Editing 1233 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[War of the Lombards]]: Lombard forces at [[Kyrenia]] surrender to [[John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut|John of Beirut]], after a 10-month siege. The defenders, with their personal belongings, are allowed to retire to [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]].  Captured prisoners are exchanged for those held by [[Richard Filangieri]], commander of the Lombards, at Tyre. [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] is wholly restored under the rule of the 16-year-old King [[Henry I of Cyprus|Henry I]] ("the Fat"). His vassals are rewarded, and loans that they have made are repaid.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 169–170. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> 
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Oath of Bereg]]: King [[Andrew II of Hungary]] vows to the [[Holy See]] that he will not employ [[Jews in Hungary|Jews]] and [[Böszörmény|Muslims]] to administer royal revenues, which causes diplomatic complaints and ecclesiastical [[Censure (Catholic canon law)|censure]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Berend |first=Nora |year=2001|title=''At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims and "Pagans" in Medieval Hungary,'' c. ''1000''-c.''1300'' |page=158 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-02720-5}}
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* Winter &ndash; [[Reconquista]]: King [[Ferdinand III of Castile]] ("the Saint") conquers the cities of [[Trujillo, Cáceres|Trujillo]] and [[Úbeda]]. The Castilian army besieges the city of [[Peniscola]]. Ferdinand forces [[Ibn Hud]], ruler of the [[Taifa of Zaragoza]], to sign a truce.<ref name=JMC>{{cite book|last=Lourie|first=Elena|title=Jews, Muslims, and Christians in and around the Crown of Aragon: essays in honour of Professor Elena Lourie|year=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-12951-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TdP6b3f-TIC&q=christian+mercenaries+maghrib|page=270}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==== England ====
* [[August]] &ndash; [[Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke|Richard Marshal]], 3rd [[Earl of Pembroke]], signs an alliance with [[Llywelyn the Great]], to join forces to revolt against King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]. Richard is faced by demands from royal bailiffs in September – where the garrison of [[Usk Castle]] is forced to surrender.
* [[November]] &ndash; Henry III's army camped at [[Grosmont Castle]] is attacked in the night, by a force of Welsh and English rebels. Several of Henry's supporters are captured, and the castle is returned to  [[Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent|Hubert de Burgh]], one of the rebels.

==== Mongol Empire ====
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty|Mongol–Jin War]]: The Mongol army led by [[Ögedei Khan]] captures [[Kaifeng]], capital of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] ('Great Jin'), after the 13-month [[Siege of Kaifeng (1232)]]. The Mongols plunder the city, while [[Emperor Aizong of Jin]] flees for the town of [[Cai Prefecture|Caizhou]]. Meanwhile, Ögedei departs and leaves the final conquest to his favoured general, [[Subutai]].
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Siege of Caizhou]]: The Mongols under Ögedei Khan besiege Caizhou and ally themselves with the Chinese [[Song dynasty]] to eliminate the Jin Dynasty.

=== By topic ===

==== Cities and Towns ====
* [[Gendt]] receives its [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] from [[Otto II, Count of Guelders|Otto II]] ("the Lame"), count of [[Guelders]] (modern [[Netherlands]]).

==== Religion ====
* [[Pope Gregory IX]] establishes the [[Medieval Inquisition|Papal Inquisition]], to regularize the persecution of [[heresy]].</onlyinclude>