Editing 1154 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[April 18]] &ndash; [[Nur ad-Din (died 1174)|Nur al-Din]], Seljuk ruler (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Aleppo]], encamps before [[Damascus]] and overthrows [[Mujir ad-Din Abaq|Mujir al-Din]] by force  with support of the Jewish citizens, who open the eastern gate to the bulk of his army. Mujir flees to the citadel, but capitulates after only a few hours. He is offered his life and the Emirate of [[Homs]]. A few weeks later Mujir is suspected of plotting with old friends in Damascus and is exiled to [[Baghdad]]. Damascus is annexed to [[Zengid dynasty|Zangid]] territory and all of [[Syria]] is unified under the authority of Nur al-Din, from [[Edessa]] in the north to the [[Hauran]] to the south.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 278. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Nur al-Din establishes the [[Nur al-Din Bimaristan|Al-Nuri Hospital]] in Damascus. The hospital has outpatient consulting rooms, a conference room, prayer hall, vestibules and bathrooms.<ref>{{cite web|title=Al-Nuri hospital, in Damascus 1154|url=http://www.shininghistory.com/2009/06/al-nuri-hospitaldamascus-in-1154.html|access-date=8 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107040400/http://www.shininghistory.com/2009/06/al-nuri-hospitaldamascus-in-1154.html|archive-date=November 7, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 26]] &ndash; King [[Roger II of Sicily|Roger II]] dies at [[Palermo]] after a 24-year reign. He is succeeded by his fourth son [[William I of Sicily|William I]] ('''the Bad''') as ruler of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]. William appoints [[Maio of Bari]], a man of low birth, to chancellor and his adviser. He pursues his father's policy of strengthening authority over the towns and the Italian nobles, who rally around his cousin [[Robert III of Loritello|Robert III]], count of [[Loritello]], in [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia and Calabria]].
* Autumn &ndash; King [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') leads an expedition into [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] for his imperial coronation. He wants to impose his will upon the towns and cities of [[Lombardy]], a region long accustomed to interference from [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]]. Frederick encounters stiff resistance to his authority, the Lombard nobles are unwilling to acknowledge his rule and the rights to raise taxes.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2008). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)'', p. 130. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>
* The [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] army conquers the last independent Muslim stronghold at [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]] (modern [[Spain]]), after a six year siege.<ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010). ''L'Algérie cæur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658–1518)''. Paris: La Dïcouverte; p. 88.</ref>
* The [[Banate of Bosnia]] becomes an autonomous duchy as part of the [[Lands of the Hungarian Crown]].
* [[Tallinn]], the capital of [[Estonia]], is first marked on the world map by [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]].

==== Africa ====
* [[Italo-Norman|Norman]]s conduct a series of raids in [[North Africa]], including [[Annaba]] (modern [[Algeria]])<ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010). ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658–1518)''. Paris: La Découverte; p. 71.</ref> and the [[Nile]] Delta.<ref name="norman adversaries">{{cite book|last=Abels|first=Richard Philip|title=The Normans and their adversaries at war|year=2001|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|location=Woodbridge|isbn=0-85115-847-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOic9EEo3PIC&q=The+occasion+of+the+coming+of+the+Normans+to+southern+Italy|author2=Bernard S. Bachrach|page=100}}</ref>

==== England ====
* [[October 25]] &ndash; King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] dies after a short illness at [[Dover]]. He is succeeded by Henry of Anjou, the son of Queen [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]]. 
* [[December 19]] – The 21-year-old [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] is crowned as sole ruler of [[Kingdom of England|England]] along with his wife [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]].<ref>White, Graeme J. (2000). ''Restoration and Reform, 1153–1165: Recovery From Civil War in England'', p. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-55459-6}}.</ref>
* The [[Bull Ring, Birmingham|Bull Ring]], a commercial market centre, is founded by [[Peter de Bermingham]] at [[Birmingham]].

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Culture ====
* [[January 15]] &ndash; Muhammad al-Idrisi, Arab geographer and cartographer, completes his [[atlas]] of the world, the ''[[Tabula Rogeriana]]'', which will remain one of the most accurate maps until the [[Age of Discovery]].<ref name="norman matthew">{{cite book|last=Matthew|first=Donald|title=The Norman kingdom of Sicily|year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-26911-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQfub3l_ejkC&q=january&pg=PA277|page=228}}</ref>

==== Religion ====
* [[December 3]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Anastasius IV|Anastasius IV]] dies after a 17-month [[pontificate]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]] (the only English pope in history) as the 169th pope of the [[Catholic Church]].
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