Editing 1174 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Britain ====
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Battle of Alnwick (1174)|Battle of Alnwick]]: King [[William the Lion|William I]] ('''the Lion'''), supported by Flemish mercenaries, invades [[Kingdom of England|England]], to help fight in the baronial rebellion against King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]]. William attacks [[Prudhoe Castle]] in [[Northumberland]], but is unable to capture it. He is captured by Lord [[Ranulf de Glanvill]], and brought back to [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=69–72|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> Henry occupies a part of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], with its five strongest castles: [[Roxburgh Castle|Roxburgh]], [[Berwick Castle|Berwick]], [[Jedburgh Castle|Jedburgh]], [[Edinburgh Castle|Edinburgh]] and [[Stirling Castle|Stirling]].
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Canterbury Cathedral]] is severely damaged in a fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canterbury-cathedral.org/heritage/archives/object-of-the-month/102177/|title = The Cathedral's great fire}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; The [[Revolt of 1173–1174]]: After a year and a half of rebellion, Henry II achieves peace agreements with his sons [[Henry the Young King]], [[Richard I of England|Richard]], [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany|Geoffrey]] and [[John, King of England|John]] at [[Montlouis]], on the basis of the pre-war [[Status quo ante bellum|status quo]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/126|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/126 126–127]}}</ref> Before he returns to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]], Henry orders the rebel castles in England and [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] to be destroyed.<ref>Warren, W. L. (2000). ''Henry II'' (Yale ed.). New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press. pp. 140–142. {{ISBN|978-0-300-08474-0}}.</ref>
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Battle of Thurles]]: Gaelic-Irish forces under King [[Domnall Mór Ua Briain]] defeat an Anglo-Norman invasion at [[Thurles]] in [[Ireland]]. The English expedition led by Earl [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Richard de Clare]] ('''Strongbow''') is surprised while encamped in the area of ''Lognafola'' and is forced to retreat to [[Waterford]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thurles|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/sports-recreation/postcards-of-ireland/tipperarys-historical-pos/thurles/|website=askaboutireland.ie}}</ref>
* [[December 8]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Falaise]]: Captured by the English, William I is forced to sign a peace agreement. The treaty makes Scotland a feudal possession of England, William and his nobles swear allegiance to Henry II. He must hand over several castles to Henry in return for his freedom.<ref name=CBH/>

==== Europe ====
* Summer &ndash; French forces under King [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]], supported by Henry the Young King and [[Philip I, Count of Flanders|Philip of Alsace]], encircle [[Rouen]]. The city holds out against the war engines long enough for Henry II to arrive in the middle of August to stage a rescue. The besiegers are fearful that Henry will invade [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] and the siege is lifted.
* [[October 29]] &ndash; Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa'''), on his fifth Italian campaign, begins the siege of [[Alessandria]] in northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. He is opposed by the [[Lombard League]] (now joined by [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and [[Constantinople]]).<ref>Kampers, Franz. ''Frederick I (Barbarossa). The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], Seljuk ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Syria]], dies at [[Damascus]] after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son [[As-Salih Ismail al-Malik]]. Meanwhile, [[Saladin]] declares himself his [[regent]] and vassal.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; King [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] dies of [[dysentery]] after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem|Baldwin IV]] ('''the Leper'''), who becomes ruler of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]. Count [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond of Tripoli]] is appointed as his regent.
* [[November 23]] &ndash; Saladin arrives at Damascus and spends the night at his father's old house, until the gates of the [[Citadel of Damascus]] are opened to him, after a brief siege by his brother [[Tughtakin ibn Ayyub]].<ref>Lyons, M. C.; Jackson, D. E. P. (1982). ''Saladin, the politics of the Holy War'', p. 83. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-31739-9}}.</ref>

==== Egypt ====
* February &ndash; [[Saladin]]'s brother [[Turan-Shah]] sails with an army and supporting fleet to conquer the [[Hejaz]] and [[Yemen]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lyons |first1=Malcolm Cameron |last2=Jackson |first2=D. E. P. |year=1982 |title=Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War |url={{Gbooks|hGR5M0druJIC|plainurl=yes}} |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-31739-8 | pages=65–66}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; A [[pro-Fatimid conspiracy against Saladin|conspiracy]] against [[Saladin]], aiming to restore the [[Fatimid Caliphate]], is revealed in [[Cairo]], involving senior figures of the former Fatimid regime and the poet [[Umara al-Yamani]]. Modern historians doubt the extent and danger of the conspiracy reported in official sources, but its ringleaders will be publicly executed over the following weeks.<ref>{{Kalifen und Assassinen|pages=294–297}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fulton |first=Michael S. |year=2022 |title=Contest for Egypt: The Collapse of the Fatimid Caliphate, the Ebb of Crusader Influence, and the Rise of Saladin |location=Leiden and Boston |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-51227-6 | pages=150–151}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; The Sicilian fleet (some 250 ships) under [[Tancred, Count of Syracuse]], launches a [[Siege of Alexandria (1174)|failed attack]] against [[Alexandria]]. But he is deprived of support and forced to sail away after a seven-day blockade on [[August 1]].<ref>{{Runciman-A History of the Crusades|volume=2|page=329}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[Kilij Arslan II]], Seljuk ruler of the [[Sultanate of Rum]], rounds off his conquest of the [[Danishmendids|Danishmend Turks]] in [[Eastern Anatolia region|Eastern Anatolia]]. He allies with the Zangid rulers against [[Mosul]].<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History''. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 127. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[April 7]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] consecrates [[Richard of Dover]] as archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] at [[Anagni]]. Richard returns to [[Kingdom of England|England]] bearing his [[pallium]] which he has received directly from the pope.<ref>Duggan, Charles (1965). "From the Conquest to the Death of John". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.). ''English Church and the Papacy'', p. 73. {{ISBN|0-7509-1947-7}}.</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; Henry II does [[penance]] at [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] for the murder of [[Thomas Becket]] (see [[1170]]), even though indirect. He is whipped by the monks as punishment.
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