Editing 1080 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Autumn &ndash; [[Nikephoros Melissenos]], a Byzantine general and aristocrat, seizes control of what remains of Byzantine [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] (modern [[Turkey]]), and proclaims himself emperor against [[Nikephoros III Botaneiates]]. Melissenos makes an alliance with Sultan [[Suleiman ibn Qutulmish]] and recruits many Turkish [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] to his army.<ref>Brian Todd Carey (2012). ''Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)'', p. 158. {{ISBN|978-1-84884-215-1}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Flarchheim]]: [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], defeats the forces led by the German anti-king [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], near the town of [[Flarchheim]] (modern [[Germany]]). 
* [[April 17]] &ndash; King [[Harald III of Denmark]] dies after a 4-year reign and is buried at [[Holy Cross Priory, Dalby|Dalby Church]] in [[Scania]] (modern [[Sweden]]). He is succeeded by his brother [[Canute IV of Denmark|Canute IV]] ("the Holy") as ruler of [[Denmark]].
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Battle on the Elster]]: Rudolf of Rheinfelden defeats the imperial forces led by Henry IV at the [[White Elster|Elster River]]. Rudolf dies the following day at [[Merseburg]] of wounds received.<ref name="Crusadeshistorian">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Exxeto51p3cC&q=%22Battle+of+Elster%22&pg=PA27|title=Victory in the East (Book extract)|author=John France|year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521589871|quote=Godfrey was almost certainly present in support of Henry IV at the battle of Elster in 1080 (sic 1085... an error or typo), when the forces of the anti-king Rudolf triumphed on the field only to see their victory nullified because Rudolf was killed}}.</ref>

==== Britain ====
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Walcher]], bishop of [[Diocese of Durham|Durham]], is killed by rebel Northumbrians. King [[William the Conqueror]] sends a punitive expedition led by his half-brother [[Odo of Bayeux]] to pacify [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]].<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History''. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp. 113–114. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; [[Robert Curthose]], a son of William I, is sent to invade [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]. He reaches as far as [[Falkirk]] and forces King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] to agree to terms while building fortifications at [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].
* [[Osmund (bishop of Salisbury)|Osmund]], bishop of [[Diocese of Salisbury|Salisbury]], builds [[Devizes Castle]] in [[Wiltshire]].

==== Armenia ====
* The [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia#The Rubenid dynasty|Rubenid Principality of Cilicia]] gains independence after its founder, [[Ruben I, Prince of Armenia|Ruben I]], succeeds in establishing his authority in the mountainous regions of [[Cilicia]].

==== Africa ====
* The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] emir, [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], conquers [[Tangier]], [[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera|Badis]] and [[Honaine|Hunayn]].<ref>Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</ref>

==== China ====
* [[Shen Kuo]], Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and statesman, begins his defensive military campaign against the [[Tangut people]] of the [[Western Xia]]. He successfully defends the invasion route to [[Yan'an|Yanzhou]] ([[Shaanxi]] province).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Wibert of Ravenna]] is elected as [[Antipope Clement III]] during the pro-imperial [[Synod of Brixen]]. [[Pope Gregory VII]] is deposed, signed in a decree by Henry IV.<ref>[[Herbert Edward John Cowdrey]] (1998). ''Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085'', pp. 201–202 (Oxford University Press).</ref>
* King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]] ("the Brave") of [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] establishes [[Latin]] liturgy in the [[Catholic Church]], in place of the [[Mozarabic Rite|Hispanic Rite]].
* [[Benno II of Osnabrück|Benno II]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück|Osnabrück]], founds the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abby of [[Iburg Castle]] (modern [[Germany]]).</onlyinclude>