Editing 1222 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Asia ====
* The [[Ghurid dynasty]] capital of [[Firozkoh]] (in modern-day Afghanistan) is destroyed, by Mongol Emperor [[Ögedei Khan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ArdtAAAAMAAJ&q=1222+Firozkoh|title=Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran: The Outset of the Diaspora|last=Lavī|first=Ḥabīb|publisher=Mazda Publishers|year=1999|isbn=9781568590868|location=Costa Mesa, CA|pages=32|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58rrjM-6XksC&q=Firozkoh+mongol&pg=PA161|title=Chingiz Khan: The Life and Legacy of an Empire Builder|last=Haqqi|first=Anwarul Haque|publisher=Primus Books|year=2010|isbn=9788190891899|location=New Delhi|pages=161–162|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYaamE_3kD4C&q=Firozkoh+mongol&pg=PA16|title=The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731-1901|last=Lee|first=Jonathan L.|publisher=BRILL|year=1996|isbn=9789004103993|series=Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts|location=Leiden, New York, Köln|pages=14–16|language=en}}</ref>

* After the invasion and destruction of the [[Khwarezmian Empire]] in [[1221]],  [[Genghis Khan]] returns to Mongolia, and a rebellion sparks in [[Helmand]], to which the response is a large army led by [[Ögedei Khan]] sent into the region to put an end to the rebellion of Muhammad the Marghani, resulting in the killing of every man in [[Ghazni]] and [[Helmand]], and the enslavement and selling of most of the women of the region.

* Genghis Khan’s armies were said to have killed approximately 1.6 million people in the city of [[Herat]], in Northwestern Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/04/25/invaders-3 | title=Invaders | magazine=The New Yorker | date=April 18, 2005 | last1=Frazier | first1=Ian }}</ref>

==== Mesoamerica ====

* [[Chiconquiauhtzin]] becomes [[Tlatoani|Ruler]] of the [[Altepetl|City-state]] [[Azcapotzalco (altepetl)|Azcapotzalco]] at the [[Valley of Mexico]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tE_dT9F_zycC&q=1222+Azcapotzalco&pg=PA38|title=REFINERÍA-AZCAPOTZALCO. Un cementerio tecpaneca prehispánico|last1=Mendoza Luján|first1=J. Erik|last2=Alvarado Viñas|first2=Adrián|last3=Balderas Correa|first3=Maria Eugenia|last4=Correa|first4=Alejanda Gonzales|publisher=Lulu.com|year=2011|isbn=9789709557206|location=Morrisville, NC|pages=38|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pueblosoriginarios.com/biografias/acolhuatzin.html|title=Acolhuatzin|website=pueblosoriginarios.com|access-date=2019-06-11}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Stephen Langton]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in [[England]], opens a council at [[Osney Abbey]], [[Oxford]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlmxCwAAQBAJ&q=Stephen+Langton+1222+osney&pg=PA57|title=Historical Tables: 58 BC–AD 1985|last=Steinberg|first=S. H.|publisher=Springer|year=1986|isbn=9781349085859|edition= 11th|location=London and Basingstoke|pages=57|language=en|orig-year=1964}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGn5lbRNRVwC&q=1222+osney&pg=PA201|title=Façade as Spectacle: Ritual and Ideology at Wells Cathedral|last=Malone|first=Carolyn Marino|publisher=BRILL|year=2004|isbn=9789004138407|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=201|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eOxEAAAAYAAJ&q=1222+osney&pg=PA193|title=The History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford: In Two Books|last=Wood|first=Anthony à|publisher=John Gutch|year=1792|volume=The First|location=Oxford, UK|pages=193|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Synod of Oxford]] - The 1222 Christian Synod of Oxford passed anti-Semitic laws that forbade social interactions between Jews and Christians, placed a specific tithe on Jews and required them to wear an identifying badge.<ref>The 1222 Christian Synod of Oxford passed laws that forbade social interactions between Jews and Christians. placed a specific tithe on Jews and required them to wear an identifying badge.</ref><ref name="i24N_2022">{{cite news |title=Church of England to apologize for 13th century anti-Semitic laws |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/ryxskvj6o |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=i24NEWS |date=13 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IT_2022">{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Charles |title=CHURCH REPENTS OF ANTISEMITISM "I think the Jews of 1222 would have been astonished to hear Hebrew ring out in this cathedral" |url=https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/church-repents-of-antisemitism/ |access-date=9 May 2022 |publisher=Israel Today |date=9 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="IIS_2022">{{cite news |last1=Phillips |first1=Melanie |title=The 800-year apology: What