Editing 1243 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[March]] &ndash; King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint''') turns the independent [[Taifa of Murcia]] into a protectorate, and initiates the process of the colonization and [[Christianization]] of the region. He receives the submission of the [[Moors]], under the terms of a peace agreement (the famous [[Treaty of Alcaraz]]).
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Bordeaux (1243)|Treaty of Bordeaux]]: King [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ('''the Saint''') and King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] agree to a truce that ends the [[Saintonge War]]. The truce does not stop the on-going clashes (and further tensions) between [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 140. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[Siege of Viterbo]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] besieges [[Viterbo]] on request of the rebel citizens. The defenders are able to set fire to the [[siege tower]]s and after signing a peace treaty, Frederick is persuaded to withdraw his army.<ref>Dennis Showalter (2013). ''The Encyclopedia of Warfare: Medieval Wars 500–1500'', p. 77. {{ISBN|978-1-78274-119-0}}.</ref>
* [[Siege of Montségur]]: French forces (some 10,000 men) begin the siege of [[Château de Montségur]] to raze the stronghold held by the rebellious [[Catharism|Cathars]]. The castle is defended by some 100 troops and 500 refugees.<ref>Claude Lebédel (2011). ''Understanding the tragedy of the Cathars'', p. 109. Editions Quest-France. {{ISBN|978-2-7373-5267-6}}.</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Castile|Castillan]] troops are garrisoned in [[Murcia]], to support the [[Banu Hud|Hudid Dynasty]].<ref name="negotiating88a">{{cite book|last=de Epalza|first=Miguel|title=Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror|year=1999|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-11244-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjFacnscoBIC&q=Treaty+of+Alcaraz+1243|page=88}}</ref>

==== England ====
* Spring &ndash; Henry III bestows the custody of [[Kenilworth Castle]] to [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]]. Simon's wife [[Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester|Eleanor]], Henry's sister, already owned [[Odiham Castle]] (or '''King John's Castle''') so Simon has two of the strongest fortresses in England under his control.

==== Levant ====
* [[June 12]] &ndash; A Crusader force under [[Balian of Beirut|Balian III]], lord of [[Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem#Lordship of Beirut|Beirut]], captures [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] after a long siege. The barons seize the citadel on [[July 10]], with the help of [[Alice of Champagne|Alice]], queen of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]], whose forces arrive on [[June 15]]. This ending the [[War of the Lombards]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 185. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

==== Mongol Empire ====
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Köse Dağ]]: The Mongols under [[Baiju Noyan]] defeat the [[Seljuk Turks]] of the [[Sultanate of Rum]] and their Byzantine allies. The Seljuks and the [[Empire of Trebizond]] become vassals of the Mongols.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]] succeeds [[Pope Celestine IV|Celestine IV]] as the 180th pope of the [[Catholic Church]], after a ''[[sede vacante]]'' of 7 months.
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