Editing 1100 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[January]] – The Seljuk ruler [[Mahmud I of Great Seljuq|Mahmud I]] is expelled from [[Baghdad]] by his brother [[Barkiyaruq]], but Mahmud manages to retake the city, during his spring offensive.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maalouf|first=Amid|title=La Croisade vue par les Arabes|year=1983|publisher=Lattès|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7096-0547-2|page=74}}</ref>
* [[May]] or [[June]] – [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]] (Saint-Gilles) sails to [[Constantinople]] to obtain the support of Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos|Alexios I]] (Komnenos), in his attempt to seize [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hill|first=John Hugh|title=Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105|year=1959|publisher=Privat|author2=Hill, Laurita Lyttleton}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] – A [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] fleet leaves [[Italy]], to support the [[Crusade]]rs' efforts to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reach [[Latakia]] on  [[September 25]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hagenmeyer|first=Hendrich|title=Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094–1100|year=1973|publisher=Olms|isbn=978-3-487-04756-0}}</ref>
* [[August]] – [[Battle of Melitene]]: [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] is captured by the [[Danishmends]], leaving [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]] as regent of the [[Principality of Antioch]] for two years.
* [[August 20]] – With the [[Venetian expedition to the Levant (1099–1100)|support]] of a [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] fleet, the Crusaders under Tancred capture the coastal city of [[Haifa]].
* [[December 25]] – French Crusader [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] is crowned first [[King of Jerusalem]] at the [[Church of the Nativity]] in [[Bethlehem]], by [[Dagobert of Pisa|Daimbert]], the new [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brother [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], on [[July 18]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm|title=Baldwin I of Edessa|access-date=2010-08-05|archive-date=9 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509212911/http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* After a success over the Armenians of [[Cilicia]] and the Emirate of [[Aleppo]], [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin of Bourcq]] becomes [[County of Edessa|Count of Edessa]], with the support of Daimbert.
* [[Genoa]], [[Venice]] and [[Pisa]] gain trading privileges from the [[Crusader states]], in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.

==== Europe ====
[[File:Death of William Rufus.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|right|2 August: death of [[William II of England]] during a hunt, killed by an arrow of [[Walter Tirel]].]]
* [[August 2]] – King [[William II of England|William II]] (or William Rufus) dies in a [[hunting]] accident in the [[New Forest]]. Sir [[Walter Tirel]] is accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial. [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] claims the throne.
* [[August 5]] – Henry I is crowned [[List of monarchs of England|King of England]], at [[Westminster Abbey]]. The power of the new monarch is ill-assured, and to mollify the barons he has to grant them the [[Charter of Liberties]], one of the first examples of a written [[constitution]] in [[Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html |title=Communal Courts |access-date=2010-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623154402/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html |archive-date=23 June 2010 }}</ref>
* [[August 30]] – After the failure of the [[Council of Liubech]] in [[1097]], the Congress of Vytechev establishes peace and the feudal system in [[Kievan Rus]]; the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them. [[Sviatopolk II of Kiev]] becomes the first Grand Prince.
* [[September 16]] – [[Battle of Malagon]]: The Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buresi|first=Pascal|title=La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique|year=2004|publisher=Publibook|isbn=978-2-7483-0644-6}}</ref>
* [[September 23]] – [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] returns from [[exile]], at the invitation of Henry I.
* [[October 18]] – [[Peter I of Aragon]] conquers [[Barbastro]] (modern [[Spain]]) from the hands of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sénac|first=Philippe|title=La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve et Larose|isbn=978-2-7068-1421-1}}</ref><ref name=victor>{{Cite book|last=Catlos|first=Brian A.|title=The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-82234-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoDuA8fv9rEC&q=christian+mercenaries+maghrib|page=13}}</ref>
* [[November 11]] – Henry I marries [[Matilda of Scotland]], the daughter of King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] and a direct descendant of the Saxon king [[Edmund Ironside]].
* [[November 18]] – The Council of [[Poitiers]] opens, but is soon forcibly closed by [[William IX, Duke of Aquitaine|William IX]], duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], as the bishops are about to excommunicate King [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] once more.<ref>{{Cite book|last=O'Reilly|first=Patrice-John|title=Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1, Parties 1 à 2|year=1857|publisher=Delmas}}</ref> 
* [[December 25]] – Philip I elevates his son [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] as co-ruler to the government of the realm.
* Philip I conquers the [[Vexin]] area, and adds the city of [[Bourges]] and the province of [[Berry]] to his estate.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hoefer|first=Jean|title=Nouvelle biographie générale|year=1862|publisher=Firmin Didot frères}}</ref>
* In [[Iceland]], the [[Althing]] decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).
* Intense urban activity in north and central Europe: [[Kalmar]] ([[Kungälv]]) and [[Varberg]] ([[Sweden]]) are chartered; The cities of [[Aach, Baden-Württemberg|Aach]] (southern [[Germany]]) and Nakléřov in [[Bohemia]] are created. The castle of [[List of castles in Hesse#Main-Taunus-Kreis|Burg Eppstein]] is built in central Germany.
* Henry I grants the ownership of [[Carisbrooke Castle]] on the [[Isle of Wight]] to [[Richard de Redvers]], a Norman nobleman.

==== Africa ====
* A collective  of [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]]  trading clans decide to permanently settle  the city of [[Timbuktu]] (modern [[Mali]]) north of [[Djenné]] along the [[Niger River]]. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The [[Sankore Madrasah|Sankore]], [[Djinguereber Mosque|Djinguereber]] and [[Sidi Yahya Mosque|Sidi Yahya]] mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).

==== China ====
* [[February 23]] – [[Emperor Zhezong]] dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother [[Emperor Huizong of Song|Huizong]] as ruler of the [[Song dynasty]]. At about this date, the Chinese population reaches around 100 million and in [[Kaifeng]], his capital, the number of registered citizens within the walls is about 1,050,000 with the army stationed here boosting  the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
* The [[Liao dynasty]] crushes the [[Zubu]], a tribute state of the [[Khitan Empire]], and takes their ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' prisoner.

==== Americas ====
* [[Oraibi, Arizona|Oraibi]], a [[Hopi]] village in [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo County]], becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-day [[Arizona]] (modern-day [[United States]]).
* The [[Ancestral Puebloans]] culture, located in the modern-day [[Four Corners]] (United States), rises (approximate date).
* The city of [[Cusco]] (modern [[Peru]]) is founded (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[September 8]] – Antipope [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]] dies at [[Civita Castellana]] after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]], [[Pope Victor III|Victor III]] and [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]]. Supporters of Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] in [[Rome]] choose [[Antipope Theodoric|Theodoric]] as his successor.
* November – The council of Poitiers decrees that the followers of [[Robert of Arbrissel]] have to settle down and live under a rule, leading to the foundation of [[Fontevraud Abbey]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Müller |first1=Annalena |title=From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000436297 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zk85EAAAQBAJ |access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Frederick I (Archbishop of Cologne)|Frederick I]] becomes archbishop of [[Cologne]], and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.
* The [[Stift St. Georgen]] Abbey is founded near [[Sankt Georgen am Längsee]] (modern [[Austria]]).
* The Diocese of [[Faroe Islands|Faroe]] is founded (approximate date).

==== Sports and games ====
* [[Draughts|Checkers]] is invented (approximate date).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm |title=The history of checkers |access-date=5 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222144719/http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm |archive-date=22 February 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref></onlyinclude>