is the real challenge to reconciling Christians and Jews? – Israel InSight |url=https://israelinsightmagazine.com/2021/07/16/the-800-year-apology-what-is-the-real-challenge-to-reconciling-christians-and-jews/ |access-date=9 May 2022 |publisher=Israel In Sight}}</ref><ref name="DpC_2022">{{cite news |last1=Mayaki |first1=Benedict |title=Church of England apologizes for anti-Jewish laws, 800 years on - Vatican News |url=http://www.vaticannews.cn/en/church/news/2022-05/church-england-800-jewish-laws-synod-oxford.html |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=www.vaticannews.cn |publisher=Dicasterium pro Communicatione |date=9 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TJC_2022">{{cite news |last1=Pope |first1=Felix |title=Church of England apologises for 'shameful actions' against Jews |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/news/church-of-england-apologises-for-shameful-actions-against-jews-4FtQ1TRovc2YlSbWz3UxdS |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=www.thejc.com |publisher=The Jewish Chronicle}}</ref><ref name="DoO_2022">{{cite news |title=Diocese of Oxford {{!}} 800th anniversary of the 1222 Synod of Oxford |url=https://www.oxford.anglican.org/training-events/1222-synod.php |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=www.oxford.anglican.org |publisher=The Oxford Diocesan Board of Finance |date=6 May 2022 |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508090551/https://www.oxford.anglican.org/training-events/1222-synod.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="OJH_2022">{{cite news |last1=Abrams |first1=Rebecca |title=Righting Historic Wrongs - 1222 Synod of Oxford |url=https://oxfordjewishheritage.co.uk/oxford-jewish-heritage/medieval-period-c1075-1290/narrative/338-righting-historic-wrongs |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=oxfordjewishheritage.co.uk |publisher=Oxford Jewish Heritage |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522222651/https://oxfordjewishheritage.co.uk/oxford-jewish-heritage/medieval-period-c1075-1290/narrative/338-righting-historic-wrongs |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="TOI_2022">{{cite news |last1=staff |first1=T. O. I. |title=After 800 years, Church of England apologizes to Jews for laws that led to expulsion |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/church-of-england-apologizes-to-jews-800-years-after-laws-that-led-to-expulsion/ |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=www.timesofisrael.com |publisher=The Times of Israel |date=8 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="TN-2022">{{cite news |last1=Peachey |first1=Paul |title=Anglican Church apologises over 800-year-old anti-Jewish laws |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/uk-news/2022/05/09/anglican-church-apologises-over-800-year-old-anti-jewish-laws/ |access-date=9 May 2022 |publisher=The National |date=May 9, 2022}}</ref>
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[1222 Cyprus earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBCIDwAAQBAJ&q=1222+Cyprus+earthquake&pg=PA218|title=On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods: Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018|last1=Sundararajan|first1=Narasimman|last2=Eshagh|first2=Mehdi|last3=Saibi|first3=Hakim|last4=Meghraoui|first4=Mustapha|last5=Al-Garni|first5=Mansour|last6=Giroux|first6=Bernard|publisher=Springer|year=2019|isbn=9783030016562|series=Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation: IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=219|language=en|chapter=Possible Tsunami Wave Heights in the Eastern Mediterranean Region from 1222 Paphos Earthquake (by Ergin Ulutaş)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XdicBAAAQBAJ&q=1222+Cyprus+earthquake&pg=PA114|title=Tsunamis in the European-Mediterranean Region: From Historical Record to Risk Mitigation|last=Papadopoulos|first=Gerassimos|publisher=Elsevier|year=2016|isbn=9780127999272|location=Amsterdam, Oxford, Waltham, MA|pages=114|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August]] &ndash; After the death of [[John I of Sweden]] on [[March 10]], 6-year-old [[Eric XI of Sweden|Erik Eriksson]] is elected new [[List of Swedish monarchs|King of Sweden]] (sometime between this time and [[July]] [[1223]]).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iJpCgAAQBAJ&q=1222+Erik+XI+Sweden&pg=PA307|title=Historical Dictionary of Sweden|last1=Elgán|first1=Elisabeth|last2=Scobbie|first2=Irene|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2015|isbn=9781442250710|location=Lanham, MA and London|pages=307|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=joawDAAAQBAJ&q=1222+Erik+XI+Sweden&pg=PA240|title=Vikings and Goths: A History of Ancient and Medieval Sweden|last=Peterson|first=Gary Dean|publisher=McFarland|year=2016|isbn=9781476624341|location=Jefferson, NC|pages=240|language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] &ndash; The [[Golden Bull of 1222]] is issued in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], limiting the power of the monarchy over the nobility.