Editing 1137 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[John II Komnenos|John II]] ('''Komnenos''') leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into [[Cilicia]] (the Byzantine fleet guards his flank). He defeats the Armenians under Prince [[Leo I, Prince of Armenia|Leo I]] ("Lord of the Mountains"), and captures the cities of [[Mersin]], [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], [[Adana]] and [[Mopsuestia|Mamistra]]. Leo retreats to the great fortifications of [[Anazarbus]] – where its garrison resists for 37 days. The Byzantine [[siege engine]]s batter down its walls, and the city is forced to surrender. Leo escapes into the [[Taurus Mountains]], while the Byzantine forces march southward into the plain of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 170–171. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* [[August 29]] &ndash; John II appears before the walls of Antioch, and encamps with the Byzantine army on the north bank of the [[Orontes River]]. For several days he besieges the city, [[Raymond of Poitiers]] (prince of Antioch) is forced to surrender. He recognizes John as his suzerain and becomes with [[Joscelin II, Count of Edessa|Joscelin II]] (count of [[County of Edessa|Edessa]]) a vassal of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 171–172. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Bazawash|Bazwāj]], a [[mamluk]] (slave) commander of [[Damascus]], launches a military campaign against [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]], reaching [[Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles|Pilgrims' Mount]]. He defeats a [[Crusades|Crusader]] army under Count [[Pons, Count of Tripoli|Pons]] (protector of Tripoli). Pons is forced to flee into the mountains where native Christians capture him. Later, he is handed over and instantly put to death by Bazwāj.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 162–163. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Summer &ndash; [[Battle of Ba'rin]]: A Crusader force led by King [[Fulk, King of Jerusalem|Fulk of Jerusalem]] is scattered and defeated by [[Imad al-Din Zengi]], Seljuk governor (''[[atabeg]]'') of [[Mosul]]. Fulk with a small bodyguard escapes into [[Montferrand (crusader castle)|Montferrand Castle]], which is surrounded and besieged by Zengi. After negotiations, Fulk is granted his freedom in exchange for the castle.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 164–165. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[William X, Duke of Aquitaine|William X]] ('''the Saint'''), duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], dies while on a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Santiago de Compostela]] (modern [[Spain]]). On his deathbed, he expresses his wish to see King [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] ('''the Fat''') of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] as protector of his 15-year-old daughter [[Eleanor of Aquitaine|Eleanor]], and to find her a suitable husband.
* [[July 25]] &ndash; Louis VI sends his 16-year-old son [[Louis VII of France|Louis Capet]] with an escort of 500 knights to [[Bordeaux]], along with Abbot [[Suger]] in charge of the wedding arrangements. Louis and Eleanor are married in the [[Bordeaux Cathedral|Cathedral of Saint-André]]. France unites Aquitaine and its territories to the [[Pyrenees]]. 
* [[August 1]] &ndash; Louis VI dies of [[dysentery]] at [[Paris]] after a 29-year reign. He is succeeded by Louis Capet (known as Louis VII) as [[List of French monarchs|King of France]]. During his accession the [[Burgess (title)|burgesses]] of [[Orléans]] and [[Poitiers]] revolt – who wish to organise [[Medieval commune|communes]] (creating independent [[city-state]]s).
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer IV]], count of [[county of Barcelona|Barcelona]], is married to Princess [[Petronilla of Aragon]] (only 1-year-old) – whose father, King [[Ramiro II of Aragon]], seeks aid from Barcelona against King [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso VII]] of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], abdicates the throne in favor of Ramon on [[November 13]].
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Battle of Rignano]]: [[Sergius VII of Naples|Sergius VII]], duke (''[[magister militum]]'') of [[Duchy of Naples|Naples]], is defeated by the Sicilian forces under King [[Roger II of Sicily]]. Sergius is killed and Roger establishes direct control over Naples – nominating his 17-year-old son [[Alfonso of Capua]] as the new duke.
* [[December 4]] &ndash; Emperor [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]] dies at [[Breitenwang]] in [[Tyrol]], while retreating from Italy after a [[mutiny]] among his troops. His son-in-law [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry X]] ('''the Proud'''), duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]], inherits the [[Duchy of Saxony]].
* An [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] fleet of 37 ships attack the coasts of southern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]], under [[Italo-Norman|Norman]] rule.{{sfn|Picard|1997}}

==== Britain ====
* Spring &ndash; King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]] sails to [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] to confront [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey V]] ('''the Fair''') and the [[Angevin Empire|Angevins]], who are attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen has some success, he is not able to recapture Normandy from [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]], daughter and heiress of the late King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=61–63|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* King [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] dies after a 56-year reign, having rebuilt Welsh power overturned earlier by Henry I. He is succeeded by his son [[Owain Gwynedd]] who together with his other brothers, [[Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd|Cadwaladr]] and [[Cadwallon ap Gruffydd|Cadwallon]], work to revive the power of Gwynedd in [[Wales]].
* [[June 3]] &ndash; A fire severely damages [[Rochester Cathedral]], but it is soon rebuilt.<ref name=Fires>{{cite book|chapter=Fires, Great|title=The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance|editor=Walford, Cornelius|publisher=C. and E. Layton|year=1876|page=26}}</ref><ref name=deR>{{cite book|author-link=Paul de Rapin|first=Paul|last=de Rapin|title=Histoire d'Angleterre|volume=2|location=La Haye|publisher=Alexandre de Rogissart|year=1724}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; A fire destroys much of the city of [[York]], including 39 churches and [[York Minster]].<ref name=Fires/><ref name=deR/>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; A fire severely damages the city of [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].<ref name=Fires/>

==== Africa ====
* In the first commercial treaty between the [[Almohad Caliphate]] and a Christian power, the [[Republic of Genoa]] obtains trading rights in the port of [[North Africa]].{{sfn|Picard|1997}}
* The [[Ethiopian Empire]] is established by Emperor [[Mara Takla Haymanot]] of the [[Zagwe dynasty|Zagwe Dynasty]].

==== Asia ====
* In [[China]] during the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]], a fire breaks out in the new capital of [[Hangzhou]]. The government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of [[rice]] are distributed to the poor, and items such as [[bamboo]], planks and rush-matting are exempted from government taxation.
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