Editing 1167 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Oath of Pontida]]: Supported by Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], the [[Lombard League]] is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of [[Milan]], [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]], [[Ferrara]], [[Piacenza]] and [[Parma]], against the German invading forces of Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] (Barbarossa) in [[Northern Italy]]. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (''Honor Imperii'').
* [[April 12]] &ndash; King [[Charles VII of Sweden|Charles VII]] (Sverkersson) is murdered at [[Visingsö]] by supporters of [[Canute I of Sweden|Canute I]] (son of [[Eric IX of Sweden|Eric IX]]), who proclaims himself king of [[Sweden]]. However, Charles's half-brothers [[Boleslaw of Sweden|Boleslaw]] and [[Kol Sverkerson]] proclaim themselves rulers of [[Östergötland]], in opposition to Canute, which leads to fights for the power in Sweden (until [[1173]]).
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Battle of Monte Porzio]]: The army of the [[Commune of Rome]] is defeated by German forces under Frederick I and the local princes; Alexander III leaves [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jean-Claude Maire|last=Vigueur|year=2010|title=L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle)|location=Paris|publisher=Tallandier|isbn=978-2-84734-719-7|page=315}}</ref> Frederick proceeds to Rome, where he is crowned by Antipope [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]] for the second time. A sudden outbreak of pestilence kills many of his advisors and knights.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2011). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)'', pp. 135–136. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sirmium]]: Byzantine forces (15,000 men) under General [[Andronikos Kontostephanos]] defeat the Hungarians at [[Sirmium]]. Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] (Komnenos) consolidates his control over the western [[Balkans]].  
* August &ndash; Frederick I claims imperial authority over [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]], [[Greater Poland]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]]. He installs his 3-year-old son [[Frederick V, Duke of Swabia|Frederick V]] as duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], after Frederick's cousin, [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick IV]], dies of disease at Rome.

==== Egypt ====
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Battle of al-Babein|Battle of Al-Babein]]: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General [[Shirkuh]] and his nephew [[Saladin]] marches towards [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]], but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King [[Amalric of Jerusalem]]. After skirmishing down the [[Nile]], the Crusaders are defeated near [[Giza]] and forced to retreat to [[Cairo]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 304–305. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* May–June &ndash; Saladin leads the defence of [[Alexandria]] against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison (plus some 1,000 cavalry), and the army's sick and wounded.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 11. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref> 
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters Alexandria at the head of the Crusader army. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to [[Syria]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 305. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Probable date &ndash; [[Battle of Pantina]]: The Byzantines intervene on behalf of Grand Prince [[Tihomir of Serbia]] against his rebellious brother, Prince [[Stefan Nemanja]], who defeats the Byzantine forces and becomes ''[[Grand Župan]]'' of [[Grand Principality of Serbia|Serbia]].

==== Ireland ====
* [[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]] (or Dermot), former king of [[Leinster]], returns to [[Ireland]] with an advance party of Flemings under Richard fitz Godbert de Roche.

==== England ====
* King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] prohibits English students from attending the [[University of Paris]]; many settle at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sager|first=Peter|year=2005|title=Oxford and Cambridge: An Uncommon History|location=London|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=0500512493|page=36}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[Taira no Kiyomori]] becomes the first [[samurai]] to be appointed ''Daijo Daijin'', chief minister of the government of [[Japan]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Absalon]], Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first [[synod]] at [[Diocese of Lund|Lund]]. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" (modern-day [[Copenhagen]]) and fortifies the coastal defence against the [[Wends]].</onlyinclude>