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4z4MmBFS10C&q=Golden+Bull+of+1222&pg=PA637|title=Select Documents Illustrating Mediaeval and Modern History|last=Reich|first=Emil|publisher=The Minerva Group, Inc.|year=2004|isbn=9781410215369|location=Honolulu, HI|pages=637|language=en|orig-year=1905}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhJ189HIqXUC&q=Golden+Bull+of+1222&pg=PA276|title=Freedom and the Construction of Europe|last1=Skinner|first1=Quentin|last2=Gelderen|first2=Martin van|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781107033061|volume=I: Religious Freedom and Civil Liberty|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=276|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0g4YEp7ZrsC&q=Golden+Bull+of+1222&pg=PA33|title=A Concise History of Hungary|last1=Molnár|first1=Miklós|last2=Miklós|first2=Molnár|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|isbn=9780521667364|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=32–34|language=en}}</ref>
*[[December 25]] &ndash; The [[1222 Brescia earthquake]] is so powerful that the inhabitants of [[Brescia]] leave their city ''en masse'' and camp outside so that falling buildings would not crush them, according to chronicler [[Salimbene de Adam]].<ref name="Salimbene">Salimbene de Adam, ''Chronicle of Salimbene de Adam.''</ref>
* [[Livonian Crusade]] &ndash; The [[Denmark|Danish]] fail in their attempt to conquer [[Saaremaa]] Island from the [[Estonians]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUawCQAAQBAJ&q=1222+Saaremaa&pg=PR27|title=Historical Dictionary of Estonia|last=Miljan|first=Toivo|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2015|isbn=9780810875135|location=Lanham, MA, Boulder, CO, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK|pages=xxvii|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ottokar I of Bohemia]] reunites [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and [[Moravia]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bclfdU_2lesC&q=1222+Ottokar&pg=PA763|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History|last=Abulafia|first=University Lecturer in History David|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=9780521362894|volume=5, C.1198-c.1300|location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne|pages=763|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MuZ3DwAAQBAJ&q=1222+Ottokar+I&pg=PT245|title=The Medieval Networks in East Central Europe: Commerce, Contacts, Communication|last1=Nagy|first1=Balazs|last2=Vadas|first2=András|last3=Schmieder|first3=Felicitas|publisher=Routledge|year=2019|isbn=9781351371162|location=New York and London|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Cistercian]] [[Alcobaça Monastery|convent in Alcobaça, Portugal]], is completed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jcXlAAAAMAAJ&q=1222+Alcoba%C3%A7a|title=Escultura de Alcobaca Por Barata Feyo|last=Feyo|first=Barata|year=1945|pages=43|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fBtwDwAAQBAJ&q=1222+Alcoba%C3%A7a&pg=PA177|title=The Story of Eclipses Simply Told for General Readers, With Especial Reference to the Total Eclipse of the Sun of May 28, 1900|last=Chambers|first=George|publisher=George Newnes|year=2018|isbn=9783734028243|location=London|pages=177|language=en|orig-year=1899}}</ref>
* Approximate date &ndash; The [[Royal Standard of Scotland]] is adopted.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XvnCwAAQBAJ&q=1222+Royal+Standard+of+Scotland&pg=PA91|title=The Shape of the State in Medieval Scotland, 1124-1290|last=Taylor|first=Alice|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780198749202|location=Oxford and New York|pages=91|language=en}}</ref>
* Traditional date &ndash; The [[University of Padua]] is founded in [[Italy]], by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iW7E7LQiu8kC&q=1222+university+of+padua&pg=PA10|title=The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages|last=Rashdall|first=Hastings|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=9781108018111|volume=2, Part 1, Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Scotland, Etc.|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=10–11|language=en|orig-year=1895}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdyhAwAAQBAJ&q=1222+university+of+padua&pg=PA2|title=University Planning and Architecture: The Search for Perfection|last1=Coulson|first1=Jonathan|last2=Roberts|first2=Paul|last3=Taylor|first3=Isabelle|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9781136933707|location=New York and London|pages=1222|language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude>