Editing 1160 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] sends an embassy led by [[John Kontostephanos (son of Stephen)|John Kontostephanos]] to [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], to ask King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem|Baldwin III]] to nominate one of the princesses of the [[Crusader states]], as a bride for the widowed emperor. Their two candidates are 15-year-old [[Maria of Antioch]], and [[Melisende of Tripoli]]. Baldwin suggests Melisende, and her brother Count [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond III]] sets about gathering an enormous [[dowry]]. The ambassadors are not satisfied, and delay the marriage for over a year. They hear rumours about Melisende's birth, based on her mother's (Countess [[Hodierna of Jerusalem]]) infidelity, and therefore Melisende's possible illegitimacy.<ref name=Runciman1160>{{cite book|author-link=Steven Runciman|first=Steven|last=Runciman|year=1952|title=A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem|pages=291–293|isbn=978-0-241-29876-3}}</ref> In the end, the Emperor marries Maria in [[1161]] and Melisende eventually enters a convent.

==== Europe ====
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Frederick Barbarossa]], Holy Roman Emperor, captures [[Crema, Lombardy]] after a 6-month siege, as part of his campaign against the independent Italian city-states. Some 20,000 survivors are allowed to leave the city with whatever they could carry before Crema is looted and burnt to the ground.<ref>Bradbury, Jim (1992). ''The Medieval Siege'', p. 92. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. {{ISBN|978-0-851-15357-5}}.</ref> The expense of the siege (over 2,000 silver marks) and Frederick's determination to enforce it over the winter, demonstrates his ability to hold troops in the field and to keep his allies on side.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2008). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)'', p. 134. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>  
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Saint Erik|Erik IX Jedvardsson of Sweden]] is murdered, after which his murderer [[Magnus Henriksen]] proclaims himself king of [[Sweden]] as Magnus II. He is murdered in turn the following year, however. Erik is soon worshipped as a saint. Though never formally canonized by Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], he eventually becomes the [[patron saint]] of Sweden.
* [[November 2]] &ndash; Betrothal of 5-year-old [[Henry the Young King]] of England and 2-year-old [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Marguerite]], daughter of [[Louis VII of France]]; she brings Norman [[Vexin]] to the English crown as a dowry.<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|page=67|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; Within weeks of the death of his second wife, Queen [[Constance of Castile]], King [[Louis VII of France]] marries [[Adela of Champagne]], daughter of Count [[Theobald II, Count of Champagne|Theobald II]] ("the Great").
* A plot of land at [[Miholjanec]] is donated to the [[Knights Templar]], who build a monastery in nearby Zdelia. This is the earliest historical mention of the Templars in [[Croatia]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Crusades and the Military Orders|page=246|first1=Zsolt|last1=Hunyadi|first2=József|last2=Laszlovszky|publisher=Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies|isbn=978-963-9241-42-8}}</ref>
* [[Spital am Semmering]] (modern [[Austria]]) is founded by Margrave [[Ottokar III of Styria|Ottokar III]]. He erects a hospital and completes the colonization of the area around the [[Traisen (river)|Traisen]] and [[Gölsen]] rivers.
* A large Portuguese offensive begins in the [[Alentejo]] region, against the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident dál-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref> The city of [[Tomar]] is founded by [[Gualdim Pais]], [[Grand master (order)|Grand Master]] of the Knights Templar.
* The island of [[Lundy]] is granted to the [[Knights Templar]] by Henry II of England.

==== Levant ====
* Autumn &ndash; [[Raynald of Châtillon]], prince of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]], makes a plundering raid in the valley of the [[Euphrates]] at [[Kahramanmaraş|Marash]] to seize cattle, horses and camels from the local peasants. On his way back to Antioch, he and his retinue are attacked by Zangid warriors. Raynald is unhorsed, captured and sent to [[Aleppo]] where he is put in jail.<ref name=Runciman1160/>

==== Africa ====
* The Almohads conquer [[Mahdia]] (modern [[Tunisia]]) from the [[Italo-Norman|Normans]] after an important naval success near the city, against Christian reinforcements coming from [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>
* Approximate date &ndash; A commercial treaty between the [[Almohad Caliphate]] and the [[Republic of Pisa]] opens the [[North African]] ports to Tuscan merchants.

==== Asia ====
* In Japan, the [[Heiji Rebellion]] began with the [[Siege of Sanjō Palace|siege of the Sanjō Palace]].<ref>Samson, George (1958). ''A History of Japan to 1334'', pp. 256–258. Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|08-0470-523-2}}.</ref>
* Emperor [[Dharanindravarman II]] dies and is succeeded by his cousin [[Yasovarman II]] as ruler of the [[Khmer Empire]] (modern [[Cambodia]]). Dharanindravarman's son [[Jayavarman VII]] goes into exile in neighboring [[Champa]].

=== By topic ===

==== Education ====
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Derby School]] is founded by [[Walkelin de Derby]] in [[Derby]] ([[Kingdom of England|England]]); it will survive until 1989.