Editing 1170 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
 
==== Levant ====
* Winter &ndash; Egyptian forces, led by [[Saladin]], invade the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]], and besiege [[Deir al-Balah|Darum]] on the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege engines with him, the fall seems imminent. King [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric I]] withdraws his [[Knights Templar|Templar]] garrison from [[Gaza City|Gaza]], to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord [[Miles of Plancy]]), and massacres the inhabitants. However, the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat to [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 317–318. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Saladin sends an Egyptian squadron up the [[Gulf of Aqaba]], which captures the Crusader outpost of [[Aqaba|Aila]], at the head of the Gulf.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 318. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== England ====
* [[June 14]] &ndash; King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] has his 15-year-old son, [[Henry the Young King]], crowned by [[Roger de Pont L'Évêque|Roger]], [[Archbishop of York]], as [[Coronation#Coronation of heirs apparent|junior king]] and heir to the English throne. The coronation drives [[Pope Alexander III]] to allow the exiled [[Thomas Becket]] (whose privilege as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] to crown English monarchs has been infringed) to lay an [[interdict]] on England as punishment, and this threat forces Henry to negotiate with Becket. [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Sir William Marshal]] is appointed tutor-in-arms to Henry the Young King.
* [[July 22]] &ndash; Henry II and Thomas Becket meet near [[Fréteval]], [[France during the Middle Ages|France]], where they come to an agreement to end their differences. This results in Becket's partial restoration.
* November &ndash; [[Becket controversy]]: Thomas Becket excommunicates three bishops.<ref>{{cite book|first=W. L.|last=Warren|title=Henry II|pages=506–9}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Becket controversy]]: Henry II sends word that his conflict with Thomas Becket is at an end, and his lands will be restored. Becket returns to [[Kingdom of England|England]], landing at [[Sandwich, Kent|Sandwich]].
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Thomas Becket]] is assassinated by four knights (who believe themselves to be carrying out Henry II's wishes) in [[Canterbury Cathedral]], after his refusal to be arrested for breaking his agreement with Henry II.<ref>Frank Barlow (1986). ''Thomas Becket'', p. 236. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|978-0-297-79189-8}}.</ref>
* This is the earliest date for the making of [[cheddar cheese]] in [[Somerset]] (this is according to a [[pipe roll]] of Henry II, who purchases 10,240 lb of cheddar at a [[Farthing (British coin)|farthing]] per pound).

==== Ireland ====
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]]: Following a siege, combined Anglo-Norman and Irish forces seize the city of [[Dublin]], forcing [[Ascall mac Ragnaill]], last [[Kingdom of Dublin|King of Dublin]], into exile.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00work|url-access=registration|last=Foster|first=R. F.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-822970-4 }}</ref>

==== Africa ====
* [[Fes, Morocco|Fes]] in the [[Almohad Caliphate]] (modern [[Morocco]]) becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from [[Constantinople]], capital of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|title=Largest Cities Through History|work=About.com Geography|access-date=March 1, 2006|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> 

==== Asia ====
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[1170 Syria earthquake]]: One of the largest [[earthquake]]s to hit [[Syria (region)|Syria]]. It forms part of a sequence of large earthquakes that propagate southwards along the [[Dead Sea Transform]],  starting with the [[1138 Aleppo earthquake]] and continuing with the [[1157 Hama earthquake|1157 Hama]], 1170 and [[1202 Syria earthquake|1202 Syria]] events.<ref name=Ambraseys>{{cite journal|title=The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|first=Nicholas N.|last=Ambraseys|author-link=Nicolas Ambraseys|year=2004|journal=Annals of Geophysics|publisher=[[National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology|Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia]]|volume=47|number=2–3|pages=733, 738, 745, 750}}</ref>
* The palace guards massacre the civil officials at the Korean court of [[Goryeo]] and place [[Myeongjong of Goryeo|Myeongjong]] as new ruler on the throne of the Goryeo dynasty.

=== By topic ===

==== Folklore ====
* The Welsh prince [[Madoc]] (son of King [[Owain Gwynedd|Owain ap Gruffudd]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]) sails to [[North America]], in his ship the ''[[Gwennan Gorn]]'', and founds a colony.

==== Religion ====
* [[Peter Waldo]], a French merchant of [[Lyon]], starts the popular religious movement of the "Poor Men of Lyon", or [[Waldensians|Waldenses]].<ref>Hywell Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref></onlyinclude>
* [[Pope Alexander III]] addresses a series of letters to the backward Swedish church. He wants to impose the strict canonical requirements on the [[Swedes]], that is, the ecclesiastical legal system. Due to being Christianized in 1050,  [[Sweden]] is having trouble to fully adapt to the [[Catholicism]] that is preached and acted on in [[Europe]].<ref>Franklin D. Scott, Sweden: The Nation's History (University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 1977) p. 58.</ref>