
* Construction begins on the [[Dunkeld Cathedral]] in [[Perthshire]], Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-i8ZAQAAMAAJ&q=1260+Dunkeld+Cathedral|title=Scotland: An Encyclopedia of Places & Landscapes|last1=Munro|first1=David M.|last2=Gittings|first2=Bruce|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2006|isbn=978-0-00-472466-9|location=London and New York|pages=175|language=en}}</ref>
* Construction begins on the [[cathedral]]s at [[Meißen]] and [[Schwerin]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4DBAgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Meissen+Cathedral&pg=PA265|title=The Rise of Heritage: Preserving the Past in France, Germany and England, 1789–1914|last=Swenson|first=Astrid|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-107-46911-2|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=265|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nicola Pisano]] sculpts the [[pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CurSh3Sh_KMC&q=1260+Pisa+pulpit+Pisano&pg=PA747|title=Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages|last1=Magill|first1=Frank Northen|last2=Aves|first2=Alison|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|isbn=978-1-57958-041-4|volume=II: The Middle Ages|location=London and New York|pages=747|language=en}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* The newly formed [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] of [[Thailand]] adopts [[Theravada]] Buddhism.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=985a1M7L1NcC&q=1260+theravada+sukhothai&pg=PA299|title=A Dictionary of Buddhism|last=Keown|first=Damien|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-19-157917-2|location=Oxford and New York|pages=299|language=en}}</ref>
* The advent of the Age of the Holy Spirit predicted by [[Joachim of Fiore]], according to his interpretation of the [[Book of Revelation]], chapter 6.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDE9DwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Joachim+of+Fiore&pg=PA243|title=A Companion to Joachim of Fiore|last=Andrews|first=Frances|publisher=BRILL|year=2017|isbn=9789004339668|editor-last=Riedl|editor-first=Matthias|series=Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=241–244|language=en|chapter=The Influence of Joachim in the 13th Century}}</ref></onlyinclude>