Editing 1143 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[April 8]] &ndash; Emperor [[John II Komnenos|John II]] ('''Komnenos''') dies of a [[Arrow poison|poisoned arrow]] wound while hunting wild boar on [[Mount Taurus]] in [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Cilicia]]. He is succeeded by his 24-year-old son [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]], who is chosen as his successor, in preference to his elder surviving brother [[Isaac Komnenos (son of John II)|Isaac]]. Manuel dispatches [[John Axouch]]os, his commander-in-chief (''[[Grand Domestic|megas domestikos]]''),  to [[Constantinople]] ahead of him – with orders to arrest Isaac in the [[Great Palace of Constantinople|Great Palace]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 180–181. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[November 13]] &ndash; King [[Fulk, King of Jerusalem|Fulk of Jerusalem]] dies after a hunting accident in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem|Baldwin III]] – who is crowned as co-ruler alongside his mother, Queen [[Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem|Melisende]] on [[Christmas|Christmas Day]]. Due to the political situation the [[Outremer|Crusader States]] of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]], [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] and [[County of Edessa|Edessa]] assert their independence. [[Raymond of Poitiers|Raymond of Antioch]] demands the return of Cilicia to his principality and invades the province.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 188–189. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]] gives [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] to his half-brother [[Henry II, Duke of Austria|Henry II]] ('''Jasomirgott'''). His wife, [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg|Gertrude]] (daughter of the late Emperor [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]]) dies in childbirth at [[Klosterneuburg Monastery]] in [[Lower Austria]] on [[April 18]].
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Zamora]]: The [[Portugal in the Middle Ages|Kingdom of Portugal]] is recognized by King [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso VII]] ('''the Emperor''') of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in the presence of his cousin, King [[Afonso I of Portugal]] and papal representatives.
* [[Adolf II of Holstein|Adolf II]], count of [[County of Schaumburg|Schauenburg]] and [[Holstein]], founds [[Lübeck]] – which later becomes one of the leading [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] cities. He divides the conquered [[Slavs|Slavic]] lands, as part of the eastward expansion in [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]].
* [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey V]] ('''the Fair''') becomes Count of Anjou upon news of the death of his father Fulk.

==== England ====
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Wilton]]: Earl [[Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester|Robert of Gloucester]] (illegitimate son of the late King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]) defeats the English forces of King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] during a surprise attack at [[Wilton Abbey]]. In the darkness, Stephen escapes, while his steward [[William Martel]] fights a rearguard action to delay the pursuers. 
* Autumn &ndash; Stephen arrests [[Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex|Geoffrey de Mandeville]], 1st [[Earl of Essex]], during a meeting of the Royal Court at [[St Albans|St. Albans]]. He is charged with treason against Stephen, but given his freedom back in return for surrendering his title and castles. Geoffrey becomes an outlaw and fortifies [[Ramsey Abbey]], where he sets up his headquarters to plunder the countryside of [[Ely, Cambridgeshire|Ely]].

==== Africa ====
* [[Italo-Norman|Norman]] raiders capture [[Jijel]] (modern [[Algeria]]).<ref>{{cite book|first=Gilbert|last=Meynier|year=2010|title=L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)|location=Paris|publisher=La Découverte|pages=71}}</ref> A Norman raid on [[Ceuta]] fails,<ref>Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</ref> but at the same time the Normans lead a successful assault against [[Sfax]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bresc|first=Henri|title=La Sicile et l'espace libyen au Moyen Age|year=2003|url=http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal=[[Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione|Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente]] |volume=63|issue=2|pages=187–208|jstor=25734500|language=fr|trans-title=Sicily and the Libyan space in the Middle Ages}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[September 23]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]] dies at [[Rome]] after a 13-year [[pontificate]]. He is succeeded by [[Pope Celestine II|Celestine II]] as the 165th pope of the [[Catholic Church]].

==== Literature ====
* [[Robert of Ketton]] makes the first European translation of the [[Qur'an]] for [[Peter the Venerable]], ''[[Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete]]'',  into [[Latin]].
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