Editing 1165 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Manuel I Komnenos]] makes an alliance with [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] against [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick Barbarossa]], who takes an oath at the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Diet of Würzburg]] to support [[Antipope Paschal III]] against [[Pope Alexander III]].
* [[Andronikos I Komnenos]], a cousin of Manuel I, escapes from prison at [[Constantinople]]. After passing through many dangers, he reaches [[Kyiv]] and seeks refuge at the court of Prince [[Yaroslav Osmomysl]].

==== Europe ====
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fahs al-Jullab]]: [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] forces defeat [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanish]], ruler of the [[Taifa of Murcia]]. His army is routed at a place called the "merchant field" near [[Alhama de Murcia|Alhama]], in the valley of the [[Guadalentín]].<ref>Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1972). "La división territorial en la España musulmana (II): la cora de "Tudmīr" (Murcia)". ''Al-Andalus'', p. 171.</ref>
* ''[[Reconquista]]'' &ndash; [[Gerald the Fearless]], Portuguese warrior and adventurer, seizes the city of [[Évora]] by surprise. The same year (or soon after), he takes [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]], [[Trujillo, Cáceres|Trujillo]], [[Montánchez]], [[Moura, Portugal|Moura]], [[Monsaraz]] and [[Alconchel]] from the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]].
* [[Benjamin of Tudela]], Spanish Jewish traveler, sets out on his journey from the northeast [[Iberian Peninsula]] (modern [[Spain]]), on a [[pilgrimage]] to the [[land of Israel]] and beyond.<ref>Shatzmiller, Joseph (1998). "Jews, Pilgrimage, and the Christian Cult of Saints: Benjamin of Tudela and his Contemporaries", p. 338. {{ISBN|978-0-8020-0779-7}}.</ref>
* [[Otto II, Margrave of Meissen]], grants [[Leipzig]] city and market privileges. The city is located at the crossways of the ''[[Via Regia]]'' and ''[[Via Imperii]]'' trade routes.

==== British Isles ====
* c. August &ndash; [[Battle of Crogen]]: [[Owain Gwynedd]] (''Owain Fawr''), ruler of the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]] in north [[Wales]], having formed an alliance with his nephew [[Rhys ap Gruffydd]], prince of [[Deheubarth]], to challenge English rule, defeats King [[Henry II of England]] and drives his army out of Wales.<ref>{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/125 125–126]}}</ref>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; King [[Malcolm IV of Scotland]] dies at [[Jedburgh]] after a 12-year reign and is succeeded by his brother [[William the Lion]] as ruler of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (until [[1214]]).
* [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], queen consort of England, spends most of the year in [[County of Anjou|Anjou]]. Her husband, Henry II, begins an affair with "the Fair" [[Rosamund Clifford]].

==== Asia ====
* [[January 30]] &ndash; Closeted [[Emperor Go-Shirakawa]] holds an opening ceremony for the [[Sanjūsangen-dō]], a temple built by [[Taira no Kiyomori]] in Japan.
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Emperor Nijō]] of Japan abdicates the throne, dying soon after following a 7-year reign. He is succeeded by his 1-year-old son [[Emperor Rokujō|Rokujō]] as 79th emperor. 
* In China the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] ("Great Jin") and the [[Song dynasty]] make a lasting peace (until [[1205]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Eskil of Lund|Eskil]], Danish archbishop of [[Diocese of Lund|Lund]], appoints [[Fulco (bishop of Estonia)|Fulco]] as the first Bishop of Estonia, marking the early beginning of the introduction of [[Christianity]] to the country. He will visit [[Estonia]] for the first time in [[1169]] or [[1170]].
* The construction of [[Liuhe Pagoda]] ("Six Harmonies Pagoda") in [[Hangzhou]] is completed in Song dynasty China.
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Hildegard of Bingen]], German [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbess, founds [[Eibingen Abbey]] near [[Rüdesheim am Rhein]].</onlyinclude>